KJC Korea
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This study developed indicators to forecast the optimal number of employees for hotel MICE and to investigate empirically the reliability and validity of those indicators. The dominant approach to manpower planning has long been based on heuristic experience in the hotel and MICE fields, and there is little research in hotel and MICE studies. A focus group interview and two rounds of Delphi technique were conducted to achieve the study goal. Moreover, 289 samples were collected to test the validity and the reliability of the finalized indicators. The study developed 35 indicators with seven factors. This study contributes to the academic and the practical hospitality sectors by helping to identify indicators that would allow a more accurate forecast of the optimal number of employees for hotel MICE.

With the continuing advancements in augmented reality (AR) technology, there is a growing interest in developing AR mobile applications for the tourism industry. However, there is a lack of research on AR contents related to tourism. Most studies have focused on the technological applications of AR and have not truly considered what factors affect how users actually use them. This study analyzed “Visited Changgyeong Palace in My Hand” and adapted experience economy constructions in order to evaluate AR apps to prove that the constructions have an effect on tourists' satisfaction and behavioral intention. An individual survey was conducted to tourists who had experienced that AR app. The results of this study found that all experience economy constructions showed a positive influence on the satisfaction of tourists. In addition, it indicated that satisfaction had a direct significant influence on tourists' behavioral intention. Finally, these results demonstrated convincingly that experience economy constructions could be applied to AR apps in the tourism industry. These results could help developers find a proper development direction for AR apps.

Who feels happier between collective and individual sports participants? The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of relatedness on subjective well-being depending on the type of leisure sports. Accordingly, 788 adults participating in leisure sports in South Korea were divided into the categories of collective and individual leisure sports participants. Relatedness in sports, leisure sports participation behavior, leisure satisfaction, and subjective well-being were analyzed. The results of this study are as follows. First, collective leisure sports participants had higher mean values in leisure satisfaction as well as subjective well-being than individual ones. Additionally, the difference was statistically significant. Second, relatedness in sports bore a statistically significant impact on both leisure satisfaction and subjective well-being, regardless of the demographic characteristics as controlled variables. The importance of relatedness in leisure sports is discussed and academic and practical implications are provided in this study.

This study intended to develop travel involvement scales as a preliminary method for researchers to gradually change and specialize these scales. In order to develop a scale, Kapferer-Laurent’s CIP and Zaichkowsky’s PII scales were reviewed in detail as the validity of those scales had been tested for quite a long time. Reconstruction of the reviewed scales helped to develop a preliminary one. The researchers perceived that the product involvement under product dominant logic could not include intangibility and heterogeneity of travel services rather than under service dominant logic. This study suggests that the factor structure regarding affective factors including “enjoyable,” “trustworthy,” “friendly,” and “addictable” and the cognitive factors including “comparable,” “expressible,” and “considering safety” are valid. Furthermore, the level of travel involvement verified discriminant validity through HCHA, HCLA, LCLA, and LCHA. This would indicate that this study supports an interaction between affective and cognitive, rather than separated paths, in the information process for travel involvement.

With intensifying global competition in the casino industry, it has become critically important to strengthen employee professionalism. Nonetheless, there has been little research about this aspect. As such, we investigated how casino employees perceive the constructs that constitute professionalism and its impacts on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. From a survey of 141 employees in four casinos in Jeju Island, 137 responses were used in the analysis. First, factor analysis validated the two constructs of affective and normative commitments among three theory-suggested constructs of organizational commitments (affective, normative, and continuance commitments). Then, research hypotheses were tested by structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that “the sense of calling” and “belief in public service” affected job satisfaction; “belief in self-regulation and autonomy” influenced affective commitment; and “using the professional organization as a major referent” affected both affective and normative commitments. We also found that job satisfaction affected affective and normative commitments. In conclusion, the contribution of this study lies in that we identified the sub-constructs of organizational commitment for the casino industry, and we found that perceived professionalism contributes not only to the individuals’ satisfaction but also to the commitment to the organization. Based on these findings, we provide meaningful implications to the industry.

The present study was conducted to define the meaning of voluntourism and to develop its value in tourists’ experience by demonstrating the authenticity of voluntourism as a form of alternative tourism. For the purpose of projecting the theoretical construct into more manageable research scales, authenticity of tourism was deducted by the three steps of collecting and categorizing, rearranging the collected 60 data samples in an on-line community for voluntourism, and drawing conclusions. In order to analyze the collected data systematically, 25 voluntourism cases were selected according to spatial criteria of countries, content criteria of activity, and personal criteria of motivation. Through the components of voluntourism experiences that appeared in the 25 selected cases, authenticity of voluntourism was derived by inductive inference. Finally, three major experiences of voluntourism were delineated as representative authenticity of tourism, which were mentioned most frequently in the total data set. As an inductive conclusion of this study, these experiences were denominated as “pursuing experience for the exotic environment,” “pursuing experience for self-growth,” and “pursuing experience for cultural exchange.” The characteristics and the ways of interpretation of the authenticity of voluntourism derived in this study are expected to suggest valuable implications for useful baseline data in understanding tourists’ needs for voluntourism as an important form of alternative tourism.

This study aimed at analyzing the institutionalization process of a home-sharing business in Japan by applying political systems-policy network theory. The literature review covered the concepts of home-sharing business, political systems-policy network theory, and the related precedent studies. For the research design, a conceptual model was proposed. Case study method was employed and the time scope of the research was established from June 2015 to June 2017. The major findings of this study revealed that the institutionalization process of the home-sharing business in Japan was affected by the political environment, the technological environment, the international environment, and the tourism market environment. The policy community model was formed by diverse official and non-official political actors. Finally, for policy output, an independent law was enacted. Based on these findings, theoretical implications for the research of the institutionalization process of the home-sharing business and the importance of forming a policy network in the institutionalization process are discussed.

This study aimed to discover the effects of entrepreneurship and internal and external CSR activities on hotel employees' organizational trust and job satisfaction, comprehensively. A proposed model based on previous research was empirically tested via structural equation modeling by AMOS using 450 valid samples collected from current employees of 15 deluxe hotels in South Korea. The results showed that entrepreneurship had a direct impact on both internal and external CSR activities. Both CSR activities had a direct impact on organizational trust. Both CSR activities had no direct impact on job satisfaction, but job satisfaction was indirectly affected by both CSR activities through the full mediation of organizational trust. These findings indicate that there exist interrelationships among entrepreneurship, internal and external CSR activities, organizational trust, and job satisfaction. In particular, the importance of entrepreneurship and internal and external CSR activities were identified in terms of hotels' sustainable management and effective organizational management by confirming their impact on organizational trust of employees. In addition, organizational trust was verified as an antecedent factor to improve job satisfaction. Finally, theoretical contributions and practical implications of results are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to understand the role of leisure in the process of post-traumatic growth in firefighters. In-depth interviewing was employed to explore the characteristics of post-traumatic growth for 10 firefighters who had more than 10 years of work experience and who participated in a leisure activity more than three times a week. The results of thematic analysis revealed that leisure influenced at least four aspects of life experience, directly related to four emergent themes: (1) seeking to restore mind and body, (2) finding importance in everyday life, (3) finding meaning in the job, and (4) continuing personal distress and growth often coexist. Participants sought personally meaningful activities to make sense of their lives and to find meaning in everyday life. This study found a vital role of meaningful engagement in activities for experiencing post-traumatic growth. Implications for further research and practice are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to synthetically review 10 years of research on the leisure of marriage migrant women in Korea. A close look at the research databases (i.e., DBpia, KISS, E-article) showed that a total of 37 research articles have been published in relation to the topic of leisure among marriage migrant women in Korea since the first publication of its kind in 2008. Results also indicated that there have been four major research sub-topics on the leisure of marriage migrant women in Korea: positive roles of leisure, leisure constraints and negotiations, the relationship between acculturation and leisure participation, and leisure satisfaction and its factors. Seen from the prism of research on race, ethnicity, and leisure in North America, 10 years of research on leisure of marriage migrant women in Korea seems to be relatively limited in terms of its topical scope as well as the conceptual and theoretical approaches. Future research directions and limitations of the study are discussed at the end of this research for a new era of leisure research on marriage migrant women in Korea.

This study was to form a typology after analyzing how guesthouse operators perceive guesthouses by using Q methodology. The results of Q analyses showed that 37 operators perceived four types: accommodations for travel convenience, accommodations to revive the economy, space for communication and information sharing, and alternative accommodations of legal regulation and fostering. Type 1, accommodations for travel convenience, means that they perceived guesthouses as a convenient space for travelling. Type 2, accommodations to revive the economy, means that they perceived guesthouses as a measure for national and regional economic revival and a way to create added value. Type 3, space for communication and information sharing, means that they perceived guesthouses as communication space for cultural exchange among travelers and local residents. Type 4, alternative accommodations of legal regulation and fostering, means that they perceived guesthouses as alternative accommodations that strengthen legal regulations and both foster and support. According to the results, academic, legislative, and political suggestions and implications were found, such as detailed research on medium-low priced accommodation, strong regulation of illegal guesthouses and relaxed regulations on business operators, expanding financial support, and creating tourist clusters based on guesthouses.

Most studies on the technology trends in the field of tourism have mainly focused on the cases that are currently used by the tourism industry. The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively measure and evaluate technology trends in the tourism field in Korea and the U.S. based on tourism-related patents. For this purpose, this study attempts to derive the detailed techniques used in the field of tourism using the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model of topic modeling and to understand the growing and declining technologies that are currently being used in both countries. As a result of this analysis, eight technologies were identified: (1) tourism information providing systems based on location information; (2) improvements in travel bag function and design; (3) business methods related to the hospitality industry; (4) tourism information provision and experience systems based on augmented and virtual reality; (5) terminal devices and software related to tourism information provision systems; (6) improvements in the function and design of travel equipment (excluding travel bags); (7) travel recommendation and reservation systems; and (8) travel information sharing and travel record collection systems. Three of these technologies are growing in Korea (tourism information and experience systems based on augmented reality and virtual reality, travel recommendation and reservation systems, and travel information sharing and travel record collection systems) and two are declining (business methods related to the hospitality industry and terminal devices and software related to tourism information provision systems). Data for the initial research on the tourism-related technology analysis and information about the technologies to be applied in tourism in the future is provided.