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This study was aimed to evaluate optimal market mixes to minimize the instability of international tourist market demand. An empirical analysis was applied to inbound tourists to Korean. Korea can play a role as one of important tourist destinations. The conclusion shed light on diversification in international tourism market and offer tourism authorities and policy-makers useful direction for risk evaluation in the tourist destination planning process. Therefore, using rational portfolio mixes with various return-risk options can facilitate a more stable pattern of arrivals from foreign continents. To achieve the rational international tourism market mixes, the tourism concerned party should take the high-return & high-risk option and shift available resources to five continents. More policy implications are provided to direct tourism authorities and policy makers.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in the tourism HRD policy of central government responsible for tourism. The findings showed that HRD policy of tourism industry has radically changed before and after 1999. In 1960s and 1970s, the certification system of inbound tourism manpower was introduced. In order to cultivate outbound tourism manpower in 1990s, the participation of education institutes was permitted. In the end of 1990s, government intervention in the management and operation of the certification system and the new manpower system has drastically decreased by the deregulation policy. In 2009, some changes have been made that the management of certification exam is integrated and the manpower development is transferred to industrial associations. Due to the characteristic of the tourism industry, however, appropriate government intervention will be required in tourism HRD

This study aimed to analyse the policy network of stakeholder and the policy performance of local government. The hypothesis were examined to identify the effects of centralities and structural hole on the performance of local government. Through the social network analysis and statistical analysis, this paper identified that the structural hole in the policy networks with stakeholder contributed to improve the policy performance, which was the policy output indicator of local government. Structural features in policy network between local government and stakeholder are achieved by formal and power stakeholder. This study contribute to provide implications to researchers and practitioners. Furthermore, this study expects that main finding of this study will be useful framework for the future studies in the tourism research fields.

From this study, we found the way to resolve conflict between participants at the operation stage which is followed by development stage. The results are as follows: First, conflicts between local government and private firms could be solved by choosing alternative way of reducing trial and error through complementing beforehand and secure competitiveness by selective and concentration methods. Second, conflicts between local government and city and county governments could be solved by fair and clear selection procedure. Third, conflicts between local government and research institutes could be solved by removing adverse factors through local government's complete verification process. Forth, conflicts between local government and universities could be solved by selecting fair and clear competition in selecting human resource development institute. Fifth, conflicts between local govern- ment and private leaders could be compromised by agreement on supporting enhanced service, develop product program, contents development.

This study intend to devising marketing strategies for promoting Jeollabuk- do as a travel destination in huge travel market of China. To achieve this purpose, a secondary data including tourism statistical data published by the government and web site have been used. Marketing goals and strategies to attracte Chinese travelers into Jeollabuk-do were suggested based on the analysis of tourism resources. The marketing strategies discussed in the study are as follows: 1) Pre-stage: A newly developed tourism brand was introduced to execute marketing strategies, 2) Stage 1: A strategy for utilizing tourism resources to draw more Chinese visitors to Jeollabuk-do, 3) Stage 2: A strategy for developing new tourism products for Chinese visitors, 4) Stage 3: A strategy for selling tourism products and providing human services.

The purpose of this study was to analyze conflict factors of tourism developmental process in Muju, Taean, and Youngam․Haenam based on local residents and local levels of government. Data was analyzed by mean, percentile, t-test, oneway-ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression. The major findings of this study were as follow; first, a main cause of conflict was a significant difference according to sex and age. Second, a solving cause of conflict was a significant difference according to age, educational background, and residential area. Third, Youngam and Haenam were less conflict and Muju was much conflict. Fourth, there was a same opinion about a main cause of conflict in local officials and local residents. Fifth, there ware a better solutions with compromise than solutions with oppression in order to improve tourism developmental conflict.

This study set out to investigate an institution to form a tourism and recreation system and examine the institutional characteristics and outcomes of Japan's national government parks. As a result, the national government parks were characterized in two significant ways in terms of institutional operations: first, they dealt with the large-scale natural features and resources of the nation and her regions. They also grew to represent their own regions as natural features and resources of certain themes by preserving and developing the resources in a specialized manner through powerful zoning. And secondly, such efforts of developing the resources were made as part of local making through exchange networks and experiential learning, which made the parks themselves bases for exchange promotions. In addition, there were multifaceted efforts including the private sector's operating certain facilities and institutions to identify specialized attractions and efforts to facilitate those operations. As such a developmental approach worked as a new base of attraction, the national government parks served as essential bases for the citizens' recreational and tourist activities.

This study intends to analyze the integrated M&E system(monitoring & evaluation system) of rural tourism villages each development step using AHP(analytic hierarchy process). The Researchers investigated the items for monitoring and evaluation by reviewing related literature and conducted two questionnaire surveys to experts, professors, and so on, to determine main items and relative importance among several items. Broadly, three monitoring items and five evaluation items were determined such as planning, project process and rural residents on project processing step, and project performance, produce, rural residents, customer and rural environment on project completion step. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: The highest ranked item was the rural residents, followed by project process, planning on project processing step. On the other hand, customer was the highest ranked item, followed by rural residents, rural environment, project performance and finally produce. It was suggested that further research should be carried out to develop more objective, simpler monitoring & evaluation indexes.

The purpose of study was to suggest the findings on the division and difference about potential night tourists' segment market by night tour attribute. The data ware obtained from survey of 323 tourists in Jeju airport and used statistical methods such as frequent analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis. As a result of the cluster analysis based on night tour attributes, three groups were classified: high-favor, moderator, and low-favor. Based on demographic variables, night tour related variables, we identified how these variable influence on each of three segmented markets. The results showed that each cluster was described in detail to reveal the overall demographic and behavioral traits. The result of this study will be useful for the tourism marketer which gave needs to establish the marketing strategies.

Medical tourism can be defined as the act of 'leaving home' for medical treatment and care domestically or abroad. It can be viewed as an emerging phenomenon in the health care industry. It reflects consumers' desire for health, beauty, and well-being. The purpose of this study is to look into matters related to participation by Korean, Chinese and Japanese visitors in Jeju medical tourism. It aims to describe cultural differences among them and how those differences affect their pursuit of medical tourism. The research result illustrates that significant differences exist in how Koreans, Chinese and Japanese visitors view choice factors, discomfort factors, and preferred care items. It also shows that how the group view choice factors, discomfort factors, and preferred care items. The study established detailed factors regarding medical tourism. Based on these findings, differences of participation intention and behaviors among the three groups are explained. From this, the study meaningfully describes the fractionized characteristics of medical tourism.

This study aims to grasp the festival evaluation factors, to analyze the effects on the festival evaluation factors to overall satisfaction and to revisit intention, concerning the 2008 Hoengseong Hanu Festival as a local festival. To conduct an empirical research, the surveys has been executed with a questionnaire, 187 questionnaires were collected out of total 200 samples while 13 questionnaire were of eliminated due to missing items and illogical answers. The research was conducted through frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis using SPSS 10.0 and confirmatory factor analysis, covariance structure analysis using Amos 4.01. As a result of verifying hypothesis, all hypotheses were adopted. The results indicated that festival evaluation factors ware deeply related with overall satisfaction, which was related with revisiting intention.

This paper is to investigate an effect of the travel service satisfaction on destination images by the individual values. For this, firstly, tourists are segmented according to individual values, and then, it is examined that there are significant differences in travel service satisfaction which they chose and travel service satisfaction on regional images and country images by the individual value groups. In order to conduct this study, Japanese tourists who have visited Jeju ware selected as subjects. From the survey, a total of 671 useful samples were collected and analyzed in SPSS 12.0 for Window. As a result of the research, it appeared that individual value factors are divided into internal and external. Findings are showed that the effect of the travel service satisfaction on destination images by the individual values were significant differences.

This study was conducted to identify psychological experience that the incentive trip participants have had while traveling a certain area and the impact on the organizational job performance and psychological experience in terms of the incentive trip participation program. Many countries have been utilizing the incentive trip participation program as a means of motivation in order to achieve the objective of organization. In the result of the study, the psychological experience was classified with three factors. It was shown that these factors had a positive impact on the organizational job performance as well as the personal job performance.

Convention Information portal that is a kind of collaborative network system has recently emerged. However it is very difficult to provide a widespread solution that would enable convention professionals to capture and exchange information in convention information portal developed by CVB and KNTO. In this context, the purpose of this study is to develop the major variables in information capturing process of convention professionals. It aims to develop the paradigm model by ground theory approach, present research hypothesis for quantitative research and propose a guideline for convention information portal building which have not been treated as a research topic in the domestic convention areas sofar.

This paper is to examine the effects of apology methods on tourists' perceived trueness and image restoration toward the golf resort induced to agricultural chemical contamination. Apology contents were obtained from the frequently used image restoration strategy. Data were collected through onsite interviews of 250 tourists in Bomoon Resort. Hypothetical apology messages such as denial. bolstering, differentiation, transcendence, and compensation, were created through 8 scenarios. The results indicated that the same patterns of determinants were evident for each of the two variables. For trueness, the most prominent part-worth coefficient was 10% donation for local residents, followed by inability to control contamination. For image restoration, the factor with the highest coefficient was also to return 10% of the profit back to local residents.

The study is to develop a brand personality scale for the tourism destination. The study adopted both quantitative (empirical survey) and qualitative research (Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique). The brand personality scale for the tourism destination is based on the five underlying dimensions of brand personality: sophisticated(flutter, variety, attractive, new, exotic, interesting), competent (modern, passionate, dynamic, sociable, luxurious, active), comfortable (comfortable, affluent, relaxative, peaceful, humane, natural, refreshing), unique (symbolic, famous, cultural, inquisitive). Brand personality for the tourism destination can be evaluated with 7-point scale with respect to each brand personality of any tourism destination. The study will make contributions to academic achievement of tourism destination study as well as practical tourism destination marketing in terms of exploring differentiation strategy for the sustainable competitive advantage.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the general characteristics, number and types of errors in references in Journal of Tourism Sciences. 1,654 references were divided into books, articles, thesis/dissertation, and proceedings and reviewed. Research findings reveal that a considerable error rate in the references(47.6%) was identified. Of 1,654 references, major errors such as misspelled or omitted author names, which prevent the rapid retrieval of information, occurred in 537(32.5%) of the references. Minor errors such as misspelled or omitted subtitles occurred at the rate of 36%(595). The study discusses the implications of the results and suggest future research topics.

Researchers have been interested in ecotourists' characteristics and their impacts. However, there are not many study results to identify visitors themselves on ecotourism destination or to make typology of ecotourists. The purpose of this study was to develop a motivational profile of a distinct segment of tourists who visited archipelago Galápagos. The study used a factor analysis and confirmed five dimensions of tourism motivation; ‘observations of nature setting’, ‘learning and experience’, ‘relaxing’, ‘being in nature setting’, and ‘adventure’. From the scales, three clusters were identified; ‘nature tourists’, ‘learning tourists’, and ‘ecotourists’. This study found some differences among these tour types in the ecotourism destination. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are also discussed.

The purpose of this article is to test the impact of servicescape on the satisfaction and behavioral intention of visitors in festival settings. Bitner's (1992) servicescape and Baker's(1987) physical environment frameworks serve as models for studying on how the visitors perceive physical and social environment in festival settings. The key findings of this article are as fallow. (1) The servicescape of festival settings consist of seven factors, two ambient factors, four design factors and one social factor. (2) The service people and the symbolic design of the festival have a strong impact on the perceived servicescape.(3) The perceived servicescape has an direct impact on the satisfaction of the festival visitors, but has a indirect impact on the behavioral intentions of them through satisfaction.

This study is to evaluate the economic value of Taejongdae, a well known natural resources in Busan, using the Double-bounded dichotomous choice Contingent Valuation Method(CVM). Hanemann's methods were adopted to calculate willingness to pay. Previous researches in Korea had been investigated in order to find out an optimal CVM for the natural resources. Based on the previous researches, not only the relationship between the market scale and the population of the research object but also the variables which had influence on the total amount of willingness to pay were estimated. As a result, the variables which had an effect on the willingness to pay were as follows; the number of annual visit, the visit satisfaction for Taejongdae, the number of family, and the travel time. This study showed that the amount of willingness to pay for Taejongdae was 3,559 Korean Won per person per visit as a non-market value and whole annual non-market value was slightly over 40 million Korean won.