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This study examines the politicalization of tourism research by closely looking at the change in the meaning of green tourism in Korea over the last several years. Data were collected from technical reports, news papers, journal papers, and textbooks. Result of a critical review of the related literature showed that in Korean tourism academy, like in Japan. green tourism has been considered as almost same thing with rural tourism. However, after current administration's declaration of 'low carbon green growth policy in 2008, this meaning of green tourism has been significantly changed. Particularly, the meaning and usage of green tourism is being extended as an environment friendly tourism and a tool of 'low carbon and green growth' policy. Based on the power-knowledge theory of Michel Foucault, this study explains this transition process from the view point of political consideration.

This paper is to examine the change in the concept and terminology of ‘green growth’ and ‘green tourism' in Korea. The meaning of green tourism is being changed under current Korean government and the most difficult problem of the new concept of green tourism is that green tourism and green growth are being considered even more broader concepts than those of the sustainable development and sustainable tourism. This is problematic because the goal of green growth is foremost economic development, while the goals of sustainable development include economic and social progress, protection of the environment and use of natural resources. In this regard, this paper proposes that the concept and meaning of the sustainable development and sustainable tourism is superior and broader than green growth and green tourism. It also stands on that the developing of new concept and terminology should be formed from the structure of synchronie and diachronic.

Based on a close look at the meaning of speculation(i.e.,speculative characteristics of gambling), this study reinterpreted gambling as a spectrum from a play to an addictive activity. After a categorization of gamblers and a review of individual and social factors underlying gambling addiction, the meaning of speculation was interpreted both from a play and gambling perspective. From the entertainment culture or play perspective, gambling could be defined as a voluntary activity, pastime and relaxation, while it could be characterized as a game of luck and way of earning money from the gambling perspective. Finally, this study proposed a conceptual approach to play and gambling in gambling leisure activity and suggested the necessity of future research on the moderating factors which could hinder gambling addiction.

This study explored the role and experiences of civil society of Jeonju city in its effort to make the city as a city of creativity. Using in-dept interviews, data were collected from 11 people of Jeonju city, which included NGO staff, city officials, professors. Results showed that after the 2002 Japan-Korea world cup, the host community of Jeonju city recognized the tourist gaze of Korean people on the city, which was shaped by mass media during the event and viewed the city as a city of tradition. Then, Jeonju city have made an effort to develop the city a s a city of Korean traditional culture. Results from the in depth interviews and review of related literature also showed that the civil society took the lead in the creative change of the city with introducing various cultural-activities and promoting them. However, the civil society did not recognize the positive effect of the tourism in the development of the traditional culture, suggesting that the civil society still has stereotypes about the tourism industry.

This study explored the impact of tourists' satisfaction on industrial tourism products in a local province on their attitude toward product brand equity and regional brand equity. Data were collected from 283 tourists at two villages(i.e., Sunchang and Imsil) in Jeonbuk province. Results showed that tourists' level of satisfaction on the industrial tourism products were positively associated with their attitude toward product brand equity and regional brand equity. In particular, two of the three dimensions of satisfaction(i.e., evaluative and practical factors) tended to impact on the product and regional brand equity. Results also indicated that the tourists's attitude toward the brand equity of the products has a positive effect on regional brand equity. Findings of this study suggests that industrial tourism could contributes to development of regional economy and regional identity when it joins vernacular industry.

Based on a critical review of Korean central and local government's previous policy on the establishments of Jeollabuk-Do as an integrated cultural area, this study suggested a new integrated cultural area of Jeollabuk-Do, which was named as "Traditional Cultural Area". According to diverse previous central and regional land planning, Jeollabuk-Do has been named and characterized as a specific cultural area in several different ways. For example, it was categorized as a culture area of art or Jelloa traditional culture area. However, based on the two criteria(the possibility of cultural resource specialization and historical background of the province), this study suggested a new integrated culture area of Jeollabuk-Do, which composed of five thematic sub areas. In addition, it also proposed the direction of tourism development of 14 counties of Jeollabuk-Do in conjunction with the integrated culture are development plan.

The study determines the factors that impact on tourists' food tourism behavior Particularly, based on the related literature, this study focuses on the impact of tourists' level of attachment and involvement to a places on their food tourism choice behavior. It also investigates the mediating effects of the expectancy-value which operates in between placeness and food tourism behavior. Data were collected on-line from 300 people who visited Jeollabuk-do, which is the representative place of food tourism in Korea. Results shows that both the involvement and the placeness of the tourists make significant influences on the respondents' food tourism behaviors. Results also indicate that the expectancy value has also a mediating effect. Especially, enduring involvement turns out to be the most important factor in explaining the tourists' food tourism behavior. Finding from this study suggest that the government and the marketers should be concerned about the basic elements of food tourism such as authenticity of the foods and the attractiveness of the travel destination.

This study was to investigate literary tourists' level of awareness of Jeonbuk province as a literature tourist destination and to analyze the effects visitor motivation on satisfaction and revisit intention. Data were collected from 240 tourists who visited two popular literary tourism places(i.e., choi, myeung-hee, and seo, jeong-ju's literature gallery) on May 2010. Results showed that the tourists estimated Joonbuk province as a more than average literary tourism destination. The respondents counted Seo, jeoung-ju's poem gallery(Gochang), Choi, myeung-hee's literature gallery(Jeonju), Jo, jeong- rae's a-ri-rang literature gallery(Kimjae) as the representative literary tourism places in Jeonbuk province. Results also showed that two factors of the visitor motivations(i.e., knowledge oriented & works experience' and 'leisure') made a significant impact on satisfaction and revisiting intention. However, 'visiting without special reason' factor was negatively associated with satisfaction and revisitation.

In contemporary urban areas, shopping mall has been considered as a space for spending leisure time as well as a space for buying goods. In this article, shopping mall is analyzed as a socio-cultural text from the perspective of social construction of space, which emphasizes socio-cultural meanings of a particular space rather than physical characteristics. Many scholars in the field of geography, anthropology, sociology, and recreation and leisure studies have found that shopping mall has three characteristics as a space including a post-modern space, a space of globalization and local identity, and a new public space. Based on the three characteristics about shopping malls, this article concludes that shopping mall as a urban leisure space reflects the commercialization of leisure.

This study was to examine visitors' preference toward the method of visitor dispersion and admission fee system for the perceived crowding at a traditional Buddhist temple. Data were collected through the survey of 210 participants who visited the Bulguksa on April 2010. The results indicated that the group that chose to "increase admission fees" for dispersing visitors had a higher score than other groups on perceived crowding, leisure conflict, and willing to pay extra fees. Among three groups for dispersing visitors, the group that chose a reservation was highest on admission fees. Visitors who felt a higher perceived crowdedness tended to react on keeping spatial distance from other visitors rather than finding a different time zone(temporal dispersion) to avoid the crowdedness.

This research suggests a method of developing input-output table based on the amount of greenhouse gas emission of each industry. In order to do this, first it calculates the amount of energy used in each industries. Then, it develops an environmental input-output table and estimates the direct and indirect coefficient of green-gas emission of each industries. Results shows that the highest ratio of greenhouse-gas emission among the tourism industry is air transportation(2.0% of all industries). It is followed by automobile (1.6%), accommodation(1.1%,) food service (0.2%), and other transportation (0.2%). Results also indicates that the highest coefficients of greenhouse gas emission in the tourism industry is accommodation(0.904), which is followed by air transportation(0.901), automobile (0.483), other transportation(0.147), and food service (0.017). Particularly, the direct coefficients of the accommo- dation and air transportation are the fourth and fifth out of the twenty industries respectively.

As Han Ryu, the Korean cultural wave, approaches its maturity stage, it expands its scope, beyond soap operas and pop songs(singers), into more traditional aspects such as traditional house, culture, language, arts, and life style. In the expectation of this new wave, so called, Neo-Han Ryu(NHR), this study investigates the effect of NHR on revisiting intention to Korea among Japanese and Chinese tourists who visited Korea. Ajzen & Fishbein's Theory of Planned Behavior model was employed as the conceptual framework of the study. Data were collected from 277 respondents who visited major tourist areas in Seoul in January 2010. The results of the study confirms that NHR preconditions the respondents' visiting intention through belief, attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control, the antecedents of visiting intention, and actual action. In addition, the effect of psychological involvement with NHR was found to moderate the relationships between those behavioral antecedents and visiting intention. Marketing implications and suggestions are provided for Korean destination marketing organizations.

This study investigated the relationships among slow city brand recognition, destination image and destination royalty. Using self-reported survey, data were collected from the 208 visitors of Chungsando, a Slow City in Korea, on September 2009. Results of a structural equation model(SEM) analysis showed that the slow city brand recognition made a significant direct effect on the destination loyalty, while it did not make a significant impact both on the affective and overall destination image. Results also indicated that both the affective and overall destination image influenced significantly on the destination loyalty and that the affective destination image made the most significant impact on the overall destination image. Based on the finding of this study, several marketing implications also were discussed.

This study was to examine local festival professional's cognition on the relationship between knowledge management factors and industrial performance of a local festival. Data were collected from 440 local festival professionals of City of Jeochon and Danyang, including government officials and corporate professionals, on June 2009. Results of a structural equation model analysis showed that the job performance ability, information technology, leadership, and strategy were positively associated with the knowledge sharing and knowledge creation. while the personal relationship and organization culture were not related to the knowledge sharing and creation. Results also indicated that the knowledge creation made a significant impact on the festival performance, while knowledge sharing did no. Implications and suggestions for future research were also discussed.

This study conceptualized the scopes of ethnic tourism and categorized it into three major types of ethnic tourism, namely 'general tourist cultural tourism', 'overseas resident homeland tourism', and 'migrant domestic tourism'. Then, using 288 sample of overseas residents who participated in the 2009 World Korean Festival', it investigated the reasons why overseas Koreans travel to their home country. Results of a exploratory factor analysis identified four distinct travel motivations of the participants including cultural identity, rest/convenient homeland tour, business opportunity, and visiting families/friends and relatives. Results also indicated that the overseas Koreans traveled to the homeland not only for the ethnic reasons, but also for the conventional motives of leisure and tourism. Based on this findings, policy and marketing implications were also discussed.

Using an importance-performance analysis(IPA), this study examined low cost carrier(LCC) passengers' evaluation on the attribute of the airline service. Data were collected from 200 Korean LCC passengers on August 2009. Results of a T-Test indicated that their was significant difference between the passengers' evaluation on the importance and performance in the variables like staff promptness, usage convenience of homepage, staff kindness and so forth. The IPA grids illustrated that the low fare, staff promptness, staff kindness, usage convenience of homepage fell into the keep up the good work quadrant, while customer service for delay, in-flight seat comfortable fell into the low priority quadrant. The study also suggested that a IPA analysis could be practically applied in identifying areas to which marketing resources should be allocated.

This study developed scales for measuring special interest tourists' behavioral aspects such as lifestyle, preferred types of SIT and attributes of destination, information source. It also developed and empirically tested the relationships between the constructs. Data were collected from 470 people who have bought products from SIT travel agencies in 2009. Results of a factor analysis suggested 5 lifestyle types such as tradition pursuit type, entertainment pursuit type, health pursuit type, society pursuit type, leisure pursuit type. The analysis also indicated four factors of preferred types of SIT such as culture, sports, environment, others SIT, four factors of preferred attributes of destination such as nature, society, culture, tourism facilities, and four factors of information sources such as internal information and three different types of external information. Finally, results of the structural equational model of the relationship among the construct suggested good fitness indexes.

This study aimed to compare the structural relationships among gambling motivation, gambling passion, emotion, and behavioral intentions to gamble between recreation gamblers(RG) and pathological gamblers(PG). Data were collected from 200 recreational gamblers and 200 pathological gamblers who were selected purposively by a survey research agency on March 2010. The results from the structural equation modeling analysis indicated that there were significant effect of extrinsic motivations on obsessive passion for PG, and significant effect of intrinsic motivation on harmonious passion for RG. Further, PG showed strong effect of obsessive passion on negative emotion, whereas RG had significant effect of harmonious passion on positive emotion. It is interesting to note that behavioral intention was only determined by positive affective attitude(harmonious passion and positive emotion) for RG, while PG's behavioral intention was not determined by volitional process.

This article analysed the curricula of the tourism related majors, and proposed ways to enhance intercultural communication competence of tourism students. As the first step, the concept of the intercultural communication competence was explored through an extensive literature review. Then the tourism curricula of the universities in Korea were analyzed from the perspective of intercultural communication. The analysis of the curricula revealed that there were very few courses which focused on intercultural communication, and tourism English could take the role of teaching intercultural communication. Based on the analysis of tourism English curricula, suggestions were made in relation to course objectives, curriculum development, textbook development and the research needs to obtain a status as the English for Specific Purposes(ESP). Limitations of the study were also presented.