KJC Korea
Journal Central

1. Objectives This research was purposed to reconsider the Dong-Mu's Theory of Nature and Mind(性情論 ). 2. Methods The Dong-Mu's interpretation on the first chapter of 『The Doctrine of Mean(中庸)』, and the related contents of Nature and Emotion(性情) in his literature such as 『Gyukchigo(格致藁)』, 『Donguisusebowon-Sasang chobongyun(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷)』 and 『Donguisusebowon(東醫壽世保元)』 were reviewed. 3. Results and Conclusions 1. Dong-Mu reinterpreted the concepts about 'Providence(天命) and Human Nature(人性)', 'Not-yet-intentional state(未發) and Intentional state(已發)', 'Nature and Mind(性情)' and 'Equilibrium and Harmony(中和)'in 『The Doctrine of Mean』, and used these concepts as logical tools in explanation of his thoughts of Human being and medical theory. 2. The generating principle of Nature and Mind(性情) presented as sorrow, anger, joy and pleasure is 'the Principle of Human nature(性理)', which is embodied as 'the Principle of Organ(臟理)' in 『Donguisusebowon』. The Principle of Organ(臟理) is originated from Heart and lie at lung, spleen, liver and kidney as the form of Four Virtue(四德). 3. The Principle of Organ(臟理) has the position of superintendence and is the generating principle of Nature and Emotion(性情), by which the structural and functional variations between different constitutional types are formed. 4. Dong-Mu's newly established concept of Nature and Emotion(性情) is the core logic in his idea of physiology, pathology and self-cultivation.

1. Objectives This research was proposed to find out the pathology of Soeumin in Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM). 2. Methods The related contents of the pathology of Soeumin were selected in Je-Ma Lee's literatures such as 『Dongmu-YuGo(東武遺稿)』(DYG),『Donguisusebowon-SaSangchobongyun(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷)』(DSS), 『Donguisusebowon-GabObon(東醫壽世保元甲午本)』(DGO),『Donguisusebowon-ShinChukbon(東醫壽世保元辛丑本)』(DSC), and the research was written in order to find out the physiology and pathology of Soeumin in SCM. 3. Results and Conclusions The chronical change of pathologic concept in Soeumin diseases as follows : Pathology in Soeumin diseases was much Cold Qi(寒氣), and more descending Qi, less ascending Qi in DYG, DSS. In 「Discourse on the viscera and bowels」 of DGO and DSC, Soeumin has a circulation of Water-Food Hot Qi of Spleen Group(脾黨) and Water-Food Cold Qi of Kidney Group(腎黨). Exterior Disease(表病) was the injury of Exterior-Qi such as eye-shoulder Qi(目膂氣) by Pleasure-Nature-Qi(樂性氣), and Interior Disease(裏病) was the injury of Interior-Qi such as spleen-stomach Qi(脾胃氣) by Joy-Emotion-Qi(喜情氣). All diseases of Soeumin are caused by insufficient Warm Yang Qi(陽煖之氣) in Spleen Group(脾黨), so the pathology of Soeumin was focused on Requisite energy(保命之主) and each small viscera and bowels(偏小之臟). In this viewpoint, the schema of Soeumin diseases such as Ulkwang-syndrome(鬱狂證), Mangyang-syndrome(亡陽證), Taeum-syndrome(太陰證) and Soeum-syndrome(少陰證) were designed to explain the mechanism of each syndrome.

1. Objects This paper was written in order to understand of Taeumjowitang(太陰調胃湯). 2. Methods We analysis prescription's combination of Taeumin's experior diseases through pathology and new prescription in DongyiSuseBowonSasangChoBonKywun(東醫壽世保元 四象草本卷), DongyiSuseBowon GabOBon(東醫壽世保元 甲午本), DongyiSuseBowon ShinChukBon(東醫壽世保元 辛丑本). 3. Results and Conclusions 1) The origin of Taeumjowitang(太陰調胃湯) is BoPyeSaengMacTang(補肺生脈湯) which is combination of SaengMacSan(生脈散) and SanYakHwaWiJun(山藥和胃煎). 2) BoPyeSaengMacTang(補肺生脈湯) was changed to GilGyungSaengMacSan(桔梗生脈散) in DongyiSuseBowon GabOBon(東醫壽世保元 甲午本). GilGyungSaengMacSan(桔梗生脈散) was changed to HanDaYulSoTang(寒多熱少湯) and Taeumjowitang(太陰調胃湯) in DongyiSuseBowon ShinChukBon(東醫壽世保元 辛丑本). 3) Taeumjowitang(太陰調胃湯) is combination of BoPyeWonTang(補肺元湯) which help Exhale Dispersing Qi of Lung, and adlay(薏苡仁), dry nut(乾栗) and radish seed(蘿葍子) which help Stomach Qi, calamus(石菖蒲) which regular Qi, ephedra(麻黃) which is exhale experior cold Qi.

1. Objective The object of this thesis is to find the basis of Constitution assignment of Nogeun(蘆根, Phragmites communis Trin.) used to the medication for Taeyangin. Also, it is to recognize what kind of Constitution of Mogeun(茅根, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii) is needed to be assigned to. 2. Methods 『Dongyi Soose Bowon』 ‘SinchukBon’, ‘ChobonKwun’, other related Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM) books, herbal medicine books such as 『Boncho Kangmok』, and etc. were compared and researched. 3. Results & Conclusions 1) Nogeun(蘆根) lowers Qi and harmonizes the body. Because of the effect of lowering soar-Qi(氣), it used to treat the symptoms of Taeyangin's vomiting[噎膈反胃, Stomach reflux due to dysphagia-occlusion]. Also Yuksoo Nogeun[逆水蘆根, Reed growing near the river in low stream] is the basis of considering inhale-gathering Qi effect as a major indication of Nogeun. 2) The theory of classifying White Mogeun as a Tae-eumin Medicinal is based on the effect of Radiating while classifying White Mogeun as a Taeyangin Medicinal is based on the effect of treating stomach reflux[反胃]. But both basis are not conclusive and thus requires further study. 3) In 『Sasang Geumge Bibang』, the first text ever to write only about separate medicinals and Classified Foods[食物類] of each constitution, there were examples of Nogeun and Mogeun's usage based on other pre-existing medical texts. 4) Because White Mogeun is classified as Tae-yangin medication in 『Dongmu Yugo』, but classified as a Tae -eumin's medication in 『Dongyi Soose Bowon』 ‘ChobonKwun’ and 『Sasang Geumge Bibang』, there remains a controversy.

1. Objectives The Crown Prince Sohyen(1612-1645) has been believed to have been poisoned to death because of the political conflict with the King Injo. However, the Crown Prince Sohyen who was So-yangin(SY type) didn't be treated properly at that time. This paper is supposed to explain the reason why he died by reference. 2. Methods The prescription which was made out to the Crown Prince Sohyen is analyzed, based on the Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM) through Shimyang-ilgy and Ulyudongkung-ilgy. 3. Results 1) In the case of the prescription where So-yang medical stuffs were contained a lot or Gunyak(the main madical stuff) was So-yang one, the Crown Prince Sohyen was better, while that of Tae-eum and So-eum medical stuffs didn't work. Therefore, the Crown Prince Sohyen can be considered So-yangin. 2) The So-yangin's symptom was misunderstood as Hakjil and treated, which could lead him to be put to death. 4. Conclusions The Crown Prince Sohyen is supposed to be Soyang-in(SY type), and accordingly the So-yangin's symptom was misunderstood as Hakjil and treated, which could cause him to pass away.

1. Objectives This paper was written in order to understand the origin and changes of Galgeunhaegi-tang. 2. Methods We analysis Galgeunhaegi-tang through pathology and new prescription in 『Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)』,『Chobongwon(草本卷)』,『Gabobon(甲午本)』 and 『Sinchukbon(辛丑本)』 of 『Dongyi Suse Bowon』. 3. Results and Conclusions We can find the first origin of Galgeunhaegi-tang in 『Sinchukbon(辛丑本)』 in 『Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)』 which invelves Galgeunhaegi-tang in the categories of pestilence(瘟疫) and Yangmyeonggyeongbyeong(陽明經病). Also, we can find the origin in Jugoeng(朱肱)‘ Jojung-tang. Seungeumgalgeun-tang in the 『Chobongwon(草本卷)』 developed by a Galgeunhaegi-tang of 『Gabobon(甲午本)』, and Galgeunnabokja-tang in the 『Chobongwon(草本卷)』 developed by a Galgeunhaegi-tang of 『Sinchukbon(辛丑本)』 It is considered that Galgeunhaegi-tang of 『Gabobon(甲午本)』 solves heat depression(鬱熱), due to not throwing off, by using Galgeun(葛根) and Daehwang(大黃), and accompanied dryness(燥) by using Hangin(杏仁) and Sanjoin(酸棗仁) which moisten dryness(燥) It is considered that Galgeunhaegi-tang of 『Sinchukbon(辛丑本)』 solves heat depression(鬱熱) by using Galgeun(葛根) and accompanied dryness(燥) by using Gobon(藁本) which sets free dryness(燥).

1. Objective This study aimed to know the concordance coefficient and diagnostic trend of 6 Sasang constitution diagnosis factors among experts, which are important to diagnose Sasang constitution. 2. Methods We suggested each 100 cases containing body shape, face, temperament, physiological and pathological symptom and constitutional drug response to 2 groups experts, and researched expert opinions. We analyzed concordance coefficient with Kendall's coefficient of concordance W. 3. Results 1) Experts agreed with 167(82.5%) diagnosis results of cases, but there were 33 cases(17.5%), with which even one expert disagreed 2) The concordance of priority order of Sasang constitutional factors was significantly associated within expert. 3) Experts put the priority concordance to drug response and Face, body shape, voice and Pathological and physiological symptoms in order. 4) In case by case, concordance coefficient was 47(55.9%) in group 1, 9(10.8%) in group 2, 56 (33.5%) in total. 4. Conclusions Expertㄴ made much account of drug responses and faces in diagnosing Sasang constitution. but there were different opinions in concordance coefficient. So Sasang Constitution Diagnosis Guideline is necessary to integrate experts opinions.

1. Objective Researching the satisfaction on constitutional health care and studying an influential factor on the satisfaction to make use of basic materials for consitutional health care model. 2. Methods We sent the questionnaire to 102 extended family members who received constitutional health care in oriental medicine institute. Collected 70 data analysis was statistically proceeded by SPSS. 3. Results The rate of satisfaction on consitutional health care was 87% which was relatively high in comparison with other health care programs. Oriental clinic showed the highest in rate and then oriental hospital and institute were followed. 4. Conclusion This study showed that satisfaction on consitutional health care was high and the health care program was positive in improving health. Developing guide on health care by constitution and building up clinical data on the degree of health improvement influenced by health care program.

1. Objectives The aim of this study was to survey the ordinary symptoms of TE type(Tae-eumin) and to compare the tendency of their symptoms according to the Exterior- or Interior- disease. 2. Methods We recruited 659 TE type(Tae-eumin)-subjects in multi-oriental hospitals and researched their ordinary symptoms. Subjects were diagnosed by the Sasang Constitutional specialists in oriental hospitals, and had remarkable improvement in the chief complains after Sasang Constitutional Medication. Subjects were divided two groups. One group had the Exterior-cold disease and they took the prescription for the Exerior-cold disease(such as Taeumjowi-tang, Jowiseungcheong-tang, Nocyongdaebo-tang etc.). The other group had the Interior-febrile disease and they took the prescription for the Interior-febrile disease(such as Galgunhaegui-tang, Yeoldahanso-tang, Cheongsimyeonja-tang, Gongjinhugwon-dan etc.). All subjects answered the questionnaire about their symptoms. We found the differences of answers using the Chi-square test between-group comparisons. We analyzed using SPSS 12.0 for Korean. 3. Results and Conclusions In symptoms, Quantity of meal(p=.009), Perspiration of head and face(p=.001), Aspect of Excrement(p=.027), Presence of pain after excrement(p=.001), Frequency of urination at night(p=.003), Clarity of urine(p=.041), Sleep during the day(p=.049), Warm or cold feeling on abdomen(p=.007), etc. are different according to the Exterior- or Interior- disease. We found the differences of symptoms between not only the constitutional types but also the types of disease.

1. Objectives We analyzed the case reports published by the journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, to study Sasang Constitution diagnosis and characteristic of clinical practice. 2. Methods It has been examined 138 case reports of Sasang Constitution society published from 1994 to 2008. We analyzed. patient's number, publication year, distribution of Sasang Constitution, title's characteristics and bases of constitution diagnosis. 3. Results and conclusions 1) In the analysis of patient's number, 1 case report was almost part of the case reports, and the case reports ware many published after 2001. 2) In the analysis distribution of Sasang Constitution, Soyangin was the most Sasang Constitution, and Tae-umin was the next one and Soeumin, Taeyangin followed them. 3) In the analysis of the journal's title, Sasang Constitution, disease and symptom of Sasang Constitution were more important than prescription recently. 4) In the analysis of the journal's purpose, unique disease and response of treatment were almost part of the case reports. 5) In the analysis of diagnosis bases, subjective bases were more important than objective bases and Sasang Constitutional drug response. therefore we should do researches in objective bases and drug response in the future.

1. Purpose Sasang constitutional herb medicine is known as specific to his own's constitution. So other constitutional herb medicine can induce side effects. This study investigates the cause and side effects of other constitutional herb medicine. 2. Methods Literature study was carried out with the chapters including harm to other constitutions in the books “Dongyisasangjinryoeuijeon(東醫四象診療醫典)” and “Joeuihak(朝醫學)”. And the causes of side effects were studied in terms of herbology and movements of Qi in Sasang constitutional medicine. 3. Results Herb medicines of Taeeumin's have the dispersing Qi energy, so Soeumin could have side effects mostly and some of Soyangin could do. Herb medicines of Soeumin's have the warming Qi energy, so Soyangin could have side effects like dermatitis or fever. Herb medicine of Soyangin's have cooling Qi energy, so Soeumin could have side effects of digestive system like diarrhea and some of Taeeumin could do. 4. Conclusion It is thought that herb medicine is safe and less harmful when herb medicine is prescribed and taken according to his own constitution.

1. Objectives This study is a pilot study to construct of metabolic syndrome model with constitutional type. We focused on the correlation of Metabolic syndrome(MetS) and ordinary symptoms with Taeumin at 40. 2. Methods 32 subjects who had taken health examinations and diagnosis of Sasang constitution from Oct 1, 2008 to Dec 31, 2008 at Kyung-Hee medical center were included and underwent B-mode ultrasonography for measurement of intima-media thickness of common carotid arteries. MetS was defined by the criteria of the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment PanelⅢ 3. Results and Conclusions Mean intima-media thickness of common carotid artery was higher in subjects with MetS compared with control subjects(0.56±0.12 vs 0.54±0.08mm) however The ordinary symptoms shown to differentiate the MetS group and the control group were related to "dark urine color," "dryness of eyes," and "night sweat" Therefore, these ordinary symptoms can be said to be indicators of the Taeumin with Mets syndrome.

1. Objective This study aims to evaluate the medical tourism structures in countries with prosperous medical tourism industry such as Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and India in order to propose optimal strategies that can promote the medical tourism in Korea. 2. Methods All pertinent literature concerning medical tourism directly and indirectly were assessed, and reviews of medical tourism strategies found in various countries were evaluated. 3. Results Evaluation of related literature reveals that medical tourism is a recent burgeoning industry that has grown in market size considerably in the last five to ten years. Also, it shows that oriental medicine is a highly likely candidate amidst the various medical fields for attraction foreign patients. 4. Conclusion The Korean government should support and install appropriate legal and administrative bodies in order to attract medical tourists; Korea-specific medical tourism programs (ie. traditional Korean medicine package tours) should be developed in order to attract medical tourists from the western world and the middle-east. In addition, low-price policy of medical tourism is not a proper strategies for the competition against advanced medical tourism destinations such as Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and India. Differentiated medical tourism package such as oriental medical tourism program rather than provision of low-price policy seems to be more effective strategy for the medical tourism in Korea. Future studies on strategies for promoting medical tourism should focus on how foreigners recognize traditional Korean medicine, what diagnostic approach might be appealing to them and how the legal system concerning the medical procedures may be altered and modified.

1. Objective This study aims to report symptomatic improvement of a Soyangin patient reporting general weakness, dizziness, gait disturbance, cold sensitivity, nocturnal sweating, and anorexia after treatment with Hyeongbangjihwang-tang. 2. Method The patient's subjective and objective symptoms were observed daily, and the VAS scores for the main symptoms were recorded daily throughout the hospitalization period. 3. Result The general condition of the patient improved by the end of the hospitalization period, where the VAS score dropped from VAS 10 to VAS 5 and the symptoms of dizziness, general weakness, cold sensitivity, and nocturnal sweating disappeared by day 4 of admission without recurrence. 4. Conclusion Although the patient did not report diarrhea, one of the main Mangeum symptoms, the general symptoms improved with Hyeongbangjihwang-tang medication. This indicates that Hyeongbangjihwang-tang can be used to treat chief and subsidiary symptoms related to Mangeum symptomatic pattern when applied to the appropriate base and manifesting symptomology.

1. Objectives The purpose of this case study is to evaluate the superiority of Sasang con stitutional diagnosis and treatment in skin disease compared with westerm medicine and is to notify the importance of elevating requsite qi(保命之主) in treatment of skin disease. 2. Method We compared to remedical value in two case. One is to use herbal medicine as well as routine antibiotic treatment. The other one is to use only herbal medicine. Antibiotics was focused on attacking the pathogen and herbal medicine was focused on elevating requsite qi(保命之主). 3. Result and conclusions In result, the one using only herbal medicine showed satisfactory progress and predominant remedical value compared with one using herbal medicine and routine antibiotic. So it is necessary to approach skin disease in view of elevating requsite qi(保命之主).