KJC Korea
Journal Central

This study aimed to apply a methodological approach, 'social network analysis' for the understanding of policy network among interest groups related tourism industry in Korea. Structural features in policy network are achieved by focusing on interest groups in the policy making process, theirs relationships, and the structural context. These parameters are used to map the intensity and density of relational constellation and to asses if and how interest groups take each other into account in their action. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. The mutual relevance and reputation influence structure among interest groups are turned out to be direct and complex network in which a few interest groups are important players. The contribution of this study is to provide useful policy implications to practitioners. But also, this study expects that main findings of this study will be useful hypotheses for future studies in the tourism research fields.

Many issues on the implementation of sustainable tourism are focused the tourism development for environment conservation, sociocultural, and economic impacts which are desirable no matter what the advanced and developing countries may be. The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationships between partnership and network, and tourism governance, which conservation and use are associated with desirable redevelopment of North-Port in Busan, Korea.Concern is with conciliating partnership to apply with redevelopment process by constructing network to measure the effect of sustainability. In this context research problems are raised as follows: (1) to formulate partnership of construction network for sustainable tourism development and tourism governance. (2) to identify the roles between partnership and network and tourism governance of North-Port in Busan, Korea.Major findings are as follows: First, we can see that the tourism governance has relationships with the importance. The planners and managers for North-Port redevelopment have accordance to meet partnership and tourism network. Second, the staff’s attitudes have difference with the importance. That is, the staff needs are revealed a great of partnership and network.

The purpose of this study was to find out the causes and structure of conflict among stakeholders which occurred in the development process of Muju tourism-leisure style enterprise city, using emic and etic approaches. As to use emic and etic approaches, basically from linguistics using ethnographic perspective, this study could find the local culture and social representation from insider's view and outsider's view, interviewing 6 stakeholders, observing their behaviors and social atmosphere of local villages, and reviewing some materials related to the enterprise city plan. As the emic is related to insider's view, so the etic is outsider's view. The results of this study showed that the residents on developing site had different thoughts and responses on the development process of the enterprise city, compared it to the propulsive bodies including 'private corporation leading the development', 'local government', and 'central government'. This different recognition was resulted from deconstruction of residents' inherent community base, probable threat of their subsistence, and lack of transparent communication on the information of developing the enterprise city between the residents and the propulsive bodies, which influenced the failure to construct confidence between the stakeholders.

The study is to analyze Chinese visitors to Korea for developing Tourism Leisure Cities(TLCs), TLCs are business-led urban development conceived with the goal of developing an urban area with core functional areas in tourism, research and residential districts dedicated to housing, education, healthcare and cultural pursuits. Three pilot projects include Muju, Taean, and Southwest coast TLCs. In order to attract Chinese visitors to TLCs, their structural and behavioral patterns should be concerned. Looking at 10 or 20 years, possible introduction facilities, programs and management/marketing plan should be established in terms of current and laten needs and desires perceived by Chinese consumers. It is recommended that TLCs develop systems for policy/institutional support, destination development, demand creation, quality control and effective management

The purpose of the study is to explore the relationship between causes and effects of conflict taken place during the tourism development process. Through the review of previous studies, four common sources of conflicts were identified: goal divergence, competition for scarce resources, role discordance, and ineffective communication. Conflict outcomes can be regarded as the result of interaction between stakeholders and can be measured in terms of quality of the relationship among stakeholders.Data for this study were collected from local residents who are the major stakeholders of local tourism development. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling.The results of this study showed the nature of the relationship between sources and outcomes of conflicts. First, sources of conflict were related to levels of conflict. Competition for scarce resources, ineffective communication, and goal divergence had positive effect on levels of conflict. Second, as level of conflict increases, quality of relationship among stakeholders was deteriorated. The level of conflict had negative effects on the quality of relationship measured in terms of satisfaction and trust level.

The purpose of this research is to find out the factors and typology of attracting strategies of mega-events, especially World Exposition. To attract World Exposition is dependent upon various factors and circumstances on attracting activities. According to the competitive environment on attracting activities of World Exposition, the effectiveness of a bidding strategy affects on the success in hosting World ExpositionSpecially, since the success in attracting World Exposition is dependent upon the strategy of the host city and country, it is imperative to develope an efficient system for attracting strategies on World Exposition. In this context this study presents a typology of strategies to elevate competitiveness in attracting World Exposition.

This study was conducted to identify differences among the levels of satisfaction of Expo participants. Monitoring satisfaction could provide important information for the host. The researchers tried to explain cross- cultural view of participants on destination attributes through ANOVA analysis. Participants from America and Europe, who had low-power distance showed the highest satisfaction level on employ service and hospitality of residents. While Asian participants showed lower satisfaction due to power distance as previous studies. Safety, which was chosen as the most influencing factor to select destination, was the most satisfying attribute among 21 variables.

It is widely recognized that the heritage tourism is one of the emerging markets. Recently scholars and marketers in the travel and tourism areas started to show their interest in this new sector. However the researchs on heritage tourism have rarely been conducted overseas, either have in Korea been carried out. "Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes" was inscribed as a World Natural Heritage by UNESCO at the 31st World Heritage Convention on June 27, 2007. This is the first World Natural Heritage listed in Korea. The purpose of this research is to identify the perceptions of Jeju Islanders to World Heritage enrolled. For this study, spatial proximity, birthplace, attachment and involvement as tourism players were employed to find perception variances among Jeju locals. The first findings show that residents far from heritage demonstrate positive perception compared to residents who live close to heritage. The second results indicate that natives(born in Jeju) have less negative perception. The third findings represent that locals who have more attachment display positive perception on world heritage. The last reveals that Islanders who have higher degree of involvement in tourism sectors hold more favourable perception.

The purpose of this study was to find out the 'visual characteristics' which give positive influence to the tourist attitude and to the tourist destination itself by asking people's preference for hardware surroundings. 33 images of the hardware surroundings, such as color, height of the view, form of architecture, landscape factors, number of visitors were made by using simulation techniques. Through two times of survey, visual preference for these images were measured by 197 subjects who participated in this study. The results were as follows: 1) Color: people preferred the color which makes harmony with other surroundings. 2) Height of the view: lower height such as 1.5m, 10m were preferred than 20m. 3) Form of architecture: curved form was perferred than the linear form. 4) Landscape factors: natural factors such as trees and water was preferred. 5) Number of visitors: the image composed with a few visitors wasn't preferred.

Highly safe and comfortable long distance journey has become possible due to various factors in these days, so that people's interest and participation on tourism have increased, and tourism became one of the core life styles of people today. These booming trends of travel and tourism needs a careful scrutiny on how travelers and tourists have their attitudes and intentions through the perceptive image of the destinations. This paper examines the formation process of destination images based on the tourist behavior of oversea's tour, and attempts to investigate direct and indirect impact on tourist’s attitude toward destinations and the intension of word-of-mouth communication by employing the construct of cognitive and affective image about destination after visiting. The results show that there is an inter- relation in terms of influences among cognitive image, affective image and tourists' attitude and the intension of word-of-mouth communications. An important implication is that it is crucial to not only equip with physical facilities and develop destinations' natural resources effectively, but also to device various events or festival-like programs for fulfilling tourists' affective image of the destination.

The purpose of this study is to develop Impact Management System for Cave Tourism(IMSCT) in major show cave in Korea. IMSCT was based on IMSTD which was developed for tourism destination in Korea to address carrying capacity associated with visitation-related resource impacts and quality of visitors' experiences.The steps of IMSCT process are also dealing with carrying capacity in terms of the quality of the resources and the visitors' experience. These contain a prescription for desired future resource and social conditions, defining what levels of use are appropriate. The process addresses three basic issues relating to impacts: problem conditions, potential causal factors, and potential management strategies and monitoring in perspectives of stake holders.This research confirms implications of cave management through IMSCT and gives suggestions as follows: 1) correcting and advancing in cave management knowledge, 2) educating cave tourist and cave manager to protect cave, and 3) applying IMSCT before and after opening show caves.

This article is to analyze participants' motivation of fishing village tourism, offering an information needed to establish marketing strategy. This study is to find out the participants' motivation and examine its demographic and activity background. The data for this study were collected from a questionnaire survey of Fishing Village Experience Tourism participants. The result are as follows. First, as participants' motivation of Fishing Village Experience Tourism "marine reports", "new experience", "to enjoy nature environment and escape from routine life", "to experience fishing village culture", "socialization", "to buy, eat and picking sea products" and "family togetherness" were extracted. Second, it was found that the participants’ motivation of fishing village tourism was varied according to demographic and activity characteristics.

Submarine Tourism is meaningful in that it expanded vertical expansion of marine tourism boundary. Still suffering from untapped market situation, submarine tourism is expected to be a catalyst for revitalization of overall marine tourism with legacy of sea stories. As a way to revitalize submarine tourism, this research focused on on-line storytelling marketing of the tourism provider's web-site. Tourism web-site is important since it is the first connection with IT-savvy potential tourists, it simulates intangible tourism product through the text, image and motion picture and provides plentiful stories before tourist visit tourism destination. To verify what is the effective on-line storytelling, we suggested four elements, message, conflict, character, plot and analyzed the eight domestic and overseas submarine tourism providers' web-sites. Best practice of web-storytelling are suggested and expected to provide managerial implication for practitioners.

The purposes of this study were to determine the extent of conflicts between skiers and snowboarders and to test the relevant effects of various determinants of conflict. Survey data were obtained from 246 visitors at Mujoo Resort in December. Anova and multiple regression analysis were used to investigate perceived conflict differences and the effects of predictors on both out-group and in-group.The results identified skiers reported more unacceptable behaviors by snowboarders. Perceived skill levels increased, out-group and in-group conflicts increased for both skiers and snowboarders. The relative influence of the predictors differently varied in skier and snowboard. The number of own ski devices was the most prominent predictor of conflicts for skiers at the .05 level, followed by social courtesy, and place attachment.

Golfers or potential golfers could be divided according to the benefits they seek in a golf resort class or specific resort. Benefit Sought segmentation can be used in golf resort design, advertising, pricing and distribution decisions to better reach the golf resort market. The purpose of this paper is to explore the golfer's benefits and examine some clusters to describe the characteristics of each segment. The data was obtained from survey to 261 golfers just finished their golf tour in Jeju airport and analyzed using statistical methods such as frequent analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that Jeju golf resort market was comprised of big four segments in terms of benefits sought by golfers. Each cluster was described in detail to reveal the overall demographic and behavioral traits. The findings could be used to develop the target marketing strategies in stagnating Jeju golf resort industry.

The purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of the frequency of tourists' revisit to the Jeju region. The sample was drawn from domestic tourists visiting the Jeju region in Korea. Ordinal regression analysis was employed for this study; the independent variable was the frequency of visit.The results indicated that 'shopping and night life' among the motivation factors significantly contributed to the frequency of visit. The results also may support the development project to establish a complex shopping mall and make the entire Jeju region tax free.

This study is to explore the relationship between social class and mode of leisure consumption. Especially, it is to focus on critical review of Rojek's statement that leisure in modern life has no longer relation with social class, which resulted from the change of leisure pattern to privatization, individuation commercialization and pacification. Based on the critical review of his work, the researcher comes to a conclusion with follows. Firstly, society is formed on various distinctive criteria like class, race, age, sex, etc. Secondly, the study of the relation between class and leisure is centered on class distinction with the consideration of sex, age and ethnicity among other distinction- making criteria. Therefore, the author suggests that the core subject on the relation between class and leisure should be turned to the premise, social actors consume the leisure, actively or passively with conforming to their social classes they belong to.

This study proposed to examine the effects of service recovery on customer's satisfaction, re-purchase intention and positive word-of-mouth, and to examine cross-cultural differences which mainly focus on individualism- collectivism in air service industry.Results from this study suggest followings:First, the perceived recovery performance of procedural justice, distributive justice, interactional justice for service recovery significantly effects on customer's satisfaction. They also showed that the higher the satisfaction, the higher purchase intention, positive word-of-mouth.Second, in an examination of perceived recovery performance, satisfaction, behavior intentions between two cultural contexts, individual and collective consumer have no significant differences except three hypotheses.Third, the study revealed that there was significant difference between compensation and explanation, apology. In case of explanation and apology, customer's perceived recovery performance, satisfaction, behavior intention is higher than that of economic compensation.

As for educational environment, Korea has great educational zeal and the highest IT infrastructure environment. Now e-learning has firmly established as an educational means in university and a means of lifelong education. At this point, this study is planned to identify if there is a difference in flow experience and learner's satisfaction when e-learning and blended learning are applied to tourism education. As a result, there is no significant difference in flow experience and learner's satisfaction between the two groups that study e-learning and blended learning. In particular, if e-learners have definite learning motivation and satisfactory contents are provided, the e-learners' flow experience will be higher and they will gain satisfactory learning effect.