KJC Korea
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This study examined serendipity that provides admiration, happiness, and continuity of happiness in travel. To this end, we used the concept and system of the contingency presented by Kuki Shuzo, "What is the contingency?" Kuki shuzo categorized the contingency into largely categorical contingency, hypothetical contingency, and disjunctive contingency. Hypothetical contingency is classified as reasonal contingency, causal contingency, and objective contingency. The coincidence in everyday life starts from categorical contingency and a reasonal chance, and a causal contingency and a causal contingency are combined with a simultaneity and the instrumentality. In this process, we are characterized by giving a nobleness while contemplating ontological meaning. Also, causal contingency and objective contingency were combined with causal inevitability or objective inevitability, resulting in the admiration of fate. Travel becomes an unfamiliar environment, making us unpredictable, focusing on the present moment, and not knowing the cause or purpose of the situation that occurs, we feel a kind of inevitable sense of awe. Travel thus provides an optimal environment for serendipity. It also suggests that it is appropriate to travel improvisedly or travel alone in order to experience more serendipity in travel.

Hotel demand has globally grown, and competition in the hotel industry is becoming more intense. This is due to the global strategies of leading hotels in the world and the imbalance in the supply of hotels. Recently, local hotel companies have reviewed new establishment and operation centered on budget and economy hotels in the metropolitan area, while these hotels are required to maximize profits when selecting the optimal location. In this process, the characteristics of existing competitors should be considered. Therefore, this study analyzed the optimal location decisions of new hotels considering the characteristics of existing competitors within the limited budget based on the data of hotels and tourists in Seoul. This paper presents an optimization mathematical model which is a limited scientific method and examined the necessity and validity of the proposed model through scenario analysis. This study can be a foundation for optimal location selection of new hotels with scientific techniques.

Leisure activities play an important role in our lives. Leisure activities during the college years in particular can help students to develop their happiness, personal potential and self-realization skills, in addition to contributing to a successful college life. Accordingly, this research aims to present practical suggestions for understanding the importance of students’ leisure activities by examining the relationship among their leisure satisfaction, self-esteem and quality of life. This study also investigates whether the frequency of leisure participation influences students’ leisure satisfaction and influential factors (i.e., self-esteem, quality of life). The survey was conducted with college students attending universities in South Gyeongsangnam-do from March to April 2016, and 405 out of 420 questionnaires were used in the analysis. The analysis results of all university students showed that emotional and educational factors affected their self-esteem and quality of life. The frequency of leisure participation influenced leisure satisfaction, quality of life and self-esteem, aside from physical satisfaction. The results provide empirical proof that college students’ leisure activities influence their self-esteem and quality of life. In this context, the study emphasizes the need for institutions and colleges to develop and provide numerous leisure programs.

Using content analysis, this study analyzes the research trend of 123 Chinese studies published in seven tourism KCI journals from 2012 to 2017. The results of the study shows that the rate of researches authored by two persons seems to be increased year by year. In addition, the frequent field and subject of Chinese tourists research turns out tourism & medical industry, and marketing area, respectively. Consumer behaviors are more frequent in the marketing subdivision, and similar results are obtained in the keyword analysis. Regarding research methodology, study sample is mainly tourists drawn by convenience sampling. The sample size is frequent in the group of 201-300 and more than 401. Questionnaire is a main method to carry out the research and descriptive statistics, factor/cluster/ discriminant analysis, & regression analysis were mostly used. The characteristics of references shows that the average number of references is 48.14 per research paper and the researches cited more recent domestic papers than the foreign papers. This study discusses the implications of the study and future research directions.

This study aims to construct the spatial topological characteristics of tourism space by utilizing virtual reality technique and to confirm the influence of tourist spatial cognition from them on satisfaction. It is also intended to reveal which tourist information is more affected by cognition change of tourists depending on the spatial topology. To verify given hypotheses, quasi-experimental study was conducted in this study. For factorial designs 2(Spatial topological characteristics: LOW vs HIGH) × 2(Tourist Information System vs Request for help) was set. Results showed a difference in tourist spatial recognition according to spatial topology characteristics in virtual reality where the same facility is deployed. In addition, it was found that the information on the tourism environment have different levels of interaction effects in spaces with different spatial topology characteristics.

This study examined the influence of elementary school children’s perception of tourism impact on affect and attitudes toward tourists. The research was conducted under the assumption that there will be differences in the 107perception of tourism impacts as well as affect and attitudes of tourists depending on the frequency level of contact with tourists. It was found that the high contact frequency group had lower perception scores of positive tourism impact than the low contact frequency group. In contrast, the high contact frequency group showed higher perception scores of negative tourism impact. Similarly, the high contact frequency group had lower positive affect scores and higher negative affect scores toward tourists than the low contact frequency group. The attitude toward tourists also showed similar results which the high contact frequency group with visitors had lower attitude scores than the low contact frequency group. These results suggest that schools, community and tourists need to work together for preventing emotional hurts by tourists. Second, it is suggested that efforts should be made to minimize the damage to the real life of the local residents.

This study aimed at analyzing the policy network structure of tourism startup support policy of local government by using social network analysis method. The literature review covered the concepts of tourism startup support policy, policy network, and the related precedent studies. For the research design, an analytical model was proposed. The model was composed of policy actors, policy areas, and analytical factors. For the research case Seoul Metropolitan Government was selected. And the data was collected by focus group sampling method. The findings showed that in the analysis of density, the cohesion of tourism startup support policy network was in relatively good level. And in the analysis of centrality, Korea Tourism Organization and Seoul Metropolitan Government had central influence in overall policy area and sub-policy area respectively. And in the analysis of structural hole, Korea Tourism Startup Association occupied a strategic position in overall policy area, meanwhile, Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Sports and Korea Tourism Association occupied a strategic position in sub-policy area. Based on the findings, theoretical implications were discussed and practical suggestions were made for effective implementation of tourism startup support policy of local government.

This study is to analyze the patterns of revisit foreign tourists in trip planning, activity and, post trip phase by using the analysis of the decision Tree technique; a CHAID algorithm. The increase in the revisit ratio of foreign tourists visiting Korea is an important market for reducing the cost of enterprises and increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of finances. According to the results of the analysis, there were 20 terminal nodes in the planning stage, 11 terminal nodes in the trip stage, and 11 terminal nodes in the post-trip stage, which were statistically significant at each of stages of revisiting foreign tourists. The major factors influencing the root node by a CHAID algorithm were the country of residence, the purpose of the visit, the decision point of the trip (one month), the number of companions, the occupation, the travel information acquisition route, the age and gender in the planning state. And there were he country of residence, occupation, and age in the trip stage. In the post-trip stage, it was influenced the revisiting behavior and recommendation to travel to Korea within 3 years depending on the country of residence and age.

This study was made to analyze the influencing factors and its results in policy change process of the Japanese interpretation guide qualification system since 2000s, using the Kingdon’s multiple streams framework. It analyzed how was the problem stream, the political stream, policy stream, policy window and who the policy entrepreneurs was in 3 stages, in early of 2010s, early of 2010s and mid of 2010s. Results159 show that main influencing factors to the change of interpretation guide qualification system was the political stream―like national new economic policy and tourism policy, Prime Minister Abe and Meeting of Regulation Reform as the policy entrepreneurs. Also, it was found out that a review committee was being held for a long period to revise the qualification system. Finally, Japanese interpretation guide qualification system was changed from market entry regulation in 2000s to abolishment of the regulation in June, 2017. This result of the policy output was totally opposite of Korea which chose the employment-obligation of a qualified person. This study will be the source to broaden the study of changes in tourism policy and search for new policy of licensed tourist guide in Korea.

Tourism experience refers to what tourists have felt through tourism activities at their destinations. Tourism experience can vary depending on who they are with and where they go. Therefore tourism experience research has been limited despite its importance in the field of tourism since it is hard to measure tourist tourism experience including all dimensions of all the individuals’ perceived emotions. Based on literature review, tourism experience can be categorized into self-beneficial, companionship and local hospitality experience. This study focuses on the hypothesized empirical analysis of the relationship between tourism experience factors, place attachment and behavioral intention of tourists in Jeju Island, which is the representative tourist destination in Korea. The result of this analysis, self-beneficial, companionship and local hospitality experience influenced behavioral intention and place attachment. And place attachment partially mediated between the relation of tourism experience and behavioral intention. This confirms that tourists’ higher level of place attachment through tourism experience is able to increase the higher degree of their behavioral intention.

The purpose of this study is to differentiate contingent perceived risks from overall perceived risk of low cost carriers, and to test the differences in overall and perceived risk by demographic characteristics and use experiences. According to the results, contingent risk perceptions for domestic flight are lower than general perceived risks, while perceived risks of international flight are higher than general perceived risks. The results show that consumers perceive risks differently when particular situations are given, as compared to the situation when general risk perception is asked. For the difference in perceived risks by demographic characteristics, males perceive higher risks than females. In case of risk factor of performance and psychological/physical elements, the perceived risk level has positive(+) relationships with respondents’ age. Respondents’ use experience of low cost carriers shows negative(-) correlations with perceived risks. Theoretical and practical implications with the direction for further research are addressed based on the results.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of self-regulatory mode (locomotion mode vs. assessment mode) on purchase intention according to the sorting possibility and categorization. Experiment 1 examines the moderating effects of attribute’s alignability, and Experiment 2 examines the moderating effects of categorization. College students in Seoul and Kyunggi province participated in experiments for 20 days from May 4 to 15, 2018, with 247 participants and 203 participants in Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, respectively. As a result, In Experiment 1, the interaction effect of the attribute’s alignability and the self-regulatory mode were statistically significant. In Experiment 2, the interaction effect between categorization and self-regulatory mode were statistically significant. In conclusion, the results of this experiment suggest the implications of consumers' behavioral changes in purchasing travel products and suggestions of how to present them in presenting travel products.