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The ultimate goal of science is theory. Tourism research still lacks a conceptualization scheme, theoretical framework, and a cumulative knowledge. One of the reasons is that many tourism researchers have been preoccupied with the short-term goal of finding specific relations from accepting or rejecting a hypothesis to track and record a staggering expansion of the tourism industry. Thus, there is a need to guide an outline on the systematic process of theory- building in tourism studies. In this context, this paper provides the insight and conceptual framework for the building and understanding of tourism theory that will lead the tourism science into a discipline, not a field of study or a special form of leisure. In particular, the study discusses an emergent paradigm shift from tourism studies and researchers and identifies a virtue of good theory and scientific theory-building process. This conceptual paper could help researchers gain insights in terms of theory-building and its necessity with a sense of responsibility as a tourism researcher. The study makes a conceptual and theoretical contribution to expanding scientific domain of tourism knowledge.

In this research, travel motivations of heavy overseas travelers were studied with Focus Group Interview(FGI). Heavy overseas travelers who were recent 12 months overseas travel-experienced and travel overseas at least 2-3 times per year single and married men and women were selected for 3 focus group interviews. The following results were obtained : 1) heavy overseas traveler's seven motivations were drawn as relax, experience · fun, self-development · self-actualization, relationship · communication, escape, nostelgia and addiction. Specifically, the proposed motivation in this study, 'addiction' can be explained as similar meaning or developed one with motivation from precedent study 'Like traveling itself', and it means travel is settled as a habit that heavy travelers can not take away in their lives because they are addicted to it. 2) The drawn motivation elements were not applied to TCL (Travel Career Ladder) theory but some results could be applied to TCP (Travel Career Pattern). Implications for tourism marketers and researchers were discussed. The study has limitation in terms of a study need to consider more variables for travel motivations.

This study focused on the tourism policy making as a creative tourism. For the study, theoretical reviews on creative economy, creative industry, the index of creativity, the component of creative economy, and creative tourism were applied. Based upon the previous researches this study conceptualized the creative tourism and proposed an creative tourism framework which was composed of 5P: creative tourism person, creative tourism participation, creative tourism product, creative tourism process, creative press. The previous tourism policy were examined by 5P framework and it suggests the tourism policy direction and tasks for creative industrialization of tourism. In conclusion, this study is proposed that the tourism policy should be concerned with training the creative tourism talents and human resource, expanding creative tourism participation, developing the creative tourism products, establishing creative policy system, cooperating on a creative tourism policy, and making creative tourism environment. The study, however, should adopt more in-depth analytical approach for providing more practical implications as well as academic contributions.

The study is to develop Construct Factors of Urban Tourism Contents (CFUTC). In order to achieve this purpose, the study adopted qualitative research. Specifically, literature review regarding Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET), and Spradley's analysis method have been done. Through analysis process, 79 concepts were drawn from 293 examples related to Urban Tourism Contents. In result, 15 subordinate factors were drawn from 79 concepts. And finally, 4 superordinate factors were drawn from 15 subordinate factors. Urban Tourism Contents' 4 superordinate factors are "Tourist Attractions Contents", " Cultural Image Contents", "Tourism Experience Contents", and "Brand Story Contents". This study concluded that CFUTC could make a great contribution to the revitalization of urban tourism. CFUTC from this study are very useful and practical for making tourism policies and marketing strategies and are highly related to making cities more attractive, which can result in more incoming tourists. The study, however, has limitation in terms of generalizability and transferability.

This qualitative research addresses the management plans for local festival toward glocalism by analyzing the well-known Avignon festival. To suggest the more effective ways of improving the local festivals in Korea, we did some in-depth interviews with festival experts regarding the following 4 aspects of festival: ‘festival management’, ‘festival examples’, ‘festival theory(culture theory)’, and ‘festival consulting’. After that interviews, the five factors are found for effective management plans from the Avignon festival case analysis. In-depth interview that Hatch(2002) suggested and a qualitative study of Seidman(2006) are used for analysing research. The factors are: historicity (regionality) or placeness/ cultural character/ friendliness/ operability/ economic feasibility. This study propose the importance of then “glocalism” for the success of any local festival toward globalization. In addition, the results of this study will provide festival managers another theoretical evidence through the various factor analysis of Avignon festival which leads local glocalism. The lessons from the Avignon festival analysis can be helpful at the site as measures for developing and succeeding lots of local festivals in Korea.

The study is to explore the meaning of the tourism in cyber space, in particular, with the questions of “Is this cyber tourism a change or threat for the future tourism industry?” The major concerns that inhibit travellers to travel are due to time availability, cost, personal and political reasons. Cyber tourism will allow participants to travel to different places via new technologies for free of the usual restrictions of time, distance, cost and human frailty. Cyber tourism is a new type of tourism experience that entails the use of new technologies to achieve a convenient tourism experience. Is this cyber tourism a chance or threat for the future tourism industry? This study attempted to identify cyber tourism compared with physical tourism and to suggest potential possibility for future tourism industry to practice the cyber tourism appropriately. Tourism marketer should determine the range and scope of cyber tourism and consider not to diminish real tourism market. The success of cyber tourism will depend on how to attract cyber tourist into their destination.

GIS (Geographic Information System) is becoming an essential spatial decision support system to solve complex spatial problems in tourism. In that regard, identifying core concepts and research trend of GIS in tourism is prerequisite for successful tourism applications. The purpose of this research is to theoretically conceptualize a variety of definitions and capabilities of GIS in tourism and to analyze domestic and international research trends of GIS in tourism. Literature review and content analysis for selected 137 were conducted to complete the research purposes. Research indicated that there were significant difference between international and domestic research trends of GIS in tourism. Specifically, while a variety of research topics and subjects of GIS were conducted in overseas tourism research, only limited research topics and subjects of GIS were conducted in domestic tourism research. Implications and suggestions to future tourism GIS studies in Korea are suggested.

The purpose of this study is to explore the leisure characteristic of university students in Korea in terms of leisure cognition and leisure obsession. And the other purpose of this study is to confirm the applicability of post-labor centered leisure. Data were collected from 189 students of K university, which is located in Kyunggi province. The finding indicated that most students’ leisure focused on physical activities. Also students prefer leisure activities for social network. The most important thing revealed in this study is that many students spend their leisure time to prepare for employment. Also they have obsessions of ‘meaning seeking of leisure activities’, ‘social relationship of leisure’, ‘social comparative of leisure’ and ‘cost of leisure.’ And they recognised of negative effects of leisure like exhaustion after leisure and physical tired. The result of this study is to confirm that post-labor centered leisure is not easy to applicable in Korea society. The study, however, has several limitations in terms of expanding contextual meaning of leisure.

The purpose of the study was to explore the perception of psychic distance of medical tourists towards medical tourism destinations. With this aim, focus group interviews were conducted with Japanese and Chinese medical tourists who experienced medical care in Korea. All interviews were recorded and transcribed, and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Four themes emerged from the analysis: cultural differences, positive feelings about a host country, evaluation of the level of medical treatment, and geographical proximity to the medical tourism destination. Medical tourists perceive the lower psychic distance when they feel less cultural differences between home and a host country, when they have more positive feelings about a host country, when they trust the medical systems of a host country, and a host country is closer geographically to their home. The results of the study demonstrate that psychic distance is subjective and comparative feelings towards a destination; at the same time, each construal level can vary as psychic distance changes.

This research used the phenomenological approach in the leisure experience of university students looking for jobs. Coloaizzi's method was applied to in-depth interviews carried out among six students of Humanities&Social Sciences majors looking for jobs. According to the results, those students finding jobs expressed negative sentiment including psychological pressure and anxiety towards their leisure experiences. The cause for this phenomenon is because university students looking for jobs are thinking obsessively about the social message saying, self-enrichment is essential in surviving from the employment competition and because this social argument placed a mental constraint upon leisure experience. Therefore, it was analysed that students were spending their free time as instrumental time for success and choosing leisure activities for self-development and employment preparation. Meanwhile, despite this psychological pressure from the employment preparation and competition, some made an effort to continue their pure leisure activities which is separated from self-improvement and employment preparation. University students of this era, remaining at their social status as 'young applicants' has been increasing, their significance has been growing as social members.

The study is to develop the descriptive menu labels to attract customer focusing on korean cuisine and investigate the influence of the developed descriptive menu labels on customers' available purchase price to pay gladly for the menu. The first step to develop the descriptive menu labels, open-ended questionnaire was performed targeting the 54 university students majoring culinary art and food service and 12 professional chefs in korean cuisine. The study elicited the descriptive menu labels from the survey inductively. The second step, it was asked the postgraduate students majoring korean language and literature to check the linguistic errors based on the definition of the type of menu labels. Finally, the study made up the 4 types of descriptive menu labels and 1 usual menu label. As a result, analyzed responses found that the geographic type of descriptive menu labels brought the highest available purchase price for the 'Bulgogi', and the sensory type of descriptive menu labels for the 'Samgyetang'. But excessively long and complicated menu labels as like mixed type were cliché and reduced the available purchase price.

The study aimed to identify the concept and the structural dimensions of tourist identity. A narrative inquiry method was utilized to collect and analyze the data. A total of 79 college students were contacted to collect the data. The respondents were encouraged to describe who they were as tourists. As their responses, a total of 147 contents which contained a meaning of tourist identity were analyzed. The content analysis identified the structural dimensions of tourist identity, that is, tourist style(internal style and behavioral style), aptitude for travel(ego-involvement and self-efficacy). In addition, tourist style was categorized into internal style(personality and motivational tendency) and behavioral style(planning and preference). Furthermore, the study found out that an individual’ tourist identity was not limited to one specific dimension but encompassed several dimensions simultaneously. It is expected that the results of the study would be helpful to develop the measurement scales of tourist identity in future studies. There are several limitations. Researcher’s subjective analysis and various social context can not guarantee external credibility embedded in qualitative research.

This paper is a case study for Martial Arts Festival in Jeonju city. This local festival was planned by community members to commemorate and reproduce the special national examination at Jeonju city in 1593 for the appointment of military officers which had been held in order to celebrate the victory in the battle took place a year ago. The aim of this paper is to propose the future direction of the local festival through the case study for the festival which is voluntarily planned by local residents. The research theme of this paper is 'what is the essence and the meaning for the participation and the experience of local residents in the festival'. The Phenomenological Analysis based on methodology by Giogi‘s methodology(1985) is adopted as the research method; in-depth interview for 10 interviewee who participated the festival was conducted and analysed after participation observation for 6 months. The research results were classified into 31 'themes' and 10 'focal meanings' and 'structural descriptions' was carried out phenomenologically based on the classification. The study has several limitations in terms of generalizability and transferability.

Research misconduct, though an important issue in the academia, yet have. have been uncovered. Surveying 298 students from four graduate schools in the hospitality and tourism management, this study examined the level of awareness and the current status & future education direction of research ethics. Students' level of awareness of research ethics turned out to be relative low. There appeared no independent research ethics class and research methodology class was a main course for students to learn research ethics. Most students had no chance to learn research ethics and only a few learned it through personal help from colleagues. Students felt that learning research ethics in the past was helpful and that they showed high level of the necessity and participation intention on research ethics class in the future. Finally, their preference of future education of research ethics turned out that department should lead the education of research ethics and that the class with case study types should be given with less than 12 hours a year. In terms of topics to be taught, much interest was shown in issues of research misconduct and data processing. The study concludes with the implications of the research findings and future research areas.