An Exploratory Study of Shopping and Optional Tour Oriented Behavior by Tour Guides: Focusing on Foucault’s Disciplinary Power Approach

An， So-Hyun; Lee Choong-Ki

doi:10.17086/JTS.2017.41.5.11.34

This study analyzed tour guide oriented behavior in terms of shopping and optional tour usage from the viewpoint of Foucault's disciplinary power. Tour guides experienced a conflict between their role as guide and their responsibility to generate profit through shopping and optional tour usage. Eventually however, they become tour guides who generate revenue suitable for the current travel industry. By analyzing this from the point of view of disciplinary power composed of relationships, knowledge and surveillance, it was clear that qualified tour guides influenced tourists. This occurred through their specialized tourism knowledge and their relationship with tourists. It is through these influences that tour guides induce shopping and optional tour usage. Conversely, unqualified tour guides were also shown to induce shopping and optional tour purchases through intimidation and high-pressure selling because they are unable to exert their influence effectively on tourists. This was due to their lack of specialized tourism knowledge. Shopping and optional tour sales as induced by tour guides were scored and ranked and sequenced as in a conventional test. From these results, tour guides are compensated or punished. Through this process, tour guides internalize the role of revenue generation. The findings of this study have academic significance in that it we are now able to analyze a tour guides’ behavior from a social point of view.

Citation status

KCI Citation Counts (6)
열림/닫힘 버튼
REFERENCES (65)
열림/닫힘 버튼
* 2021년 이후 발행 논문의 참고문헌은 현재 구축 중입니다.

[web] / 2016 / 관광지식정보시스템 / http://www.tour.go.kr

[journal] 김경님 / 2006 / A Study on License Examination System and Working Environment of In-bound Tour Guide / 관광연구저널 / 한국관광연구학회 20(2) : 87~98

[journal] 김사헌 / 2008 / Urry’s Tourist Gaze Discourse: Critics and Extension / 관광학연구 / 한국관광학회 32(6) : 85~103

[journal] 김진옥 / 2016 / A Study on the Perception of Elderly Leisure of the Reality Program “Grandpa over Flowers” Older Generation Viewers: Focusing on the Middle Class / 관광학연구 / 한국관광학회 40(7) : 11~29 / http://dx.doi.org/10.17086/JTS.2016.40.7.11.29

[journal] 김혁조 / 2008 / The Habitual Saturation Modes and Practical Modes of Disciplinary Power in TV Drama Production / 한국방송학보 / 한국방송학회 22(4) : 7~48

[web] / 2016 / 성매매업소 옆 숙소… 뺑뺑이 쇼핑… 유커 "저질관광 기가 막혀" / 동아일보 / http://news.donga.com/Main/3/all/20160211/76385339/1

[report] 문화체육관광부 / 2016 / 2015 외래관광객 실태조사

[report] 문화체육관광부 / 2015 / 관광산업 육성대책

[journal] 박선희 / 2001 / 가이드의 역할과 관광객 행태 변화 / 호텔관광연구 7 : 259~279

[journal] 박철 / 2013 / A study of the distortion of communication caused by the difference of historical perspectives between Chinese tour guides and Korean tourists in Goguryo theme travel / 호텔관광연구 / 한국호텔관광학회 15(1) : 18~33

[journal] 손해경 / 2011 / An exploratory research regarding shopping tourism experiences of inbound Chinese tourists: Is shopping in Korea tour planned or impulsive? / 관광학연구 / 한국관광학회 35(4) : 113~135

[web] / 2014 / 10년 경력 가이드의 장탄식 “돈 뽑으려면 딴짓 안할 수 없죠” / 아시아경제 / http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2014111910464835981

[journal] 오정준 / 2008 / Implications of Disciplinary Power in Tourism Destination / 한국지역지리학회지 / 한국지역지리학회 14(4) : 436~451

[journal] 윤현호 / 2012 / Women's Leisure based on Foucault’s Disciplinary Power - Focused on Professional Baseball Audience - / 관광연구 / 대한관광경영학회 27(2) : 341~367

[journal] 윤현호 / 2012 / Investigating the Perspectives of the Chinese Touristsand the Korean Local Residents: Using the Urry's Theory / 관광학연구 / 한국관광학회 36(10) : 239~263

[journal] 이광호 / 2005 / An inquiry disciplinary power to man's golf athletes through Focault's bodily discourse / 한국체육학회지 / 한국체육학회 44(4) : 109~118

[journal] 이금실 / 2012 / An Exploratory Study of the Augmented Reality Applications’role of Tour Experience to the Cultural Heritage Site / 대한경영학회지 / 대한경영학회 25(2) : 1061~1079

[journal] 이동성 / 2009 / Power, Knowledge And Subject - Focused on foucault' subject thought / 정치커뮤니케이션연구 / 한국정치커뮤니케이션학회 (15) : 277~317

[journal] 이민진 / 2016 / A Phenomenological Study on Sport Counselor Trainees’ Internship Experiences Regarding to the Process of Counseling / 한국스포츠심리학회지 / 한국스포츠심리학회 27(1) : 71~86 / http://dx.doi.org/10.14385/KSSP.27.1.71 ISSN 1226-685X

[journal] 조광익 / 2007 / A Philosophical Meaning of Leisure in Modern Society: A Critical Theory’s Perspective / 관광학연구 / 한국관광학회 31(5) : 393~417

[journal] 조광익 / 2005 / Leisure and Tourism as Apparatuses of Power: An Approach from the Foucault's Genealogy of Power / 관광레저연구 / (사)한국관광레저학회 17(2) : 97~116

[journal] 조광익 / 2002 / Disciplinary Power and Tourism: Foucault’s Genealogical Approach / 관광학연구 / 한국관광학회 26(3) : 255~278

[web] / 2016 / 하루 쇼핑만 6번... 한국인 못들어오게 막고 유커에 바가지 / 조선일보 / http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2016/09/01/2016090100465.html

[journal] 조원광 / 2012 / Revisiting Michel Foucault’s theory of power: Focus on a comparison with exchange theory, network theory and 3-dimensional power theory / 경제와 사회 / 비판사회학회 (94) : 242~273

[web] 중앙일보 / 2016 / 중국 관광객 한 명당 5만원… 현대판 ‘인두세’? / 중앙일보 / http://news.joins.com/article/19729692

[journal] 최인호 / 2005 / On the Social Construction of Tourist Destinations through Media Discourse / 관광학연구 / 한국관광학회 29(2) : 487~505

[web] / 2015 / 무자격가이드ㆍ바가지ㆍ무허가숙박… 관광 한국 망치는 주범 / 헤럴드경제 / http://biz.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=20150617000001

[journal] 현은지 / 2016 / Effects of a Tourist Guide’s Non - verbal Communication Capabilities on the Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention of Tourists: Focusing on Chinese Tourists Visiting Korea / 관광학연구 / 한국관광학회 40(10) : 43~59 / http://dx.doi.org/10.17086/JTS.2016.40.10.43.59

[journal] 홍민정 / 2013 / The Influence of Customer-to-Customer Interaction and Customer Homogeneity on Customer Satisfaction in Tourism Service:in Terms of Moderating Effect of Service Provider's Arbitration / 관광학연구 / 한국관광학회 37(4) : 233~256

[journal] Bae, S / 2013 / Taxi tour guides as culture brokers on Jeju island in South Korea / Tourism Culture & Communication 13(2) : 95~112

[journal] Bianchi, R / 2009 / The ‘critical turn’ in tourism studies : A radical critique / Tourism Geographies 11(4) : 484~504

[journal] Bourke, T / 2015 / Schooling teachers: Professionalism or disciplinary power? / Educational Philosophy and Theory 47(1) : 84~100

[journal] Bruner, E / 2001 / The Maasai and the lion king : Authenticity, nationalism, and globalization in African tourism / American Ethnologist 28(4) : 881~908

[journal] Cheong, S / 2000 / Power and tourism : A Foucauldian observation / Annals of Tourism Research 27(2) : 371~390

[book] Church, A / 2006 / Tourism, power and space / Routledge

[journal] Cohen, E / 1985 / The tourist guide : The origins, structure and dynamics of a role / Annals of Tourism Research 12(1) : 5~29

[journal] Cohen, E / 2002 / A new paradigm in guiding : The madrich as a role model / Annals of Tourism Research 29(4) : 919~932

[book] Colaizzi, F / 1978 / Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it / Oxford University Press

[book] Creswell, J / 2007 / 질적연구방법론: 다섯 가지접근 / 학지사

[journal] Dahles, H / 2002 / The politics of tour guiding : Image management in Indonesia / Annals of Tourism Research 29(3) : 783~800

[journal] Jamal, T / 2001 / Tourism and the forbidden zone : The underserved power of qualitative inquiry / Tourism Management 22(1) : 63~82

[journal] Edensor, T / 2000 / Staging tourism : Tourists as performers / Annals of Tourism Research 27(2) : 322~344

[book] Foucault, M / 1982 / Michel Foucault: Beyond structualism and hermeneutics / The University of Chicago Press : 208~216

[book] Foucault, M / 1976 / 성의 역사 1: 지식의 의지 / 나남

[book] Foucault, M / 1976 / 사회를 보호해야한다 / 동문선

[book] Foucault, M / 1975 / 감시와 처벌 / 나남

[book] Foucault, M / 1972 / 지식의 고고학 / 민음사

[journal] Fowler, P / 2013 / Critical issues affecting the service quality in water base tourism operator : A case study of the marine leisure tour guide in Andaman cluster, Thailand / Review of Management Innovation & Creativity 6(19) : 37~50

[journal] Geva, A / 1991 / Satisfaction measurement in guided tours / Annals of Tourism Research 18(2) : 177~185

[journal] Hannam, K / 2002 / Tourism and development I : Globalization and power / Progress in Development Studies 2(3) : 227~234

[journal] Hegarty, P / 2013 / Asymmetric explanations of group differences : Experimental evidence of Foucault’s disciplinary power / Social and Personality Psychology Compass 7(3) : 176~186

[journal] Hollinshead, K / 1999 / Surveillance of the worlds of tourism : Foucault and the eye-of-power / Tourism Management 20(1) : 7~23

[journal] Huang, S / 2009 / Tour guide performance and tourist satisfaction : A study of the package tours in Shanghai / Journal of Hospitality &Tourism Research 34(1) : 3~33

[journal] MacCannell, D / 2001 / Tourist agency / Tourist Studies 1(1) : 23~37

[journal] Maoz, D / 2006 / The mutual gaze / Annals of Tourism Research 33(1) : 221~239

[book] Merriam, S / 2009 / Qualitative research : A guide to design and implementation / Jossey-Bass

[book] Mills, S / 1991 / Discourse of difference : an analysis of women's travel writing and colonialism / Routledge

[journal] Liljeblad, J / 2015 / Using Foucault to construct normative guidelines for an ethics of tourist–indigenous encounters / Tourist Studies 15(1) : 65~85

[journal] Reisinger, Y / 2006 / Reconceptualising interpretation : The role of tour guides in authentic tourism / Current Issues in Tourism 9(6) : 481~498

[book] Rojek, C / 1985 / 자본주의와 여가이론 / 일신사

[book] Salazar, N / 2004 / Tourist behaviour: A psychological perspective / Kanishka Publishing House : 85~107

[journal] Tribe, J / 2006 / The truth about tourism / Annals of Tourism Research 33(2) : 360~381

[journal] Wearing, S / 2002 / The development of community-based tourism : Re-thinking the relationship between tour operators and development agents as intermediaries in rural and isolated area communities / Journal of Sustainable Tourism 10(3) : 191~206

[book] Urry, J / 1990 / The tourist gaze / Sage Publications

[journal] Xu, Y / 2016 / Tour guides under zero-fare mode : Evidence from China / Current Issues in Tourism 19(1) : 1~22

KJC Korea
Journal Central

Statistics

Tools

Sharing

Issue List

Citation status