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Neiging Medicine(內經醫學) based on Yin-Yang and Five elements was the main stream of Korea Traditional Medicine until the end of 19th century. And the establishment of Sasang Constitutional medicine. In this paper, author proved that the Yin-Yang of Sasang Constitutional Medicine was different from that of Neiging Medicine and that explained the Yin-Yang of Sasang Constitutional Medicine as our own medicine. After considering the philosophical and medical background of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, and author researched the Yin-Yang of ontology, structure, function, symptoms in Sasang Constitutional Medicine. Also we compared this with that of Neiging medicine. The results were as follows 1. Neiging Medicine was based on the Yin-Yang and Five elements centering on the nature and Sasang joy, and pleasure centering on the human. 2. The ontology of Sasang Constitutional Medicine were the mind as a unitary substance, the mind and body as a dual substance, and affair, mind, body, and objects as a four substance which were the basic theory of philosophy. 3. Sasang Constitutional Medicine explained social phenomenon with a four substancial structure consisted of affairs, mind, body, and objects, a complex four substancial structure consisted of heaves, human, nature and order, and a three dimension structure including time. 4. On the other hand Neiging Medicine recognized seven emotions as five emotions, Sasang Constitutional Medicine recognized seven emotions as qi, nature, and emotions which consisted of sorrow, anger, joy, and pleasure. The qi had an effect on internal and external part of body and the nature and the emotion had an effect on the upward and downward of body. 5. It was taked great importance to control the up and down balance and the internal and external balance in Sasang Constitutional Medicine instead of reinforcing and reducting method of Neiging Medicine. 6. The Yin-Yang of Korean Traditional Medicine developed centering on the human from centering on the nature and Sasang Constitutional Medicine was a practical medicine compared with Neiging Medicine.

Sasang-Medicine can classify all sympton with more simple classifying system than past Oriental-Medicine, because Sasang Byeon-Zeung(=classifying system of the sympton) separate by four clearly. The merit of this Sasang Byeon-Zeung can be seen more clearly on the part of the pathology of the expiratory-scattering and inspiratory-gathering of the Tae-Eum and Tae-Yang. On this view point, this thesis discussed the following subjects. 1. Investigate the theory of raising-falling and scattering-gathering developed in the Dongeui-Suse-Bowon. 2. Investigate the changes of the recognition of the Yang-Dog sympton and Jo-Yeol sympton argued as Interior-overheating-sympton of the Tae-Eum-In caused by liver's receiving heat. 3. Investigate the Yi-Je-Ma's view on the Eum-Yang in the argument of interior-overheating-sympton of the Tae-Eum-In caused by liver's receiving heat. As a result, the following conclusions were led to. 1. Dongeui-Suse-Bowon considers Spleen-Kidney has the couple motion of the raising Yang and falling Eum, and Liver-Lung has the couple motion of the expiratory-scattering and inspiratory-gathering. This theory of raising-falling and scattering-gathering is same as in the concept with the gathering. This theory of raising-falling and scattering-gathering is same as in the concept with the theory of raising-falling and floating-sinking of past Oriental-Medicine, but more consistently systematized in the pathology and prescription. 2. Dongeui-Suse-Bowon considers the Yang-Dog sympton and Jo-Yeol sympton as the interior-overheating-sympton of the Tae-Eum-In. As following the book, the fire of desire weeken the expiratory-scattering power of the lung, and deepen the shortage of the expiratory-scattering power comparison to the inspiratory-gathering power. Therfore the sympton can be treated by releasing ourselves from the desire and taking medicine strengthening the expiratory-scattering power. 3. In the early stage of the orintal medicine, they used prescriptions composed of So-Yang medicine and Tae-Eum medicine which can cool heat. Galgeun, Mawhang and Seungma were used in the age of Sanghanron, thereafter Jugoing's Jojung-Tang and Gongsin's Galgeunhaegi-Tang were developed as prescriptions of the interior-overheating-sympton of the Tae-Eum-In, and finally Tea-Uem-In Galgeunhaegi-Tang was settled by Yi-Je-Ma.

After studying about the formative process and theory concerning So-Yang In(少陽人)'s prescriptions, Some principles were founded. Those were summarized as follows. 1. Lee Jae Ma(李濟馬) established the theory and remedy about the So Yang In's diseases, and the formation of So Yang In's prescriptions was based on those theories and remedies 2. As the emprical prescription of So Yang In's diseases, ten pre-scriptions of Discussion of Cold-Induced Disorder(傷寒論) and nine of Won Myung dynasty period(元明時代) were described in Dong Eui Su-Se Bo Won(東醫壽世保元), and I could confirm that the formation of So Yang In's presciptions was based on those emprical prescriptions. 3. The pathological characteristics of emprical prescriptions of So-Yang In's diseases in Discussion of Cold-Induced Disorder(傷寒論) were completely corresponded with the principle of So Yang In's diseases, and we could know that emprical presciptions of diseases that were the base of So Yang In's prescriptions were selected by the principle of So Yang In's diseases. 4. In the serious cases of So Yang In's diseases, So Yang In's pre-scriptions were mostly made up of tonifying and nourishing yin medicine(補陰藥物) that dirrectly rufill the damaged Eum Chung Zi Ki(陰淸之氣). According to the above results, it could be concluded that Lee Jae-Ma(李濟馬) made So Yang In's prescriptions with emprical pre scri-ptions that were based on the theory of So Yang In's diseases and concluded that So Yang In's prescriptions were made up of tonifying and nourishing yin medicine(補陰藥物) in the serious cases of diseases.

The methodology of the Oriental philosophy is deductive and that of the of Occidental philosophy is inductive. Therefore study on the Oriental philosophy must start from right comprehension of fundamental premise before detailed analysis. The writer studied the meaning of the cosmology which forms the basis of Sa-sang constitutional philosophy and the propriety of visceral assignment by Sa-sang constitution which forms the theoletiacal basis of Sa-sang constitutional medicine. The results are following ; 1. The cosmology of Lee jae-ma has the existent principle but don't have the side of the formative principie. 2. The cosmology of Lee jae-ma is not that searchs for the objective rule of nature but that centers around a human being by subjective understanding system. 3. The cosmology consists of four elements, that is mind(心), body(身), events(事), and nature(物). Among them mind and body means a human being, nature means the natural environment containing time and space, events means not that of nature but that of human being. 4. The mind and body as Yin-yang(陰陽) means the state which objects and self become one. 5. The mind as the Great-Absolute(太極) has the possibility of two interpretation, Firstly it means the state of the source of life which nature and human being become one, and secondly it means that the mind of a human being becomes the cosmos or the center of the cosmos. 6. In the visceral assignment by Sa-sang constitution the position of heart, the Great-Absolute in center is immanent within four viscera and the function of it is that the undifferentiated unitary organic body, after it is diffrentiated still serves as the unitary organic whole by mutual connection, adjustment, unification and supervision. 7. The Great-Absolute in center is divided into the Great-Absolute of mind and that of body. And the Great-Absolute of body consists of the heart and the system of blood vessel, that of mind means the self-consciousness(自我).

The objective of this article is to carry on the comparative study of the two books, Dongyisusebowon and Myungsunrok. Je-Ma Lee showed, in fact, the intellectual achievement in his book, Dongyisusebowon. And Lee showed more close relationships with Suk-Ji Han's idea. The common ideas from this comparative study of both scholars are as follows. 1. Lee understands the real character of human being according to Chu-Ztu(朱子)'s doctrine, with the supplement of Han's. 2. Lee explains the Sung-Jung(性情) in Cosmology and the theory of Human Nature, but he concentrates upon the Sung-Jung in the theory of Human Nature, especially in constitutional medicine. 3. Lee states the Tai-Geuk(太極) in the meaning of heart from the medical viewpoint, he agrees with the Han's idea. 4. I try to comprehend Myungsunrok in the Wang-Yang-Ming(王陽明)'s concept. 5. Han explains that Sung-Jung-I-Ki(性情理氣) is one concept with two aspects, Che-Yong(體用). In addition, Lee has formed his 'Chun-In-Sung-Myung(天人性命)' thought in harmonization with Han's idea and Chu-Tzu's idea.

Disease depends on the three factors, agent, host and environment. According to history of disease, by early 1900s the case of deaths is infectious disease, in late 1900s care of infectious diseases and tremendous scale of chronic disease, i.e., heart disease, diabetes, cancers and etc, makes care of chronic diseases be a most important theme. Now, life-style of diet is being westernized and in high industry-oriented society, obesity makes attack fate remarkably increase and life-expectancy become short, so that it causes severe problem of health. Chronic disease, such as obesity, is not affected by specific agent, but depends of interaction between host and environmental factors. There is the theory of constitutional medicine in Korean Medicine. According to it, all the people have constitutional specificity and disease. Because obesity is a kind of disease, there is the corresponding constituent being apt to be fat. Oriental Medicine utilizes herb-medication, acupuncture, and massage-therapy in treating obesity. Therefore study on relationship between constituent and obesity for OPD patients of Sangji-Oriental Medicine Hospital is carried out. The results are summarized as followings. 1. 70.2% of obesity patients are Taeumin(太陰人), 26.9% of those are Soyangin(少陽人), 2.9% of thoese are Soeumin(少陰人). 2. Most cases, high value of Free Fat Acid and Triglyceride not that of Total Cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprptein is meaningful in obesity patient blood. The corelationship between lipid test and Constitution is meaningful in Triglyceride and Free Fatty Acid. 3. Obesity is not related with gene. 4. Obesity is not related with Boyak(Herb-Med : 補藥). 5. Obesity mostly happens after delivery, contraception and operation. 6. Obese Patients are apt to eat between meals, especially food of wheat flour such as a snack. 7. The aim of treating obesity is not persuit of beauty but of keeping healthy. 8. 2.2Kg of body weight is lost after 4 week-treatment. 9. Common cause of obesity is overeating of carbohydrate and lipid than meat.

In order to compare the dffects ofGalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′ang(葛根解肌湯) of "Dongeuisusebowon(東醫壽世保元)and Won's(元)-GalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′ang(葛根解肌湯) of "Dongeuisasansinpyun(東醫四象新編)" on the immune respone, Sprague-Dawley male rats were used and randomly divided into four groups. Normal group was under normal condition, Control group was injected i.v. with 2mg/kg Methotrexate(MTX) on the 9th day and 11th day after sensitization with SRBC on the 5th day,GalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup was fed with 1ml ofGalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′angand Won's-GalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup was fed with 1ml of Won's-GalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′angby oral during eighteen days. In the 9th day and the 11th day after oral feeding with medication, MTX was injected in tail of rats in order to reduce immune function. Leukocyte count, lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte count of spleen, lymphocyte count of bone marrow, contact hypersensitivity to DNFB, morphologic change of thymus cell, and electropherogram of serum protein were estimated and compared according to the group. The results are as follows : 1. Before and after MTX injection, leukocyte(WBC) count was increased signigicantly in Won's-GalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup compared to control group.GalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup had no significant difference compared to control group. 2. Before and after MTX injection, lymphocyte ratio was not significantly different in Won's-GalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup and inGalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup compared to control group. 3. The lymphocyte count of spleen was increased significantly inGalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup compared to control group and Won's-GalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup. Won's-GalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup had no significant difference compared to control group. 4. The lymphocyte count of bone marrow was increased significantly in Won's-GalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup compared to control group andGalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup.GalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup had no significant difference compared to control group. 5. Contact hypersensitivity was increased significantly in Won's-GalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup compared to other group.GalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup had no significant difference compared to control groups. 6. In the morphologic change of thymus cell, control group compared to normal group had a indistinct boundary between cortex and medulla and lymphocyte cell density of thymus was low.GalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup and Won's-GalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup compared to control group had a definite boundary between cortex and medulla and lymphocyte cell density of thymus was high. 7. In the SDS-PAGE electropherogram of serum protein, Won's-GalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup had a wide band of nearby 25,000 Dalton, and which meant IgG generated more actively. Considering this results,GalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup and Won's-GalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup have an effect on the depression of immune function induced by MTX, and especially Won's-GalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup has an significant effect thanGalgunhaegitangGalgu˘nhaegit′anggroup.

The oriental medicine based on the traditional chinese medicine has developed according to the historical and racial character respectively in China, Korea and Japan etcs. Particularly, the distinctive feature of Korea & Japan is characterized by the development of constitutional medicine compared with chinese medicine; Sasang Medicine of Korea and Ikkando Medicine of Japan. The constitutional medicines were so far developed by many clinical doctors, and in recent years much interest has centered on the application of these medicines in regarding originality, easiness and effectiveness etcs in treatment. Thus far only few attempts have been made at Ikkando medicine in Korea, what seems to be lacking, however, is practical application in clinic. Thus authors intend to help the clinical application by introducing Ikkando medicine to Korea oriental medicine through this paper. The Ikkando medicine was established by Dohaku Mori(1869~1931) and was known through the "Kampo Ikkando Medincine" which was published by his disciple, Kaku Yakazu(1893~1966), classified human beings into three types; type of blood stasis, type of stroke and type of allergy. The type of blood stasis may be responsible for factors which have occurred by a state of insufficient bleed circulation and blood stasis causing lesione of endothelial cells, and Tongdosan is mainly administrated. The predisposing factor of stroke's type is known as the excessive diet, and the prevalence of cerebrovascular accident is probably higher. In this type, it is likely that patients are prevented and cured with Bangpungtongsunsan. Allergy's type have three distinct types of childhood, adolescence and adult as to the age. Allergy's type of childhood predisposes patients such as these to upper respiratory infection and tuberculosis etcs, and Sihocheonggansan is frequently administrated. Allergy's type of adolescence has a tendency to rhinitis and infection of face legion etcs, and Heunggyeyeoungyotang is mainly administrated. Allergy's type of adult is subject to urogenital infection, and is more commonly treated with Yongdamsagantang. Judging from the above, we can say with fair certainty that Ikkando Medicine has considerable validity to clinical practice, though it should not be pushed too far.