KJC Korea
Journal Central

This study analyzed tour guide oriented behavior in terms of shopping and optional tour usage from the viewpoint of Foucault's disciplinary power. Tour guides experienced a conflict between their role as guide and their responsibility to generate profit through shopping and optional tour usage. Eventually however, they become tour guides who generate revenue suitable for the current travel industry. By analyzing this from the point of view of disciplinary power composed of relationships, knowledge and surveillance, it was clear that qualified tour guides influenced tourists. This occurred through their specialized tourism knowledge and their relationship with tourists. It is through these influences that tour guides induce shopping and optional tour usage. Conversely, unqualified tour guides were also shown to induce shopping and optional tour purchases through intimidation and high-pressure selling because they are unable to exert their influence effectively on tourists. This was due to their lack of specialized tourism knowledge. Shopping and optional tour sales as induced by tour guides were scored and ranked and sequenced as in a conventional test. From these results, tour guides are compensated or punished. Through this process, tour guides internalize the role of revenue generation. The findings of this study have academic significance in that it we are now able to analyze a tour guides’ behavior from a social point of view.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the moderating effect of rank on the relationship between a supervisor's abusive supervision and the subsequent organizational silence of Super-Deluxe hotel employees. 500 responses were taken and analyzed from Super-Deluxe hotel employees while applying a structure equation model analysis and a moderating effect analysis yielded the following results: First, a supervisor's abusive supervision had a significant influence on four sub-factors which were organizational silence, acquiescent silence, defensive silence and prosocial silence. Second, employee rank moderated the relationship between a supervisor's abusive supervision and subsequent organizational silence thus supporting the research hypothesis. Results of the study confirm that a supervisor's abusive supervision increases the organizational silence of employees throughout the hotels studied. It is suggested that hotels should eliminate abusive supervision and better manage human resources according to department and rank.

The purpose of this study is to diagnose the possibility of a thought shift concerning alienated historical heritage. It is also to investigate the effect of anger about deprived history on the motivation to experience historical heritage tourism and to examine the processes involved in the evolution of self- identity. The study method is an exploratory one and applied ‘ground theory’ among other qualitative research methods. A purposive sample for the study was collected from nine historical heritage tourists in Tsushima. Interview participants consisted of 5 female and 4 male participants who were students, workers, and housewives. Interview data analysis revealed 43 subcategories and 16 top categories. The conclusions of the study are as follows: First, among participants in the study, tourist anger at having their history plundered was found to influence the motivation for experiencing historical heritage tourism and the process of evolution in their selfidentity. Second, by touring historical relics plundered, the necessity for a thought shift is recognized by participants. Furthermore, this evolution of selfidentity is embodied in dark history. Third, throughout this study, it was determined that by understanding the reality between Korea and Japan, new opportunities for future design and an expectation of change in life attitude is seen. Fourth, in the cases where historical heritage became the background, it was confirmed that the recognition and memory of the study participants also played a significant role.

A festival forms an inextricable link between the various parts of a community and is a unifying force. The typical Korean festival has changed according to political and economic changes throughout the community. For example, exclusively religious festivals have evolved into village festivals, market festivals, hometown festivals, and local festivals. Modern festivals are mainly dominated by local governments, so tourists and residents became consumers or bystanders. Numerous netizens are connected to SNS to form friends or join cafes, forming a variety of cyber communities. Festivals leading to meetings and reconciliation will be able to play an important role in making them happier. Therefore, small village festivals and cyber community festivals have been reviewed as part of this research. However, festivals are not only numerous, but also difficult to guarantee their continuity due to budgetary and staffing constraints. The results of this study suggest that the number of festivals should be increased and that participants should share and enjoy the contents of them.

The equivalence of airline mileage accrual and redemption has not been examined and so this study focused on the economic value of the system. The study compared the equivalence between the mileage earned upon boarding and the mileage used for issuing bonus tickets with the aim of finding ways to utilize FFP as a valid and valuable marketing technique. We studied K airline since it was the first civil airline in Korea and the first Asian airline to introduce FFP. In order to evaluate the equivalence at the time of accumulation, (1) comparisons were made between flights with the same grade but with different reservation grades, and (2) grades with different flights were compared. In order to check the equivalence of awarded tickets, we compared awarded tickets according to the destination and the period of use. Then, we compared member airlines of SKYTEAM and STAR ALLIANCE that fly to Korea and proposed an efficient plan for the airlines and members respectively. These two member airlines were selected because they are both leading airline alliance programs.

The development of information and communication technology has evolved into a sharing economy as a global trend. Shared economy users are increasing at an extremely fast rate especially in relation to the tourism and hospitality industry. Despite such growth, the number of users not-yet a part of the shared economy still outweighs the users by far. Therefore, this study aims at understanding the decision-making processes of potential users throughout the sharing economy, in particular Airbnb. To achieve this, a survey methodology was implemented based on a Model of Goal-directed Behavior. In addition, this study analyzed the concept of perceived risk and divided this concept into platform risk and host risk. The results indicate that attitude, subjective norms, and positive/negative anticipated emotions all positively affect the intention to use Airbnb via desire. In respect to perceived risks, platform risk positively influences host risk and negatively influences the intention to use Airnb. In addition, host risk negatively influences desire. This study explicates how our approach improves the understanding of the potential for the further development of the sharing economy market.

Investigation of the dynamic landscape of the tourism industry is a basic step needed to design policies and enhance national competitiveness. This study examines the tourism industry from the perspective of a business ecosystem and discusses the subsequent measures necessary for development. First, the study classifies the tourism industry into several types of business entities categorized under the National Tourism Promotion Act and analyzes their health using the industrial analysis method. This study uses 7 basic types of business defined by the Tourism Promotion Act and categorizes tour business throughout Korea. This tour business takes up over 50% of the tourism industry and involves 4 independent sectors. It excludes Casino business as this operates according to government authorization and is greatly different from the rest of the tourism industry. Therefore, it sets 9 types of tourism business as analysis units and uses raw statistical data compiled by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. To examine the health of the tourism industry, it compiles the number of businesses and employees and total sales revenues to establish a measurement index for productivity and robustness. As a result of the analysis, this study suggests stable growth trends for the industry, and provides policy assistance to stabilize a business cycle fraught with ups and downs. It also provides detailed direction to sustain stable growth throughout the tourism industry. The results of this study will contribute to framing the tourism industry within a business policy perspective and will provide the foundation for further in depth research.

As the number of foreign tourists visiting Korea increases and competition from neighboring countries for their patronage intensifies, it is more important than ever to induce visitors to return again. Although previous studies have tried to identify the determinants behind foreign tourist repeat visits, most of them used a model that excluded important explanatory variables and that made estimates using data taken from a small sample. To resolve these problems, this study specifies a model to explain foreign tourist intentions to visit Korea again using more relevant explanatory variables, and estimates intentions using data collected from a sample of more than three thousand Chinese and Japanese tourists. The results show that overall satisfaction, the general image of Korea, and the number of previous visits all have a positive impact on the return intention. Tourist nationality (Japanese vs. Chinese) and tour type (free independent travelers, FITs vs. group tourists) are also identified as significant explanatory factors. Other variables being held constant, Japanese tourists and FITs have a stronger average return intention than their counterparts. Finally, it has been found that the effect of overall satisfaction on return intention is attenuated as the number of previous visits increases. These results suggest that omitting any of these explanatory variables from a model cause the OLS estimators to be biased. Furthermore, the results contribute to a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the relationship between foreign tourist return intention and its determinants.

The purpose of this study was to understand the influence of culinary staff job characteristics in deluxe hotels on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. To this end, the study empirically analyzed the moderating effects of career and gender as they affect the relations of job characteristics, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Based on a total of 319 samples obtained for empirical research, this study reviewed the reliability and fitness of the research model and verified a total of 8 hypotheses using the AMOS program. The hypothesized relationships in the model were simultaneously tested using a structural equation model (SEM). The proposed model provided an adequate data fit, χ2=421.770(df 234), p<.001, CMIN/df=1.802, GFI=.906, AGFI=.880, NFI=.881, CFI=.937, TLI=.933, RMSEA=.045. The model's fit, as indicated by these indexes, was deemed satisfactory, thus providing a good basis for testing the hypothesized paths. The SEM showed that skill variety (β=.149 ), task significance(β=.299) and autonomy(β=.455) had a significant positive influence on job satisfaction. In addition, job satisfaction (β= .508) had a significant positive influence on organizational Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

The purpose of this study is to identify the actual usage and satisfaction of domestic and international tourists in tourism resorts throughout Indonesia. The research method used was the ordered probit model in order to analyze visitor motivation, satisfaction, personal tendencies and the impact on the satisfaction of tourism resorts in Indonesia. The tourists who had domestic and international experience visiting resorts in Indonesia were selected as the sample for this study. The survey was then conducted from July 1st, 2016 to August 31st, 2016 with a total of 232 questionnaires being distributed to the tourists. The collected sample data were analyzed using a factor analysis and ordered probit model that utilized SPSS and LIMDEP 8.0 statistical programs. The results of this analysis indicate that personal consumption behavior throughout Indonesian tourist resorts is affected by, Visitor motivation, visitor satisfaction, revisit intention, Personal orientation, and the general environment of Tourist resort utilization etc. Furthermore, these are all important variables in explaining the potential of consumers. The results of this study can be used to create effective marketing strategies for the tourism resort industry by comparing the characteristics of potential consumers.

This study provides a theoretical framework for understanding the effects of authentic leadership (AL) of supervisors on hotel employee job stress (JS), job satisfaction(JSa), and commitment to change(CC). Pertinent hypotheses were tested using empirical data collected through self-administered questionnaires distributed to employees of super-deluxe hotels located in the cities of Seoul, Incheon, and Busan, as well as the provinces of Gyeonggi and Jeju between November 25th, 2015, to January 14th, 2016. Out of the 522 questionnaires distributed, 511 were collected. After removing incomplete responses, 471 valid samples were used in the final analysis. Results confirm that the AL of supervisors has a significant effect on job stress(JS) and job satisfaction(JSa). Furthermore, JS has a significant impact on JSa, JS and JSa simultaneously and all these factors influence the commitment to change (CC). It is suggested that future studies focus on developing concepts for quantitative measurement of AL, JS, JSa and CC.

The purpose of this paper was to examine the effects of prisoners’ participation in leisure activities at the correctional institute on their positive-psychological behaviors such as violence reduction, social skills-cultivation and self-control improvement. Data were collected from 160 male inmates at two correctional institutes. Three statistical analyses (i.e., t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression) were utilized in this study. The results indicated that the lowest violence inclination was found in the group with participation in the leisure activities, followed by the group with meditation/religious participation. Results also revealed that the highest prisoner’s social skill cultivating effort was observed in the group with the ground leisure activities (such as running the track, chin-up, and muscle building workout at the ground) followed by the group with watching a movie or tv, whereas self-control improvement was the highest in the group with activities related to meditation/religious participation. This study also found that the prisoners’ highest satisfaction score was found through participating in the ground leisure activities, followed by watching a movie and meditation/religious participation. Finally it was found that the prisoner’s active participation in the leisure activities at the correctional facility was positively influencing their psychological behavior and wellbeing compared to discipline oriented lectures and educations.