KJC Korea
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This study examined the influencing factors of collaborative governance on the Tourdoore project and analyzed the moderating effects of designation time for the project. The literature review covered tourism community business policy, collaborative governance and governance-related research. Based on this, a research model was constructed and survey data were collected by community business operators in the areas of Yangpyeong, Gapyeong and Suwon that are located throughout Gyeonggi Province. The analysis results demonstrate that every factor has an influence on the formation of collaborative governance. Also, there are moderating effects between the relation of institutional environment and collaborative governance formation according to designation time. The implications of the analysis results suggested a practical education to enable capacity development among community business operators. Furthermore, the enactment of an ordinance of local government for the development of an institutional environment was suggested.

The aim of this study was to report on structural relationships and to examine the structural relationships between crowding at the World Ginseng Expo and the resultant emotional responses. Furthermore, the study identified methods to adjust the relationship between group difference and impact. To this end, we conducted a survey of local Ginseng Expo visitors. The survey was done using a judgement sampling taken over six days from Friday, September 3rd to September 9th, 2011. After distributing a total of 350 surveys, 340 were recovered. These were analyzed using an empirical analysis excluding the 306 additional questionnaires deemed insincere. Human congestion was found to contribute to lower negative emotional response and increased the positive emotional response. Also, crowded spaces were trying to adjust to the fact that any action for the first visit generated negative or positive feelings. These results were analyzed according to structural effects related to differences in congestion and to Expo visitors perception. It categorized the visitors to the World Ginseng Expo into two groups according to emotional response, and Expo coordination actions. This was done so that there can be a successful event for the future host Expo organizer and was carried out to provide implications for stakeholders.

This study examined differences and interaction effects on responses to appealing types of travel advertisement messages on emotional response, attitudes and the purchase intention of the elderly and the youth under goal priming conditions. As a result, there was a marginally significant interactive effect between generation, message type and goal pursuit on attitudes. Specifically, under control conditions, old participants have more favorable attitudes toward an emotional message than do young participants. While, under goal priming conditions, young participants have more favorable attitudes toward an emotional message than old participants. On the other hand, under control conditions, young participants have more positive attitudes towards a factual message than do old participants. In addition, under goal priming conditions, old participants have more positive attitudes toward a factual message than do young participants. The results indicated that the elderly and the youth use a different information processing method respectively under both conditions. Generally, the elderly have more favorable attitudes toward an emotional message. However, when the motive for the goal pursuit is activated, the elderly respond differently to information processing which needs cognitive resources.

This study analyzed pedestrian circulation using a Visibility Graph Analysis(VGA) model to determine movement characteristics of visitors in a theme park. Since the location of a theme park is a key factor for stimulating consumption, it is important to identify how visitors visually perceive their spatial experience while walking throughout the park. We, first, viewed and analyzed pedestrian circulation according to the visual perspectives of individual visitors in order to find alternatives to improve the pedestrian circulation system. A VGA model was used to quantitatively analyze an isovist and forecast pedestrian movement patterns based on output indicators. A Depth map program was used to analyze the visibility of a site. The result of calculating global measures and local measures using a VGA model revealed that pedestrian movement became more vitalized in a place where visitors’ could easily perceive things visually. Secondly, the main plaza was the place in which the concentration and separation of visitors happened simultaneously in a theme park, and thus it had an affect on the control pedestrian movement. Finally, the type of experience program is different according to the visitors’ visibility characteristics. This study will contribute to the establishment of alternatives for improving the quality of spatial experience that visitors perceive in a theme park.

This study examines social enterprises which have gained attention in Korea, despite the lack of research by the tourism sector. Social enterprises are raising public awareness, along with a quantitative growth driven by government support and social demand for sustainable development. This study analyzes the effect of social enterprises on local communities, focusing on the case of Jeollabuk-do. Several rounds of field surveys were conducted in tourism social enterprises throughout the province as well as doing in-depth interviews with nine relevant people from July 2011 through June 2014. The collected data were analyzed using Grounded Theory, a social science methodology involving theory construction as a baseline for future research. The research showed that tourism social enterprises played an important role in developing local tourism while recognized as a social innovation model. However, they struggled with a weak economic base, which influenced the research on their socio-cultural effect. The findings and implications are expected to help set goals for tourism social enterprises and their research scope in the future.

Managerial capacity of operators in rural tourism as a community business is important to successful tourism development in Korea. The study examined the typology of managerial capacity among rural tourism operators as a community business and identified the characteristics of operators according to those typologies. A self-administered survey was obtained from 132 operators in one village. As for the managerial capacities of tourism operators, four factors (human resource management, marketing/financial management, product development, leadership) were extracted. Two distinct segments were identified based on managerial capacities: A high level of managerial capacities(33.3%), and a low level of managerial capacities(66.7%). Results showed that high income male operators were more likely to have a high level of managerial capacity throughout the group. Those individuals were more likely to be heads of the organization and operators of agricultural processing businesses. The findings should be of interest to rural tourism and community business practitioners.

This study explored the relationships among visually impaired related stressors, coping strategies and adjustment, as well as leisure using case studies of visually impaired people who are running as a coping resource strategy. Given the exploratory nature of this study, qualitative analysis was employed as a guiding methodology. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted. The analysis of the interviews identified two themes: visually impaired related stressors and coping/adjustment strategies for eight people who are visually impaired. Running played a distinct role in their stress coping strategy and the adjustment process, providing (i) a positive distraction, (ii) an opportunity to stay optimistic, (iii) a source of return to normalcy, and (iv) a context for positive inner growth. Overall, this study provided evidence for the role of leisure as a key function of stress coping and adjustment to negative life events. These findings along with implications for practitioners and future research are provided.

This study was designed to classify the types of digital leisure activity and to investigate the positive benefits of digital leisure. The data were collected from a sample of 322 individuals who use digital media for leisure. The types of digital leisure activity were categorized according to six factors, based upon their own psychological experience. The psychological benefits of digital leisure were measured using a modified PAL(Paragraphs About Leisure-Form) scale and were classified into eight factors(efficacy, curiosity, expression, sense of being overcome, consideration, cooperation, pleasure, and moderation). The general analyses were as follows: First, ‘social interaction’ and ‘entertainment’ were identified as the factors positively influencing most psychological benefits, among the digital leisure activities. Second, comparing psychological benefits among segmented groups rooted by types of leisure activities, the ‘Game & Social relation group’ perceived stronger psychological benefits than other groups. The results imply that the mechanism of digital leisure experience is subtle, and a part of the collective culture of Korea. In conclusion, study limitations such as the sampling method and future studies were discussed.

This study aims to understand the moderating effect of the self-efficacy of hospitality industry employee’s workaholism on work-family conflict and organizational citizenship behavior. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, the work-family conflict was high among those who highly perceived work commitment and obsession as the subordinate variables of workaholism, while low among those who had a highly perceived sense of work enjoyment. Second, it was found that the more highly they perceived the work-family conflict, the lower their altruistic and conscientious behavior became. Finally, as a result of the work-family conflict, self-efficacy functioned as a moderating variable, which could mitigate the negative organizational citizenship behavior.

The main purpose of this study was to identify and interpret the visitors’ subjective perceptions of Gamcheon Culture Village using Q methodology. Two discriminative methods were applied to increase reliability when interpreting the analysis results. First, centrality of trip purpose and depth of experience were used as a frame for the analysis of the visitors’ subjectivity. Second, in content analysis, a generalized reliability coefficient was applied to solve methodological problems such as the overestimation of the visitors’ motivation and experience, and the discretionary allocation of the estimates. Stated questionnaires were selected from various visitor reply opinions to the online articles, Naver blogs and Trip advisors related to the village. Four different factors of subjective perceptions - sightseeing, casual, serendipitous and incidental cultural tourists - were found. The results showed that the village is perceived as a multipurpose tourism place for friends, couples and family to visit. Also, factors such as pleasure and recreation were related to the attractiveness of the village, and therefore should be emphasized. Consequently, the identified four visitor factors were the characteristics peculiar to the village. Finally, several managerial implications that should be appealing to potential visitors to be done by the manager of the village were suggested.

The purpose of this study was to identify the trust transference among e-commerce users purchasing air transported products both via the web and application. In order to perform this study, a research model that included customer perceptions of airlines (perceived reputation, perceived size, perceived willingness to customize), and technical characteristics(information system quality, transaction safety) was proposed. A survey was conducted from July 24th to July 29th, 2014. A total of 300 questionnaires were collected. Excluding 90 missing questionnaires, 210 usable questionnaires were analyzed. The results of this study are as follows. First, customer perceptions of airlines had a positive effect on web trust and application trust except that perceived willingness to customize had no effect on application trust. Second, technical characteristics had a positive effect on application trust. Third, trust transference was verified between the web and application in e-commerce. Finally, web trust and Application trust had a positive effect on purchase intention.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of leisure activity and volunteering on social integration among people from the baby-boom generation(born in 1963~1995). A survey for this research was conducted using a sample of 406 baby-boomers from Seoul and the capital region. The empirical analysis result of this research is: First, the classification of ‘Social Activities’ and ‘Cultural Activities’ have a significant positive(+) social integration influence, and ‘Home-based Activities’ have a significant negative(-) social integration influence. Second, there are statistically significant differences between the participant’s group and non-participant’s group of those volunteering on the impact of leisure activity on social integration: For the participants group of volunteers, ‘Social Activities’, ‘Cultural Activities’ and ‘higher education’ have a significant positive(+) influence, while ‘Home-based Activities’ have a significant negative(-) influence on social integration. For the non-participants group of volunteers, ‘Cultural Activities’, ‘Social Activities’, ‘higher salaries’ and ‘sexual activity’ have a significant positive(+) influence, while ‘being a housewife’ has a significantly negative(-) influence on social integration.