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This current study offers a review of tourism resource theories in Korea and foreign countries through a document review research approach. From this review, the present study discusses the meaning of tourism resources, tourism resource theory changes, comparison of tourism resource theory and tourism geography, research methods in tourism resource theory, and tourism resource theory composition. In this study, it was suggested that in order for tourism resource theory to fit into the overarching domain of tourism theory, it is necessary to actively accept the social science approach as well as academic approach used in tourism geography. 'Tourism resources' becomes meaningful as tourism resources are planned, developed and managed for the utilization of tourists and local residents who the main users. Evaluation of tourism resources can be useful for monitoring planning, development and management of tourism resources. In this context, the current study suggests that the field of tourism resource theory should be divided into the following subsections: i) tourism resource theory ii) tourism resource planning iii) tourism resource development iv) tourism resource management v) tourism resource evaluation. By doing so, greater insight into the topics, subjects and scope of its research, as well as how tourism resource theory might better be implemented as a subject of study, can ultimately contribute to establishing the future direction of tourism resource theory.

This study aims to analyze trends in tourism economics research published to tourism and hospitality areas, and suggest research directions in the future. To this end this study searched for “tourism economics” from the database of KCI(Korea Citation Index) by Korean Research Foundation during the periods of 2002∼2020 and implemented language network analysis and visualization. Research papers of tourism economics were broadly classified by forecasting tourism demand, economic impacts, and valuation, in which major key words were derived. Results show that Journal of Tourism Sciences published the largest research papers of tourism economics(81), followed by Journal of Tourism & Leisure Research(77), Korean Journal of Hospitality & Tourism(46), Korean Journal of Tourism Research(39), International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Research(39), and Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Studies(15). With regard to detailed fields of research papers, forecasting tourism demand was dominant, but showed a decreasing trend. Recently research papers of economic impacts indicated more increasing trend than valuation. The results of language network analysis indicate that major key words included “tourism”, “demand”, “input-output model”, “time-series”, “CVM”, “festival”, “willingness to pay(WTP)”, and “tourism demand.” The visualized results of language network show that the major key word of “tourism” was highlighted with “WTP”, “festival”, “tourist”, “multiplier”, and “time-series” during the periods of 2002∼2014. On the other hand, the major key word of “demand” was highlighted with “festival”, “tourism demand”, and “tourist“ during the periods of 2015∼2020. When comparing two periods, valuation papers were dominant in the past, but recently papers related to tourism demand and economic impacts showed an increasing trend. Furthermore, studies on festival were show a more increasing trend.

This study aimed to reflect on how tourism policy have been studied in Korea and to provide future directions by reviewing previous studies on tourism policy published in the Journal of Tourism Sciences. To achieve the objectives, a meta analysis was performed to examine existing studies on tourism policy from the perspective of policy study orientation, namely, problem orientation, contextuality orientation, and interdisciplinary orientation. Only the articles published between 1991 and 2020 were included in the current analysis to yield relevant outcomes. A total of 55 articles were included in the analysis. The results show that tourism policy studies of the last 30 years do not sufficiently reflect policy study orientation. Therefore, the following implications were proposed. First, more effort should be put toward drawing useful results with problem orientation. Second, collaborative research should be encouraged to strengthen interdisciplinary orientation. Third, more diverse research methods should be applied. Fourth, theoretical studies should be encouraged to improve problem orientation. Fifth, localization of tourism policy studies needs to be increased to enhance contextuality orientation. Sixth, the number of studies on tourism policy should be increased as well as the improvement of their quality. Finally, the perspective of tourism researchers toward tourism policies and related studies should be changed.

The purpose of this study is to explore innovative tourism policies in preparation for the post-COVID-19 era. Each local government should support the related laws and systems so that various tourist contents can be developed and distributed in preparation for post-COVID-19. It is time to have tourism policy to prepare for the post-COVID-19 era while safely activating the domestic tourism industry. Therefore, this study aims to prepare for the post-COVID-19 era by presenting innovative tourism policies of tourism industry, which is one of the most hit areas due to COVID-19. The innovative tourism policy of the post-COVID-19 era was presented, and the contents are as follows: (a) the development of drive-through tourism model, (b) the response to overtourism, (c) the cultivation of leisure industry that offers innovative marine culture tourism experience, (d) the establishment of tourism infrastructure in rural areas corresponding to urban tourism which is characterized as a new paradigm of tourism - smart tourism, (e) the creation tourism environment that supports tourism in North Korea, and (f) the revitalization of the convergence tourism industry which can be permeated in to everyday life. Macroscopically, the tourism industry should respond to climate change immediately and participate in the revitalization of tourism on the Korean peninsula. The tourism industry will be an important leverage to create a future Korean economy in the post-COVID-19 era. The transition of the idea that the current crisis of tourism industry is an opportunity will contribute to advancing the tourism of Korea in the post-COVID-19 era. Based on the analysis of previous studies, this study draws meaningful implications for future research.

Continuous advances in tourism environments, such as in transportation and information technology, have enabled tourists to visit multiple destinations during a single trip and inspired multi-destination travel research. Yet theoretical development around multi-destination travel lags behind, particularly in systematically explaining the hierarchical structure of complex connections between/among tourism destinations. This study explores the connective patterns of tourism destinations by applying central place theory from geography. Data were drawn from the 2018 Daegu Tourism Survey, conducted by the metropolitan city of Daegu. These data were processed using several social network analysis techniques, including density analysis and normalized closeness centrality, to identify inter-destination connections. Tourists were also classified into two groups (high- and low-expense) based on their travel expenses. Results reveal clear differences in network density between these groups. The groups’ ranking of tourism destinations varied as well. Additionally, a central tourism destination was identified by the closeness centrality, indicating that central place theory can effectively convey the distribution patterns of tourism destinations in a city. These findings offer theoretical and practical implications to enhance tourism destination environments.

Today’s education market is actively discussing the role and direction of college education due to diverse changes in the educational environment such as the difficulty of finding jobs, the decrease in the number of school-age people, and online education. For the tourism industry, which has a high reliance on human services, it is significant to cultivate excellent manpower through effective college education, and it is timely to discuss how to educate students more effectively. Although it is important to promote tourism education research that can improve the educational environment and effectiveness by understanding the inherent and external factors involved in tourism education, prior literature has been limited in reviewing previous studies and giving research directions. This study aims to analyze the research trends of the tourism education and present the research directions. In order to achieve this, 202 papers from six major journals listed in the Korea Citation Index were collected by the year of publication, research subject, and research method. The result indicated that while curriculum topics are the most popular, there is a low interest in practical educational research such as students’ field practices. As for the educational environment, most studies have focused on students’ learning environment, and topics of campus life have been overlooked. Further, as the majority of studies have employed quantitatively-oriented research methods, it is suggested to promote other methods including mixed methods research. We also encourage researchers to target educational suppliers such as professors and industry professionals. Based upon the research findings according to the classification nomenclature, the present study can improve tourism education by addressing the implications and future directions for tourism education research.

Food is considered one of the important factors among many tourist resources as it creates an image of tourism and induces tourists to visit again who are satisfied with the food. In terms of tourism, the importance of food experiences and visits to restaurants is increasing. Therefore, this study selected Jeju Island, Korea's leading tourist destination, as the research site. The purpose of the study was to explore the determinants of Jeju seafood's willingness to pay, noting that although Jeju Island's seafood was an important tourist resource, research conducted in this area was somewhat insufficient. The candidates to account for willingness to pay are price fairness, amount, poor sanitation, and healthiness. This study executed data collection for Koreans at Jeju Airport for 3 days from November 25 to 27, 2019. The total number of data used in the analysis is 252. Research hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression. The results appears that willingness to pay is positively influenced by price fairness, amount, and healthiness. However, willingness to pay is negatively affected by poor sanitation. In terms of the control variables, consumers with higher monthly household income have higher willingness to pay for seafood. This study investigated the willingness of tourists to pay for seafood in Jeju Island to turn local specialties into tourism resources. Given the results, this research presents the implication to enhance the quality of Jeju seafood to develop tourism resources.

Recently, a growing number of local governments are seeking to invigorate the local economy through smart tourism, a high value-added industry. Thus, while many researchers discuss the economic value of smart tourism, there are few studies that present specific data. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide empirical basis for the economic value of smart tourism by predicting changes in the number of tourists through smart tourism. Furthermore, it aims to present specific and objective data to local governments that seek to revitalize the local economy through smart tourism. To achieve this research objective, this study utilized demand forecasting techniques that take into account visit intention and feasibility rates, and collected data through online surveys. Specifically, the study sampled the residents of metroplitan area through quota sampling and examined their respective willingness to visit Jeonju, Gyeongju, and Gangneung when they were traditional tourist cities and smart tourist cities. The analysis shows that the average number of tourists in smart tourist cities is expected to increase twice as much. In addition, as a result of analyzing the differences in the willingness to visit between existing cities and smart tourism cities, women showed higher willingness to visit than men, and 60s showed the highest willingness to visit. These analysis results were not only empirical grounds for the economic value of smart tourism, which had been discussed only conceptually, but the study also presented basic data to local governments seeking to vitalize the local economy through smart tourism.

This study analyzed the influence of the cultural capital of the individual in the decision-making process that leads consumers to cultural consumption. The study between cultural capital and cultural arts participation should pay attention to practical cultural participation behaviors, not participation intention or preference. Therefore, to achieve the purpose of the study, the Uijeongbu Music Theater Festival(UMTF) was selected where both paid and free performances could be participated at the same time. A survey was conducted from May 13 to 21, 2017, and 368 questionnaires were used for the final analysis. The result showed that the effect of festival participants' cultural capital on their participation in performing arts, motivation for participation, and consumption of paid performances was verified. It showed that cultural capital influences participation, motivation and participation. Moreover, the acquired capital was a stronger influence on involvement and artistic motivation than inherited capital and inherited capital was affected only emotional involvement. Also, emotional and cognitive involvement both affect artistic motivation, and artistic motivation has a significant effect on paid performances. Therefore, the capital acquired through the contact process with culture and arts in the course of growth has a greater influence on current performance art consumption, even if it is not experienced as a child. It suggested that the government needs to actively expand the culture and arts education and provide opportunities for the people.

This study examines the influences of flight attendants’ job crafting on positive psychological capital and core self-evaluation. The purpose of the study is to provide implications on increasing the quality of cabin service in the future. The study surveyed flight attendants from domestic air flight companies during one month from July 1st to 31st, 2019. The questionnaire was completed with a self-administered method. A total of 319 questionnaires were collected. After excluding the incomplete or dishonest questionnaires, 309 surveys were used in the analysis. We used a snowball sampling technique for collecting data. The results indicate that cognitive crafting and job crafting pose influences on positive psychological capital, and relation crafting, cognitive crafting, and job crafting exert influences on flight attendants' core self-evaluation. Positive psychological capital had a significant influence on core self-evaluation. The mediating role of positive psychological capital was identified between cognitive crafting, job crafting, and core self-evaluation. However, mediating effect was not found between relation crafting and core self-evaluation. The results indicated that through job crafting, the formation of cabin attendants’ active attitude would increase individuals’ positive mind, confidence in challenges and strengths in core self-evaluation.