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This paper examined the status of interlanguage that emerges in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese request behaviors in a contact situation by analyzing interview materials that recorded the start of conversations among international students studying at a university. The results showed that, even in brief conversation situations in which students entered the professor’s lab, greeted one another, and introduced themselves, conversation strategies adopted by the learner and native speaker took on various forms. interlanguage in the contact situation showed non-uniform and complex aspects, ranging from conversation strategies that retained the influence of the mother tongue to conversation strategies of the target language and conversation strategies that were different from both the mother tongue and target language. This paper has limitations in that it failed to go beyond just reporting the overall discourse structure of the interlanguage of Korean, Chinese, and Japanese learners’ request behaviors in a contact situation. Recognizing these limitations, I will continue an in-depth analysis of conversations between requesters and requested persons to reveal the interlanguage status of learners of three languages: Korean, Chinese, and Japanese.

Interrupted speech expressions are one of the methods of communication used in Japanese to interact without finishing a sentence, through the use ofby using utterances. This study focuses on the function and burden of expressions of interrupted speech, kedo, in Japanese native speakers’ conversations. Kedo can be divided into two functions: providing information and requesting information. In this study,The researcher has observed 148 kinds of ways of providing information and 40 ways ofof requesting information were observed. Thus, Iit was found that providing information in kedo is more often usedcommon than requesting information. Similarly, the use of introduction, body, and conclusion in a conversation was more present in providing information than requesting information. Furthermore, it appeared that the higher the burden of the request was, the higher the kedo’s usage rate augmented, varying from 56 ats its lowest to 132 ats its highest. The reason behind these results is that kedo has a function ofcan reduceing the burden felt when requesting something. From these outcomes, it was found thatTherefore, Japanese native speakers can ease the burden felt by the other party tothrough the use of provideing information and self-avoidance while using kedo when the discourse’s body is being developed.

This paper is a reconsideration of the whole story of the massacre of the Korean people in the Great Kanto Earthquake by examining the discourse and policies of the Japanese government before and after the incident. The Japanese government used this catastrophe to annihilate Korean anti-Japanese nationalists.This paper looked at how the word 'Criminal Korean' was made and circulated and how it was used to represent certain images in the Japanese society. A thorough examination of the documents of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and an exhaustive inspection of the imposition of the Japanese martial law led to the reconstruction of the story of the massacre of the Korean people in the Great Kanto Earthquake. It was confirmed that the majority of 'criminal Koreans' were nationalists, independent activists, and officers of the provisional government. A comprehensive review of the content and the process of dispersal of groundless rumors right after the Great Earthquake, the content and purpose of the martial law, army and police movements after the imposition of the martial law, and the slaughter in the Narasino prison camp revealed that the policies and measures of the Japanese government were all focused on the annihilation of 'criminal Koreans'.

This paper is an examination of paintings depicting Lin Bu in past events in Korea and Japan. The story of Lin Bu, which emanatet from China was reproduced in paintings of old occasions and enjoyed for a long time throughout the Joseon Dynasty of Korea and the Edo Period of Japan. The initial pieces imitated Chinese works but since then both countries have created original images Korean depictions created landscapes that minimize the appearance of the figure of Lin Bu who admired people and highlight the image of Lin Bu as a classical scholar by capturing the surrounding environment on the entire canvas. This is because of Lin Bu’s hermitry which was accepted rather than his character. As a result, Korean painting features include old events that portray Lin Bu's symbolic media complexly such as Gosanbanghakdo, where the artist's emotions are incorporated into the work. On the other hand, in Japan, landscape and figure paintings that express the image of Gosan where Lin Bu stayed changed to portrait figure paintings that emphasize the appearance of Lin Bu’sperson as much as possible by omitting the surrounding environment and leaving only minimal medium symbols of him. At the time, historical figure paintings in Japanese society gave meaning to a place as decoration or played roles as an objects of worship and were used in places close to daily life.

In the first half of the 17th century in Japan, a nonviolent ideology was needed to rule over the country. Under such circumstances, Confucianism, especially Zhuzi xue spread widely and Buddhism was advocated for. Fujii Ransai (1617-1709) was a representative Confucian and a critic of Buddhism in the early Edo period. However, there are some narratives suggesting that his attitude toward Buddhism changed gradually from criticism to permissiveness. This paper analyzes how and why his viewpoint of Buddhism changed from before to after the writing of his book Yamatoizenroku. This paper is organized in the following manner: first, it explores the stages of Ransai's life and the process of becoming a Confucian. Then, it summarizes the change of Ransai’s attitude toward Buddhism. Furthermore, it considers how Ransai encountered Chinese moralistic books, confirming how he, as a Confucian, perceived Buddhism. Lastly, it clarifies the background of the writing of Yamatoizenroku centered on the acceptance of Chinese moralistic books.

This study examines the effects of the Shirakaba school's acceptance of Western art with a focus on the “Shirakaba” and "Nika" groups. Since the Meiji period, Japan has implemented a national policy aimed at catching up with Western advancements and there has been a movement to reflect this trend in the art field. In the early Meiji period, the promotion of art grew under the protection of the government as part of national policy. The Meiji government established an art school and a government-sponsored exhibition to implement policies. However, there has been a series of abuse aimed at exhibition judges, undermining their authority and the nature of the policy that tried to bring advanced art into the system. Seiki Kuroda, a teacher at the Tokyo art school and then head of the Hakuba society attempted to overcome this situation. Shirakaba school formed the Nika group, insisting on seeing anti-academy and anti-exhibition participation. In the end, the Shirakaba school and Shirakaba magazine served as spearheads to promote Western art in Japan in the course of Japan's modern westernization as well as stepping stones to nurture students after school. Meanwhile, as Kojima Kikuo and Hosokawa Moritatsu who were involved in the Shirakaba school had a certain status in the Western art troupe of Japan, intervened in the production of the portrait of Yasui Sotaro. Finally, the Shirakaba school has led to excessive interference in the creative activities of their successors.

This study investigates the success mechanism of Aomori Nebuta matsuri, Akita Kanntou matsuri, and Sendai Tanabata matsuri which are held every year in Touhoku, Japan. The success mechanism is summarized as follows: ① organizational devices of competitive structure are in place, leading to creative evolution, ② based on the sense of community, there is a local culture that contributes towards matsuri's success, ③ the excellent acting skills of participants express regional characteristics and provide an attraction for visitors, ④ children participate actively through schools and youth associations leading to the transfer of culture to the younger generation, and ⑤ merchants run matsuris at their own expense which makes it cost-effective and economical. In other words, via the three Touhoku Matsuri, "proudness, competition, high-level technique, children's participation, and local people's funds," are passed down to future generations and activated as devices to revive the local economy under a mechanism that works organically and collectively.

As the human rights for the elderly and disabled are now more emerging in worldwide, comprehensive understanding of their right for the mobility handicapped is also required to be established. Even though various policies have been implemented based on the Act on Promotion of the Transportation Convenience of the Mobility Handicapped, needs of the mobility handicapped still remained unmet in Korea. Therefore, this study suggests the policies to practically guarantee the mobility rights of the mobility handicapped much more practically in Korea by reviewing relevant laws, policies, and programs in Japan.

In this paper, we mainly discuss the aesthetics of indefinite intelligence, with a focus on three cultures: the West, Japan, and Korea. These cultures are represented by the writers Oscar Wilde, Junichiro Tanizaki, and Kim Dong-in, who share similarities in that they express beauty through the birth of demonic beauty or the negation of intelligence. Wilde and Kim Dong-in pursue mad beauty through the denial of intellect and, eventually, death. However, in Tatazaki’s work, the birth of a demon woman through the denial of intellect, the conquest of a man, the victory of evil, and death are not found.

Akutagawa Ryunosuke’s “Two Letters” is a short story published in the second volume of the magazine “Kokucho” in September 1917. “Two letters” describes the main character Sasaki, who claims his wife’s affair to be a “doppelgänger phenomenon”. It is for this reason that Sasaki is considered to be a “madman”. Sasaki identifies his wife’s hysteria as the cause of the doppelgänger’s manifestation, which suggests that adultery may occur. Much of the previous research on “Two Letters” is centered on the insanity of Sasaki and the doppelgänger phenomenon, which is used to represent Sasaki’s madness. I intend to analyze the work overall and attempt a new interpretation.

This paper examines and compares a serial novel published in the Keijo Nippo, which was published in colonial Chosun, with a serial novel published in overseas/domestic Japanese newspapers of the same period. When directly consulting the bibliographic information of the feature novel published in the Keijo Nippo, it can be observed that the same works were published in both local newspapers and overseas newspapers such as those of Taiwan and Manchuria. Therefore, in this paper, we used Nagoya Shinbun as an example to identify which works were simultaneously published in overseas/domestic Japanese newspapers and to determine their background.

This study began with the question of why there are significantly fewer Christians in Japan, compared to Korea or China. To determine the answer, an in-depth analysis of the novel, Silence written by the Catholic Shusaku Endo, was conducted. This book concluded that there was a need for a thorough revision of the issue of the indigenization of Christianity in Japan. Silence is a reflection by the author written at the delicate border between religion and literature, though it is sometimes criticized for being nothing more than the introdution of a distorted form of Christianity. At the climactic moment, in the contrasting structure of the voice of God stasting, “You may trample.” and “the rooster crowed”, Endo highlights the mysterious question again by citing the Bible. This study attempted to examine the mystery presented by the author by comparing it to the Bible.

This paper is concerned with Japanese verbal expressions that show one's feelings of love especially in love confessions between men and women. This study analyzes how people express their affectionate emotions and if the strategies used for showing affection differ between the genders. Findings indicate that Japanese men and women employ several strategies of expression. Men seem to use showing affection, situation explanation, compromising, confirming the feeling, asking-out, suggesting merits, demand, reason explanation, and wishing, while women seem to use showing affection, situation explanation, confirming the feeling, compromising, demand, situation explanation, unilateral notification, wishing, asking-out, and suggesting merits. Although Japanese women usually express their love through showing affection, we found that they rarely make the first move in asking somebody out. To ask somebody out signifies the beginning of the dating relationship and this is predominantly led by men. This may be the effect of a gender stereotype that is realized in the form of a gender role. Among the strategies mentioned above, men usually act by compromising and suggesting merits. They use various strategies that are likely to elicit a positive response from women. As a result of investigating examples in this paper, it was found that the attributes of men, such as broad-mindedness and willingness to protect a woman, have a masculine appeal.

In Japanese grammar, Japanese demonstratives are an aspect of grammar addressed at the beginner level and one that is easy for Korean learners of Japanese. This study investigated the Japanese demonstratives, ‘コ(ko), ソ(so), ア(a)’ which are items that appear in JapaneseⅠof Korea’s University Scholastic Ability Test, taken by learners who have acquired the demonstratives in High School Japanese. Japanese demonstratives are described as ‘コ(ko), ソ(so), ア(a)’ and explained in High School JapaneseⅠby comparing the native Korean and Japanese languages on a one-to-one basis. This study examined the effects on problem solving in Japanese I of Korea’s University Scholastic Ability Test. As result of analyzing the test items involving dialogue sentence scenes using Japanese demonstratives and found that the usage of spatial-temporal deixis was more than discourse-reference dexis. In the case of spatial-temporal deixis, it is divided into usages for ‘when the speaker and listener are in different places’ and ‘when the speaker and listener are in the same place’. In the case of contextual directives, there seemed to be no difficulty finding the answer, even if the instruction usage was not specifically understood. Although a good score may be obtained on the test, mastery of demonstrative usage in the items was not considered to be advanced.

The purpose of this article is to explore how movie poster information introducing foreign movies is portrayed in Korea and Japan. Almost 700 posters were used as the research scope. They were sorted by period, word type, number of letters, and poster content. Generally, it is possible to guess the content of most foreign films by only using the "Romanza," and it was found that there was increased foreign language usage in Korean notation. In Japanese notation, "Katakana" was treated as foreign language in Korean notation. Looking at the box office ranking up to 10th place by number of characters, it was confirmed that Korea uses 3.8 character in 1.6 vocabulary, and Japan uses 9.6 character and 2.6 vocabulary. According to poster content, the posters mainly provided five kinds of information. In the earlier posters, a lot of information was shared through text. Whereas, more recently, a singular movie will release a variety of posters in which there seems to be more emphasis on information delivery through pictures and colors rather than through words and letters. It was found that the amount of content shared through the information was decreasing and the posters containing the most information were released in Japan. In this way, future research could make suggestions for Korean films to consider advertising in newspapers and magazines when Japanese films come to Japan and Korea, not only standard foreign films. Furthermore, it is believed that by incorporating our research methods with media other than movies, it will be possible to link various media within the academic world.

Linguistic rights mean using and learning languages personally, publicly, and freely. And it means the right to exchange with them. Minority declared the right not to be discriminated based on languages in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. After this, problems for linguistic minorities were raised in the two declarations. They are legally non-binding, but they are meaningful in that the problems about languages were raised. And they formed the foundation of the Universal Declaration of linguistic rights. Canada implemented pioneering multicultural policies. It evaluated multiculture with social resources and implemented active policies and heritage language education. However, it currently suspended heritage language education because dissent of it was strong in it. It is difficult to keep minorities' linguistic rights. Discussion on linguistic rights has not begun in Korea. Heritage language education has been implemented focusing on the Korean language. it has been a little bit done in the Japanese language. Korea has little interest in heritage language education of various languages. The Linguistic rights Society was established in Japan in 1998 and discussion on linguistic rights has been actively done. Heritage language education is done focusing on the Japanese language, but in some areas, heritage language education of Chinese, Spanish, Korean, etc. Heritage language education is good to be implemented in the public education system.

This study looks at the remnants of Japanese language in Korean through synchronic and diachronic review focusing on idioms found in the Korean dictionary. These were compiled according to the times, looking at when and to what extent Japanese idioms have been used in Korean since the end of the 19th century. These attempts are thought to be recognized as academically valuable only when verified based on a vast amount of historical data such as novels and magazines. But, in this study, we analyze and examine the incorporation of Japanese language, albeit partially, into limited dictionaries and newspapers. Our results show that the number of Japanese idioms introduced into the Korean language dictionary during the Japanese colonial period was surprisingly small, however Japanese idioms were integrated rapidly after 1980. Therefore, it is believed that national countermeasures should be prepared in the future.