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Although scholars have been increasingly conducting qualitative research in Tourism since the end of 1990s in Korea, discussions on research methodology of qualitative studies have been rare. The purpose of this study was to analyze qualitative research methodology used in articles published in Journal of Tourism Sciences from 1997-2011. Thirty eight published articles using interviews and observation as main data collection methods were identified for analysis. Six categories such as description of research participants, sampling method, criteria and reason of participants selection, participants' consent, data collection method, data analysis method, and trustworthiness of data were analyzed. Findings from the research imply that there leaves room for improvement in each of the above six categories; especially as it pertains to participants' consent and the trustworthiness of the data. For the improvement of future qualitative research in the tourism field, the study concludes with implications of research findings related to the points of researchers, schools, and research societies, respectively.

Recently, the Northeast Asia, which includes China, Japan and Korea, has become one of the top three regions for trade and, therefore, is being recognized as a key hub for the global economy. Meanwhile, tourism not only improves the economy, but also enhances mutual understanding through interchange and implied cultural functions. Connected to this development, the promotion of the tourism industry will foster South Korea’s positioning in the Northeast Asian economy, greatly supporting the nation’s future progress. Taking the above into consideration, there is a need to carefully scrutinize the roles of tourism in Northeast Asia for the management of the future of Korea. The research objective of the paper is to look for the roles of tourism to realize a ‘Northeast Asia Peace Community’, and to promote the world peace and integration. It is urgent that the current Korean government should change its strategic position toward North from a hawkish approach to a more engagement- oriented one dealing with both cooperation issue and nuclear issue at the same time.

The history of tourism is important not only in its own right, but also as a contributor to wider and deeper studies in tourism. This paper offers an interdisciplinary perspective of tourism history research, and explores some of the methodological approaches surrounding tourism history. It is a carefully crafted study: a 'new cultural history', as the subtitle proclaims, seeking to improve tourism research through history. The emergence of a new cultural history that began in the Annales approach are introduced. The Annales approaches attempt a fuller more whole and complex way to viewing history and of dissolving boundaries between disciplines. The movement has continued to grow and expand, and carried on a new cultural history. This paper examines the contribution of a new cultural history to the understanding of tourism. The paper is organized as follows. First, current research trends and performance of tourism history studies are analyzed and summarized. Trends that took place in the history of academia and tourism then presented, and the difference of the approach is investigated. The paper concludes with the current state of emergent tourism history, research in the field, and suggestions for future research in the context of the new cultural history.

This study aimed at learning the periodical recognition of Korea tourism through content analysis of newspaper articles. A total of 1,034 newspaper articles from January 1960 to September 2010 were analyzed. By adopting the qualitative research method of Spradley, classification standards were developed. From this review, 9 analysis categories (International tourism, national domestic tourism, tourism development, tourism research, tourism information, tourism administration, tourism industry, North Korea tourism, the World Tourism Industry) were reviewed, from which the articles were content analyzed. The result of the study indicate that the periodical recognition of 1960s was acquiring foreign currency, that of 1970s was acquiring currency and raising national status, and that of 1980s was raising national status, re-distributing incomes, and enjoying leisure time and refreshing, and that of 2000s was acquiring foreign currency, raising national status, enjoying leisure time, activating local economy, and internationalizing locals. This study provides the basis for enlarging the width of understanding of tourism in Korea.

Psychic distance is a subjective and comparative concept, which leads each individual to experience different levels of psychic distance towards identified constructs. Prior research suggests that psychic distance affects individual behaviour in various ways. Despite its significance, however, very little is known about factors which influence psychic distance in tourism. By utilizing qualitative research means, this study investigated attributes that affect tourists’ psychic distance impacted in overseas holiday experiences. With this aim, focus group interviews were conducted with South Korean tourists. This study used content analyses to analyze the interview data. Three main categories were identified as a result; trust, positive feelings, and knowledge on a destination. If the culture of a host country is considered as attractive, trustable, tourists tend to have less levels of psychic distance between home and the host country. Moreover, if tourists have more knowledge on a host country, they tend to feel less psychic distance. The respective implications of the findings of this study, suggestions for future research and limitations are discussed within.

Under the current situation of the spread of information technologies and devices, social media research, especially within the areas of tourism and hospitality industry, has recently started. The study aims to investigate the relationship between decision making and social media by identifying internet search results which show social media sites. In particular, the study attempts to employ a research design that delineates the influence of information search to tourists while they are planning travel. By adopting text mining technique, four pre-defined keywords in combination with four tourism destination names in Korea were used to collect data through search engine. The findings indicate that social media are categorized and analyzed. The results of content analysis of online tourism domain also show five types of social media: (1) online community sites; (2) blogs; (3) SNS; (4) media sharing sites; and (5) collaborative projects. This study also confirms that social media sites associate strongly with decision making of tourists when tourists search for tourism information through the search engine.

Onyang hot-spring resort was formerly used as a hot-spring cure by Kings of the Joseon Dynasty was changed into a destination visted by members of the former Japanese colonial government and by upper social class members whom visited the site for honeymoon purposes. This study conducted analysis how Onyang Hot-spring resort became an upper social class honeymoon destination under Japanese colonial rule. Onyang, in the former modern society, was an object of mimetic desire as space of sacred hot-spring cure. The colonial modern society newly reconstructed the model of mimetic desire on and space of Onyang hot-spring resort, where it became an example of a modern object of mimetic desire to persue. And hot-spring resort was also organized culturally as an admire object which served to justify Japanese colonial rule. Honeymoon is conducted by mimetic desire to play a role of sacred model Onyang hot-spring resort which became object of mimetic desire of modern society could be preferred as honeymoon destination. Preference and change as honeymoon destination can be explained by the model change of mimetic desire and cultural change of tourist gaze about destinations.

The purpose of this paper was to examine how festival stakeholders as a supply group perceive festivals and grant festival's meaning, afterward grasping the structural relationship of meaning and developing of role model. Culturally representative events, the Andong Maskdance Festival (AMF) and the New Zealand International Arts Festival (NZIAF) were compared in terms of Korean culture representation and the bringing up of local cultural arts. In addition, NZIAF also emphasized economic impact such as the contribution to the local economy. In the roles relationship, in the case of AMF, the role of the festival committee and the local government as cultural subjects was prominent. Moreover, cultural and leisure-touristic helper for central government and local businesses, cultural sender for local press and local NGO was formed. In the case of NZIAF, the Festival committee which emphasized private autogenous power was revealed as an economic and cultural subject. Economic helper for central government, local government and local press, and economic sender's role for local businesses, and leisure-touristic sender for local NGO was formed.

Local communities are increasingly exerting their efforts to attract many tourists through events such as festivals to cope with the changing leisure environment, and the current trend is to gradually increase the size of such events. However, in practice, within the academic field, there has only been research on the level of satisfaction and market segmentation with respect to festivals from the point of view of tourists or local residents. As such, there has yet to be development of a model that can be implemented to evaluate the distinct results of each local festival from the overall point of view of local residents that are socially, culturally and economically affected by the festival, the civil servants that directly operate the festivals and the tourists that participate and enjoy the benefits of the festivals. Therefore, this study identifies such issues surrounding the evaluation of local community festivals and attempts to establish a theoretical foundation for the development of a model that can be implemented to objectively evaluate the distinct results of various festivals held in each local community from the overall point of view of local residents, civil servants and tourists

This study analyzed research and policy trends of Korean national parks' resource and visitor management over the last 40 years. In particular, it examined if there were any interrelationships between the research and policy trends and how the relationships were formed. Using content analysis technique, research articles on national park resource and visitor management appearing in three major journals on national park study, including tourism science, were critically reviewed. Books and newspaper articles, which showed the history and trend of Korean national park service policy were also scrutinized. Then, the characteristics of three different periods of Korea national park research and policy were analyzed. Results of this study showed that a very close relationship between research and practice in Korea national park was found as was in the United States. Based on the findings of this study, future research directions and measures for a better cooperation between research and practice concerning Korean national parks were discussed.

The purpose of this study is to compare the gaze of Chinese tourists on the Korean residents with the gaze of Korean residents on the Chinese tourists. In order for this study to be carried out, the concept of 'mutual gaze' presented by Urry (1992) has been embraced. The result of this study shows that Chinese tourists, commonly accumulate positive perceptions on Korea and Koreans, with a belief that they have received warm hospitality during their tour experience in Korea. On the other hand, not only do Koreans share less positive perceptions towards Chinese tourists, they also regard Chinese tourists’ positive gaze as uncomfortable. This study explores the contrasting viewpoints of the two groups, and also, attributes the different forms of the gazes revealed to the influence of 'social distances' on the Chinese tourists as well as Korean residents. According to the analysis of this study, locals are less likely to be tolerant toward other cultures. At this point, it is crucial for tourism practitioners and related stakeholders to endeavor to better understand and acknowledge different cultures of foreign tourists so multicultural competences can be realized.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the research trends of coastal tourism in Anglo-American tradition based on tourism geographical approach. Despite the increasing demand on coastal tourism, geographical approach in the academic community in Korea has been rare. For the study, a literature review for selected articles and texts published since 1980 was conducted. The results indicate that the major research themes of coastal tourism in Anglo-American are conceptual studies of coastal tourism, evolution of coastal tourist destinations, environmental destruction in coastal areas, methodological studies for successful coastal management, and visitor studies in coastal tourism and recreation. Most research themes have been based on a positivist approach in combination with empiricist approach, while few research are conducted with humanist approach and social critical theory approach. Such findings can further enhance development of coastal tourism research with consideration of diverse research themes, approach, and methodology in South Korea.

In the era of Web3.0, greater research pertaining to tourism websites is required and its range of research area should be expanded. This article aims to analyse recent research on tourism websites published between 2006-2012, and in so doing, drawing implications for future related research. One hundred and nine journal articles were selected from the databases of Science Direct, Business Source Premier and KISS. Content analysis was used for this research by categorizing past journal articles into four levels of business strategy, functional level, business level, company level and multi-company level. The research results show that tourism website research is likely to focus on information technology, tourist behaviour and marketing. Accordingly more research is needed for business and multi-company level tourism strategy. For the functional level strategy, there is a greater need for further studies on finance, accounting, personnel and operations management. Also future tourism websites should deal with issues such as the eco-environment, disabled people and multi-culture. Trends and suggestions are discussed according to subject in the article.

This study aimed to identify attributes, consequences, and values associated with cafes by using the laddering technique based on the means-end chain theory. Through the laddering technique, 11 attributes considered by cafe customers were revealed: ‘comfortable ambience’, ‘taste and menu’, ‘professionalism’, ‘food styling and table setting’, ‘interior and space’, ‘location and accessibility’, ‘service’, ‘name recognition’, ‘music’, ‘aroma’, and ‘convenience.’ There were 15 consequences the customers sought to obtain from these attributes: ‘change of mood’, ‘stress relief’, ‘rich conversation’, ‘time utilization’, ‘no interference from others’, ‘rest’, ‘new experience’, ‘special and diverse experience’, ‘time alone’, ‘escape from daily life’, ‘learning from a professional (barista)’, ‘consistent menu and taste’, ‘satisfying a craving’, ‘social life place’, and ‘feeling treated well.’ Finally, there were 9 values the customers ultimately sought to obtains from these results: ‘comfort’, ‘sense of attainment’, ‘self-satisfaction’, ‘self- compensation’, ‘rich human relationship’, ‘fun, happiness and joy’, ‘convenience’, ‘leisure’ and ‘self-confidence’. Based on these attributes, consequences, and values, a implication matrix was formed and the direct and indirect relationships between each respondent's answers were quantified and analyzed. The result showed that the cafe customers consider ‘leisure’ as the ultimate gal when selecting a cafe.

The current research reviewed research articles reported in five national and international academic journals to investigate marketing trends and issues for the hospitality research field. A total of 450 articles from three internationals including International Journal of Hospitality Management (IJHM), Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, and Journal of Marketing(JM), and two nationals including Journal of Tourism Sciences and Journal of Korea Marketing Association, were selected as a study sample. Results showed that brand management was the most frequently selected keyword for two national journals. The comparison of international journals revealed that customer satisfaction was the highest frequent in terms of a keyword for IJHM and brand management for Cornell Hospitality Quarterly and JM. An analysis of hospitality journals indicated that the most frequently selected keyword was customer satisfaction in IJHM and brand management in both Cornell Hospitality Quarterly and Journal of Korea Marketing Association. Future research direction was suggested based on the discussion.

This study tried to explore the problems and limitations of empirical studies of Bourdieu's cultural capital theory on leisure tastes in Korea. After reviewing Bourdieu's cultural capital theory and previous studies, several limitations of empirical studies on leisure tastes are discussed. First, theoretical frame of previous empirical study on leisure tastes simplified the Bourdieu's original cultural capital theory. Second, definition of cultural capital, operationalization of the concept and measurement of the concept are critical to verifying the theory. Most empirical studies used respondent's educational level as embodied cultural capital. However, it isn't agreed to determine which is the most appropriate way to measure embodied type of cultural capital. Also, rank of university in Korea respondents graduated should be seriously regarded as independent variable. Finally, many empirical studies analyzed leisure preference than mode of leisure consumption. I proposed that lifestyle of leisure should be analysed.