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Recently, the concept of publicness has attracted major attention from various social science disciplines because it has provided theoretical justification for government intervention. However, even a single study has not been conducted in tourism area. This study examined the concept of publicness in the context of tourism development. Based on a literature review, this study identified three dimensions of publicness: agent, process, and goal. The publicness of tourist site and tourist complex development was then analyzed in terms of these three dimensions. Results show that the level of procedural publicness was relatively low compared to the other dimensions, mainly due to the lack of resident participation in tourist site/tourist complex development process under the existing system. To secure the procedural publicness of tourism development, resident participation should be guaranteed in all stages of tourist site and/or tourist complex development process. Further discussion was made to increase the level of publicness in tourism development.

The inequality and polarization phenomenon have emerged as a social issue to be solved. Recently some studies have analyzed the inequality and polarization phenomenon about leisure time and activities, but few have hitherto been introduced and applied to the tourism research. This study aims at examining the inequality and polarization phenomenon in domestic travel activities - the number of travels, total number of travel days, travel expenditures - using 2010 & 2011 Korea National Tourism Survey data(Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism). The inequality of domestic travel activities was analyzed by calculating the Gini coefficient and the polarization of domestic travel activities was analyzed by calculating the Wolfson index. The result of this study showed that there are significant inequality and polarization phenomenon in domestic travel activities. In addition to, domestic travel activities inequality and polarization phenomenon has been intensified and the polarization of income inequality has been getting more serious. Policy implications and limitations of the study were discussed at the end of study.

This research is focused to develop configurations of brand equity for a tourism destination that can be found in symbolic interaction between tourism destination and personal experience and to theorize brand equity formation process for a tourism destination on the basis of their relations. To achieve the purposes, this study adopted a grounded theory which is useful to find out fundamental phenomenon, using deductive and inductive inquiry. Analysing the in-depth interview of 16 samples and the coding procedure configurations of brand equity for a tourism destination, important dimensions of brand equity were classified. These are ‘brand recognition’, 'brand experience', involvement’, ‘embodied experience’, ‘experience value’. Also a brand equity formation process was formulated in tourism destination context that can be structured in the form of cognition phase, experience phase, embodiment phase and value recognition phase in accordance with the passage of time. Based on the results theoretical implications were discussed. The study has several limitations in terms of credibility caused by qualitative research.

This study tried to find out the theory of convergence model of regional culture and tourism information service. For this, review of related literature on the regional culture and tourism phenomena of convergence on regional culture and tourism development and digital convergence modelling was performed. To accomplish the goal of this study and test this theory, tourist information convergence theories were applied by digital data-mining methodology. Therefore, this study performed the qualitative study and model study in order to testify the theory, and collected scientific reference data as well. Specially, Compare with the conventional study of local tourism development it approached to that using multi-dimension and digital convergence study. Since it has a strong implications that digital convergence could bring out a revitalization into continuously vanished local cultures. Digital convergence not only stop to loose local value of culture, but also give a chance local culture to share with variety nations. From the result, it is expected to be a useful data for the tourism information service policy responding for regional tourist demands.

The objective of this study is to establish marketing strategies that can strengthen the brand equity of Pyeongchang to secure its competitive advantage as a tourist spot, by empirically analyzing the effect relationship between components based on the hierarchy of effect after drawing components of brand equity out of the advanced researches. The results of the empirical analysis are like following. First, the brand awareness of tourist spots has positive(+) influence on perceived quality and brand image while the perceived quality of tourist spots has positive(+) influence on brand image. Second, the brand image and perceived quality of tourist spots have positive(+) influence on brand loyalty, which supports the results of many advanced researches. Contrary to the result of the advanced researches, this study dismissed Hypothesis 6(brand awareness→brand loyalty). The implication of this study includes that it is possible to strengthen the brand equity of tourist spots as a means to strengthen local competitiveness and vitalize local economy by developing and hosting festivals or mega-events suitable for each regional characteristics.

The purpose of this study is to draw comprehensive conclusions about revisit intention of a tourist destination by integrating the results of researches concerning the relationship between a revisit intention to a tourist destination and its antecedents. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, BHHR Meta-Analysis were used for data analysis. A meta-analysis refers to methods focused on contrasting and combining results from different studies. The results are as follows. First, the effect size of relationship between antecedent variables and revisit intention was in high level. The antecedents of revisit intentions were identified based on the three groups including changed attitudes, overall satisfaction and evaluations of on-site experiences. Second, The average effect size of antecedents on revisit intention was compared according to research survey sites. Accommodation was the highest and followed by restaurants, conventions, festivals and tourist attractions. In addition, the average effect sizes was varied depending on the research survey sites and survey timing.

Makgelli is very affinity with Koreans for years and become one of a tourism resources competing in the global. This study is to analyze the importance and satisfaction of select properties for Makgelli tourism and identify the consumer's behavior in buying Makgelli. This research is to be contributed in development of Makgelli tourism as well as to be used for niche marketing of Makgelli. To achieve the purpose of this study, there are specific research objectives as following: First, specific factors in Makgelli tourism is needed to be derived and classified as select properties. Secondly, Kano model analyze is used for comparing the results. Third, consumer's behavior in buying Makgelli is needed to identified the importance. Marketing tourism implications based on the empirical results were presented in detail.

Recently, food tourism has received a lot of attentions and has been perceived as one of the new trends of contemporary tourism. Therefore, many local food restaurants as tourism resources have clustered in the specific spaces during the specific time according to the needs of consumers. This study intends to analyze the time and space changes and relationships on local food tourism cased on 517 Dakgalbi restaurants in Chuncheon city, one of the most famous food tourism destinations in Korea. For this purpose, this study collects official restaurants data from 1971 to 2011, and analyze spatial autocorrelation and spatial regression using OpenGeoDA software. The study results of the Dakgalbi restaurants in Chuncheon indicate a spatiotemporal concentration and some spatial autocorrelations. And these local food restaurants have affected by the number of tourists and residents according to OLS, SLA, SEM. Based on these results, policy makers should focus on these spatial movement patterns and temporal flows of local food restaurants in community when it comes to adopt the policies on local food.

From the perspective of expectancy-value theory, this study examined the relationship between level of specialization and participant motivations among Korean birdwatchers. In order to test the relationship, data were collected from three different segments of Korean birdwatching population: Chonsoonman Birdwatching Tour participants, members of the Korean Wildbird Society, and members of the Amateur Birdwatching Group. Results from this study indicated that the members of Korean Wildbird Society were the most highly specialized birders, while Chonsoonman Birdwatching Tour participants were the least skilled birdwatchers. Further analysis revealed significant differences in birdwatching motivations among the three different segments of birdwatching population. Based on the results from this study, several points were made from the perspectives of birdwatching festival planning. Future research directions were discussed at the end of the study.

Although most of cruise lines fully understand the significance of an experience as one crucial factor affecting customers' satisfaction and purchase decisions, and in reality, the concept of experience economy by Pine & Gilmore(1998) has been widely practiced in cruise industry, but just little effort has been invested in academic. Therefore the purposes of this article are firstly to identify the underlying dimensions of cruisers' experiences, and secondly to investigate the effects of cruisers' experiences on both affective responses and cognitive response, adopting the theory of Experience Economy and PA model. And the relationship between pleasure and arousal as affective responses and satisfaction as a cognitive response was examined accordingly. The hypothesis inspection says that esthetics, entertainment have positive influence on arousal. Escapism, entertainment have positive influence on pleasure and arousal, pleasure have positive influence on satisfaction. In conclusion, findings of this study enhance the theoretical progress on the Experience Economy concept in cruise tourism context and offer important implications for cruise lines and marketers.

This study is to examine the structural relationships among tourism impact, benefit, and support based on the pre- and post-survey of local residents for the Yeosu Expo. To this end, an onsite survey was conducted to residents living in Yeosu. The results of this study reveal that the positive economic impact, positive socio-cultural impact, and negative economic impact had an effect on benefit. And positive environmental impact and benefit appeared to be related to support. Also, benefit was found to be a mediating variable(full mediating effect) to connect between tourism impact(positive and negative economic impact, positive socio-cultural impact) and support. After comparing path coefficients relationships between pre- and post-survey, significantly different relationships were found(i.e., positive economic impact→benefit, negative economic impact→benefit, and positive economic impact→support). Based on these findings, theoretical and practical implications were further provided in the conclusion section.

This study was to examine the differences of cycle trail choice attributes for cyclists who have visited Cross-Country Cycling Road. For empirical study, the survey was performed on cyclists who visited one of Cross-Country Cycling Road. Valid data were collected from 248 respondents from May 10 to 12, 2013. As a result, six choice attribute factors were derived by means of factor analysis. Also, by conducting cluster analysis, which was based on six choice attribute factors, yielded three different clusters. The result indicates that choice attributes have significant differences according to demographic and visiting characteristics. Specifically, there were differences according to age, educating level, income level, visiting frequency and visiting companion. In addition, findings showed that there were significant difference among the clusters in terms of their revisit intention. Based on the aforementioned results, practical implications were suggested that how to improve Country Cycle Trail by analysing the people who visit cycle trails in a various way.

This study explores the consideration level of tourism information of suppliers and social media in the information search process, and discusses the role and sharing of information search with social media in the recommendation process. The measurement contents were reconstructed by existing research results with 5-point Likert scales. Data were collected from 210 users who have been to resorts in the last two years by online survey during Oct. 19th to Nov. 18th, 2011. As a result of analysis, the resort users considered the social media information (mean 3.15 to 3.54) more than suppliers’ information(mean 2.60 to 3.29). In particular, the BLOG information was revealed the most important source(mean 3.54). Also, the users intend to share their post-occupancy experience and evaluation for the resort with social media networks. It means that the information search in the process of a resort choice and the share of their experience after using the resort are circulated in the social media domain. The findings have significant implications for the establishment of online marketing strategies of resorts.

The purpose of this research study was to identify the attendees' visiting decisions factors on GyungIn Ara Waterway. The Analysis methods used IPA(Importance-Performance Analysis) by excel, and OPM(Ordered Probit model) by Limdep(LIMited DEPendent). The results of IPA revealed canal and around view, convince of parking in terminal and a function of tour in terminal in keep up the good work and Convince in Cruise, Price of food․beverage in Cruise, Approach of terminal and connection of tour canal․cruise in Concentrate Here. To reduce the number of independent variables, the factor analysis was performed on the 23 selective attributes of canal․cruise, and four factors were derived - terminal factor, software of cruise, hardware of cruise, canal factor. Dependent variables were Satisfaction, Recommend and Revisit. This study found on canal factor was significant factor in canal․cruise factor. The research reflects canal․cruise selection attribute by the visitors' on Gyungin Ara Waterway that it would be helpful to make management strategy for new tourism destination.

This paper explores the relationship between prejudice, tolerance, and conflict of hikers who encountered MTB users based on the Goal Interference Theory by Jacob & Schreyer(1980). 305 hikers in Mt. Suri were examined to understand the essence of their conflicts with MTB users. Results showed that hikers’ conflict with MTB users were divided into two: behavioral and environmental conflict. Results of structural equation modeling analysis were: first, prejudice had a negative influence on tolerance, but not any effect on conflict directly, which means tolerance mediates the relationship between prejudice and conflict; second, tolerance negatively impacted on conflict. Thus, tolerance as a factor influencing recreational conflict was re-verified, and also prejudice was newly verified as a factor affecting tolerance. Study results implied that the causal structural relationship between conflict, tolerance, and prejudice was unearthed. Managerial efforts to mitigate recreational conflict and to promote tolerance by reducing prejudice are needed.

The purpose of this study is to identify major influential variables and their impacts on financial feasibility analysis for hotel development applying the stochastic system dynamics method. To develop a model, 1) the boundary of system model was set and variables that compose the system were determined, 2) Causal Loop Diagram(CLD) which explains the casual relationships among variables was formulated, 3) Stock Flow Diagram(SFD) was developed based on the CLD and 4) SFD model was confirmed through verification of its soundness and objectivity. Finally, confirmed model was applied to the typical hotel development project of Hotel A in order to identify major influential variables and their impacts on feasibility analysis. Variables such as number of employees per guest room, expenses per employee, monthly earnings from ancillary facilities and occupancy rates of ancillary facilities were identified as more influential variable than others. This study shows the usefulness of the stochastic system dynamics model in drawing more influential variables and in reflecting diverse variables and scenarios for financial feasibility analysis for hotel development. To make the model more predictable it is required to conduct consistent research by adopting additional variables and applying developed model to various hotel development projects.

In the recent years, the golden age of the environmental friendly food market seems to be coming and has come to a heated competition in Korea in the near future. This study attempted to identify the dimensions of buying behavior attributes of environmental friendly food purchasers and to investigate how the dimensions affect their restaurant menu selection. importance Data were collected from 202 environmental friendly food purchasers. Research findings revealed that 16 buying behavior attributes turned out four dimensions of food health, food trusty, self management, and food properness. In addition, 7 menu selection attributes turned out two dimensions of food substantiality, and customer needs reaction. The hypothesized relationships were measured using SPSS 21.0 through multiple regression analysis. This study concluded with the implications of the study and future research areas. The result could be also applied to improve the restaurant business performance.