KJC Korea
Journal Central

The aim of our research is to study, using the method by Edward Said’s cultural theory ‘orientalism’ the cultural trend of western ‘modernity’ which became increasing imported during the Japanese rule-era, and its influence on the association of leisure in South Korea. Specifically, we find the fact that Korean leisure pattern reflects how the Intelligentsia in the Japanese colonial era adopted the occidental culture. It is because that was when the western style leisure, in the name of ‘modernity’, was introduced to Korea (mainly to elite group though) in full force. But, the concept ‘modernity’ was spread into Korean people’s daily life often in a more twisted fashion, and westernized leisure patterns became rooted in Korean society by Japanese transformation. Especially, the Intelligentsia came to recognize the superiority of the occidental leisure to Korean one. In other words, the modernity went through ‘Acculturation’, as transformed through Japanese-style orientalism. As a consequence, the Korean modern-leisure pattern was formed with complex relations among modernity and Japanese colonialism, which appeared to have influenced even today’s Korean leisure and tour patterns.

Work time reduction is one of the pending issues in social debate in Korea, and Schor and Cross' notion of 'time and money' provides an apt framework for analysis on this topic. While increased productivity made possible both increased income and reduction of work time, historically the distribution of productivity gains has been heavily biased toward the former. And behind the win of money over time, according to thinkers like Schor and Cross, is the growth-centered value system and strong consumer culture of modern industrialized society. Such an argument signifies that at the core of the debate of work time reduction is the issue of economic growth rather than such issues as quality of life and work sharing. In other words, while the debate of work time reduction in Korea has focused on the latter issues, the real progress in the reduction of work time could be achieved when we are willing to compromise economic growth. as the most important public objective. Work time reduction, however, does not merely mean some quantitative change in a narrow facet of our life but rather fundamental changes in our actions and values and social institution in general. Social debate of work time reduction should include such considerations.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among leisure identity, self-as-entertainment capacity, and leisure satisfaction. Three hundred nine urban park visitors in Seoul were surveyed in the study. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, reliability test, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Additionally, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was also used to examine the relationships between the measurement variables using the AMOS 18.0 program. The findings indicate that leisure identity had a significant effect on leisure satisfaction. There is also a positive, significant relationship between leisure identity and self-as-entertainment capacity; and a positive, significant relationship between self-as-entertainment capacity and leisure satisfaction was found in this study. The SEM results identify the structural relationships among leisure identity, self-as-entertainment capacity, and leisure satisfaction. Future studies are a necessary to understand the hypothesized model of relationships between measurement variables from qualitative and longitudinal approaches.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the meanings of screen golf that is typically conducted in the virtual reality using Baudrillarda’s Simulacra Concept. In addition, this research analyzes screen golfers’ leisure experiences and their existential authenticity. According to the result of this study, screen golf is seen as a vehicle that forces ‘the golf as a reality’ to make it possible in ‘the virtual reality’. Also, the results show that screen golf is to fulfill participants’ desire for golf. Similarly, screen golfers use virtual reality as a leisure tool for interacting with colleagues, and through this interaction, they seek to gain a sense of achievement, curiosity, concentration, fun, intimacy, and a sense of connection. Screen golfers, thus, put a value on their strong feelings coming from the act in the virtual reality and are able to experience the existential authenticity by reacting to the stimulations delivered from their five senses. This study contributes to the field of tourism in two ways: First, it supports the idea of which the virtual reality provides people with a leisure experience as a satisfactory substitute for the reality; and Second, it examines the existential authenticity by taking an empirical approach.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the leisure awareness of korean adult males aged twenty to late-forties and their corresponding health status. Health conditions including high perceived stress rates, obesity, high smoking rates, and low happiness rates have hampered the health and vitality of Korean adult males in recent decades. Leisure awareness is recognized as an influencing factor towards a healthy lifestyle. However, few research has yet to be conducted. In this study, leisure awareness is further defined to include leisure attitude, leisure knowledge, and leisure skill. There were statistically meaningful relationships identified between leisure awareness and health. Leisure skill among the leisure awareness variables was found to have the strongest impact on both psychological and perceived physical health.. However, the mean of leisure skill showed the lowest points among the other leisure awareness factors. The research indicates that enhancement of leisure skill is suggested to promote healthy leisure lifestyle participation for korean male in their twenties to forties.

The purpose of this research is to identify relationship between leisure life and Subjective happiness in non-delinquent and delinquent youth. In this pursuit, we carried out a research non-delinquent and delinquent youth in order to identify how they differ in leisure motive, leisure constraints, leisure satisfaction, and how these constructs are mutually affected. The results of the study are as followings. Firstly, leisure motive among youth can be categorized into four main causes; social, psychological, educational, physical factors; Leisure constraints among youth can be classified under three factors; personal, social and structural factors. Leisure satisfaction into five factors; social, psychological, educational, physical, and esthetic factors. Subjective happiness is classified into three different forms; satisfaction, positive․negative feeling. Secondly, Leisure motives, leisure constraint, educational and psychological satisfaction vary depending on type of student. Thirdly, In the effect relations analysis between leisure motives, leisure constraints, leisure satisfaction, positive feeling and negative feeling, it is found that these have significant influences on both non-delinquent and delinquent youth.

By examining the effects of leisure activity among adolescents has on leisure satisfaction, and consequently, the effects that leisure satisfaction has on self-esteem and quality of life, this study identifies and confirms the link between leisure activities and the establishment of a sound and healthy leisure culture for adolescents. Two hundred and forty four middle school students were surveyed. SPSS 12.0, AMOS 7.0 program was used to analyse the data. The results of the study are as follows: First, it showed that leisure activities had a positive effect on leisure satisfaction; Second, leisure satisfaction had a positive effect on self-esteem; Third, leisure satisfaction had a positive effect on quality of life; and Lastly, self-esteem had a positive effect on quality of life. These findings run consistent with numerous reported studies on this subject, and as such, bring attention to the need for increased leisure facilities program for adolescents continuous leisure activity participation. In addition, proper leisure education is needed to increase self-esteem and quality of life.

This study explores perceived leisure constraints of North Korean defectors using qualitative research approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 North Korean defectors residing in Korea to solicit information pertaining to various leisure constraints they experience. The results show that the prominent leisure constraints among participants fall into intra-, inter-, and structural categories in accordance with the existing constraints theory. Intra-personal constraints include anxiety and survivor guilt which act on suppressing the fundamental desire to participate in any type of leisure activities. Inter-personal constraints indicate the lack of leisure partners and dilemma in establishing a social relationship with other North Korean defectors. Lastly, the structural constraints include the deficiency of money and time, which is typically found in any new immigrants groups. It was also found that the gap between respondents social identity and self-identity deters them from participating in public leisure events. Implications for public policy pertain to devising a supporting system to help this population overcome existing psychological barriers and to construct a desired social identity.

The purpose of this study is to identify the differences in leisure activities on acculturation types of foreign women married to korean man and the effect of leisure activities on leisure satisfaction. Surveys were conducted from February 14 to March 25, 2011. From a total of 330 questionnaires distributed, 280 questionnaires were used for data analysis. The results can be summarized as follows: Firstly, five factors for the acculturation were extracted which include 'marginalization', 'assimilation', 'separation', 'integration', and 'glocalization'; Secondly, three cluster groups were classified based on five factors by cluster analysis: 'A type of cultural adaptation Korea'; A type of native culture maintenance'; and 'A type of fringe'; Thirdly, there were significant differences among three groups in cultural experiential leisure and sociable leisure, while there was no significant difference among the three groups in families and friends leisure and mass media leisure. Finally, sociable leisure was the most positively influenced factor in terms of the leisure satisfaction, followed by mass media leisure, cultural experiential leisure. The findings indicate that a leisure support network is needed for improved acculturation.

The purpose of this paper was to compare recognition and culture of leisure between Korean and Chinese by Chinese students in Korea. In addition to this, reasons for the differences identified were to be further investigated. Data were collected from 18 Chinese students in Korea through an individual in-depth interview from May 2012 to June 2012 by a Chinese researcher. The findings indicated that first, the concept of the term leisure occupies different meaning between the two countries due to certain cultural characteristics. While most of the Korean leisure focused on physical activities but Chinese leisure focused on frame of mind. Second, the differences are from a geographic environment and economic situation between Korea and China. Third, the differences are from social and cultural characters. In particular, Koreans have some characteristics of leisure: groupism, job stress, and health. Finally, that the differences also arise as a result of the different leisure environments in Korea and China. This study will contribute to the understanding of characteristics and culture of leisure in Korea and China.

The purpose of the research is further examine leisure marketing data with segmentation of international markets through demographic nature of elderly people in Korea and China, and provide inspiration to the national welfare policy by comparing leisure activities and quality of lives. Based on the research, this paper constructs five types of leisure activities, cultural activities, liberal arts activities, outdoor activities, social activities, sports activities. The findings of this study are as follows: Firstly, leisure activities of the elderly between Korea and China occupy certain differences. Korean's tend to be more active in social activities, while Chinese are more active in sports activities. Secondly, according to the demographic nature, there is a difference of leisure activities of elderly people between Korea and China. Korea and China, both marital status, living arrangements, income source was based on the differences in leisure activities. Thirdly, the effects of the types of leisure activities on quality of life of elderly people are different in Korea and China. In the case of Korea, social activities give the most positive influence whereas in China, sports activities give the most positive influence quality of life.

The aim of this article is to classify cyclists’ characteristics according to their recreation specialization level and to identify differences in preferences for cycling environments amongst the sub-groups. The sample was drawn from 39 online cyclist clubs which comprise greater than 10,000 members. Cluster analysis showed that respondents were divided into categories of high, medium, and low specialization according to their behavioral, affective and cognitive dimensions of specialization. Futhermore, there were significant differences in some factors of environment preferences among three groups. The High specialization group prefers ‘connectivity with outside of cycle lane’ more than the low specialization group, while the low specialization group prefers ‘amenities’ more than the medium specialization group. The study applies recreation specialization theory towards cyclists, and measures specialization levels using multi-dimensional scales including behavioral, affective, cognitive dimensions. Consequently, the results suggest that cyclists also represents a scope of specialization.

This study aims to examine the length of stay in urban parks and to identify factors that influence the length of stay in different types of urban parks. For empirical analysis, 10 urban parks in Busan which represent three different types of forest-type, city-type, and waterfront-type were selected as study sites. A Survey of users at selected parks was conducted in 2009 and resulted in 1,466 responses. Results of study indicate statistical differences in the length of stay by urban parks. Length of stay in an urban park is significantly influenced by gender, travel time to park, perceived accessibility, size of park, frequency of visit, day of visit (weekdays/weekend), time of visiting and purpose of visit. Results also reveal that influencing factors of length of stay vary depends on the type of urban park. Variables related to the site characteristics of park such as travel time to park, perceived accessibility, and size of park are salient for the length of stay in forest-type urban parks, while socio-demographic variables (gender, age) and park use behavior variables (frequency of use, day of use) are important for waterfront type urban parks. Practical and theoretical implications of the results are addressed with the directions for future study.

The Gambling Industry provides positive benefits including the opportunity for leisure activities, expanding taxation and the vitalizing regional economies. The industry is also not without its drawbacks which may include occurrences of family and societal consequences of gambling addiction and increases crime rates. Therefore, in the trend of legalizing the gambling industry in South Korea, the government and the gambling industry in general, have responsibility to protect users from the risks associated with gambling risks, and users need to likewise protect themselves as well. Responsible Gambling is one such concept which devotes responsibility to user protection. Given the limited studies devoted to the topic; in particular, case studies, our focus was to conduct a policy establishment for Responsible Gambling including prevention programs and electric card system that could potentially be implemented in domestically through advanced research on the subject on-site surveys conducted domestically. The findings indicate that that a prevention policy is urgently needed according to the result of in-depth interviews and deduced implications regarding the establishment of responsible gambling practices.

For this study, semiological Analysis was applied based on existing local festival valuation criteria statements using an evaluation index of Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism aimed to make festival quality improvement valuation with various methodological approaches. Data were collected from January to December 2011. The reason of applying semiological analysis for research method is because adjectives which show festival attributes were frequently used by the six specialists who were involved in making the original report for festival valuation. For semiological analysis, extened theory of isotopie concept of A. J. Greimas and semantic creation modeling of R. Barthes were adopted. The new results of semiological analysis indicate the following; First, the festival valuation were indicated with a very simple image, 'pleasant/ unpleasant; Second. it showed the contradiction at service dimension between preciousness of environment and inconvenience semantically; and Third, it was able to analyze the process of conceptualizing of festival attributes such as 'availability' and 'initiative'. The results of this study are intended to benefit local festival's valuation.