The purpose of this study was to identify the common and connotation structure of the autobiographical memory formed by tourism experience. Based on Colaizzi’s phenomenological method, the contents of common autobiographical memories in the retrospective of tourism experience was summarized in an intensive structure. Specifically, the autobiographical memory in the pre-trip stage was structured into three categories('Travel planning', 'Self-directed planning', and 'Expectation and anxiety'). The on-site stage was structured into a single category(‘Unusual experiences’). Lastly, the post-trip stage’s autobiographical memory was structured into three categories(‘Discovering new meanings’, ‘Positively distorted emotions’, and ‘Savoring memories’). The tourism experience shown in autobiographical memory is derived from experiences that have given subjective meanings according to cognitive and affective self-consciousness. It may include past experience or unconsciously, automatically, or reflexively by certain external conditions or stimulation. In particular, prior knowledge and external stimulation accumulated from past experience acted as crucial influence factors of tourist behavior and decision-making, and the process of such selection was also a part of the autobiographical memory. It was also identified that the autobiographical memory could be reconstructed and distorted by various factors. Our findings may help researchers and practitioners understanding the decision-making mechanism in tourist autobiographical memory, and devise various theoretical and practical strategies for evoking and promoting memory.
이 연구는 관광객의 자전적 기억에서 나타나는 관광경험 구조에 대한 탐색과 함께 회고 내용에서 드러나는 관광객의 행동 기제를 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위해 Collaizzi(1978)가 제안한 기술적 현상학 중 경험적 현상학적 심리학적 체험연구 방법을 적용하여 관광경험에 대한 자전적 기억을 여행 전, 여행 중, 여행 후 단계에서 7개 범주, 13개 주제묶음, 29개 주제로 구조화하였다. 구체적으로 여행 전 자전적 기억은 ‘여행 계획 구상’, ‘주도적 계획 수립’, ‘여행 전 기대와 불안’의 3개 범주로 구조화되었으며, 여행 중 단계는 ‘비일상적 경험’으로, 마지막 여행 후 단계의 기억은 ‘새로운 의미 발견’, ‘감정의 긍정적 왜곡’, ‘기억의 저장 및 향유’의 3개 범주로 구조화됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 종합된 결과를 통해 자전적 기억에서 나타난 관광경험은 개인이 인지적, 정서적으로 자기의식에 따라 주관적인 의미를 부여한 경험 또는 과거 경험이나 외부의 특정한 조건이나 자극에 의해 무의식적, 자동적, 반사적으로 행해진 경험 등을 포함하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 과거 경험으로부터 축적된 사전지식이나 외부의 자극은 관광객의 행동과 의사결정에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인으로 작용하고 있었으며, 자전적 기억은 다양한 요인에 의해 재구성 및 왜곡될 수 있는 것임을 파악할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 관련 연구자 및 실무자들에게 관광객 자전적 기억에서 나타난 의사결정 구조나 작용 원리와 같은 메커니즘을 이해할 수 있는 기회를 제공하였으며, 기억의 환기 및 촉진을 위한 다양한 이론적, 실무적 전략을 제안하였다.
Home > Article > All Issues > Article View
Understanding the Structure of Tourism Experience in Autobiographical Memory
관광객 자전적 기억에서 나타나는 관광경험 구조의 이해: Colaizzi의 현상학적 연구방법 접근
Journal of Tourism Sciences(
관광학연구
)
Abbr :
JTS(
)
2020, 44(8), pp.33-54
Publisher : The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea ( 한국관광학회 )
Research Area : Tourism( 관광학 )
2020, 44(8), pp.33-54
Publisher : The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea ( 한국관광학회 )
Research Area : Tourism( 관광학 )
Han, Seok Ho (한진성) 1, Yoon Ji-Hwan (윤지환) 2
1경희대학교
2경희대학교
-
Tourism experience, Tourism memory, Autobiographical memory, Structure of tourism experience, Phenomenological research
관광경험, 관광기억, 자전적 기억, 관광경험 구조, 현상학적 연구, 경험적 현상학적 심리학적 체험연구 -
[journal] 안춘희 / 2008 / 자폐스펙트럼 장애아동의 일화기억에서 자기기억과 타인기억 연구 / 특수교육재활과학연구 / 특수교육재활과학연구소 47(1) : 259~275
[journal] Aho, S. K. / 2001 / Towards a general theory of touristic experiences: Modelling experience process in tourism / Tourism Review 56(3/4) : 33~37
[journal] Allwood, C. M. / 2006 / Eyewitnesses under influence:How feedback affects the realism in confidence judgements / Psychology, Crime & Law 12(1) : 25~38
[book] Atkinson, R. C. / 1968 / Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 2 / Academic Press : 89~195
[journal] Bluck, S. / 2005 / A tale of three functions : The self–reported uses of autobiographical memory / Social Cognition 23(1) : 91~117
[journal] Braun, K. A. / 2002 / Make my memory : How advertising can change our memories of the past / Psychology & Marketing 19(1) : 1~23
[journal] Braun-LaTour, K. A. / 2006 / Tourist memory distortion / Journal of Travel Research 44(4) : 360~367
[journal] Bromgard, G. D. / 2006 / Valence of self-cognitions : The positivity of individual self-statements / The Journal of Social Psychology 146(1) : 85~94
[journal] Brown, R. / 1977 / Flashbulb memories / Cognition 5(1) : 73~99
[journal] Chandralal, L. / 2015 / Memorable tourism experiences : Scale development / Contemporary Management Research 11(3) : 291~310
[journal] Choi, I. C. / 2004 / Hindsight bias and causal reasoning / The Korean Journal of Psychology : General 23(1) : 137~152
[journal] Cohen, E. / 1972 / Toward a sociology of international tourism / Social Research : 164~182
[journal] Cohen, E. / 1979 / A phenomenology of tourist experiences / Sociology 13(2) : 179~201
[book] Colaizzi, P. F. / 1978 / Existential Phenomenological Alternative for Psychology / Oxford University Press : 48~71
[book] Conway, M. A. / 1995 / Flashbulb memories / Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd
[journal] Coudounaris, D. N. / 2017 / Antecedents of memorable tourism experience related to behavioral intentions / Psychology &Marketing 34(12) : 1084~1093
[journal] Fivush, R. / 2011 / The development of autobiographical memory / Annual Review of Psychology 62 : 559~582
[journal] Han, J. S. / 2014 / An expectationconfirmation model for a mobile tourism application use’s stickiness / Korean Journal of Hospitality & Tourism 23(2) : 195~217
[journal] Hwang, J. Y. / 2019 / A Study on the essence and authenticity of templestay experience through van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenology / Journal of Tourism Sciences 43(2) : 29~53 / http://dx.doi.org/10.17086/JTS.2019.43.2.29.53
[journal] Hyman Jr, I. E. / 1998 / Errors in autobiographical memory / Clinical psychology review 18(8) : 933~947
[journal] 진영선 / 2010 / 자전적 기억의 특성 분석과 적용 가능성의 탐색 / 사회과학담론과 정책 / 사회과학연구원 3(2) : 207~229
[journal] Jun, S. H. / 2007 / Relationships between travel information search and travel product purchase in pretrip contexts / Journal of Travel Research 45(3) : 266~274
[journal] Kim, J. H. / 2010 / Determining the factors affecting the memorable nature of travel experiences / Journal of Travel &Tourism Marketing 27(8) : 780~796
[journal] Kim, J. H. / 2014 / The antecedents of memorable tourism experiences : The development of a scale to measure the destination attributes associated with memorable experiences / Tourism Management 44 : 34~45
[journal] Kim, J. H. / 2012 / Development of a scale to measure memorable tourism experiences / Journal of Travel Research 51(1) : 12~25
[journal] 김경미 / 2010 / 자기 참조적 출처 기억에서의 자기 긍정 편향 / 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격 / 한국사회및성격심리학회 24(1) : 47~61 / 10.21193/kjspp.2010.24.1.004
[journal] 김사헌 / 2007 / 관광학 연구에 있어서 질적 연구방법론의 상황과 도전: 관광학회지 논문의 메타분석 / 관광학연구 / 한국관광학회 31(1) : 13~32
[journal] Kuiper, N. A. / 1979 / Encoding of personal information : Self–other differences / Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37(4) : 499~
[journal] Kuwabara, K. J. / 2010 / Memories of past episodes shape current intentions and decisions / Memory 18(4) : 365~374
[journal] Larsen, S. / 2007 / Aspects of a psychology of the tourist experience / Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 7(1) : 7~18
[journal] Lee, H. A. / 2016 / The effects of social media on traveler’s autobiographical memory and intention to revisit travel destination / Information System Review 18(3) : 51~71
[journal] Lee, J. M. / 2000 / Is it necessary to distinguish memory from episodic memory? / Korean Journal of Cognitive Science 11(3) : 33~43
[book] Lee, N. I. / 2014 / Phenomenology and qualitative research / Hangilsa Publisnig Co., Ltd
[journal] MacCannell, D. / 1973 / Staged authenticity : Arrangements of social space in tourist settings / American Journal of Sociology 79(3) : 589~603
[book] Neisser, U. / 2000 / The Oxford Handbook of Memory : 315~332
[other] Ooi, C. S. / 2005 / A theory of tourism experiences:The management of attention / Experiencescapes : 51~68
[journal] Otto, J. E. / 1995 / Exploring the quality of the service experience : A theoretical and empirical analysis / Advances in Services Marketing and Management 4(1) : 37~61
[journal] Pearce, P. L. / 2013 / Minds on the move : New links from psychology to tourism / Annals of Tourism Research 40 : 386~411
[journal] Pizam, A. / 2010 / Creating memorable experiences / International Journal of Hospitality Management 29(3) : 343~
[book] Robinson, J. A. / 1992 / Theoretical perspectives on autobiographical memory / Kluwer Academic : 223~239
[journal] Rogers, T. B. / 1977 / Self-reference and the encoding of personal information / Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 35(9) : 677~
[journal] Schacter, D. L. / 1999 / The seven sins of memory : Insights from psychology and cognitive neuroscience / American Psychologist 54(3) : 182~203
[book] Schacter, D. L. / 1994 / Memory systems 1994 / MIT Press : 1~38
[journal] Selstad, L. / 2007 / The social anthropology of the tourist experience. Exploring the"middle role" / Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 7(1) : 19~33
[journal] Stewart, S. I. / 1999 / A casebased approach to understanding vacation planning / Leisure Sciences 21(2) : 79~95
[journal] Thompson, C. P. / 1982 / Memory for unique personal events : The roommate study / Memory & Cognition 10(4) : 324~332
[book] Tulving, E. / 2000 / The Oxford Handbook of Memory : 33~43
[journal] Tulving, E. / 2002 / Episodic memory : From mind to brain / Annual Review of Psychology 53(1) : 1~25
[journal] Tung, V. W. S. / 2017 / A framework of memory management and tourism experiences / Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 34(7) : 853~866
[journal] Tung, V. W. S. / 2011 / Exploring the essence of memorable tourism experiences / Annals of Tourism Research 38(4) : 1367~1386
[journal] Turner, V. / 1973 / The center out there : Pilgrim's goal / History of Religions 12(3) : 191~230
[book] Wang, N. / 2000 / Tourism and modernity: A sociological analysis / Pergamon Press
[journal] Wei, C. / 2019 / Psychological factors affecting memorable tourism experiences / Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 24(7) : 619~632
[journal] Wickens, E. / 2002 / The sacred and the profane : A tourist typology / Annals of Tourism Research 29(3) : 834~851
[journal] Williams, H. L. / 2008 / Autobiographical memory / Memory in the Real World 3 : 21~90
[journal] 윤유식 / 2017 / 기억할만한 관광경험(MTE)세분 집단에 따른 관광목적지 이미지, 만족도 및 행동의도 차이연구 / 관광연구저널 / 한국관광연구학회 31(1) : 19~34 / http://dx.doi.org/10.21298/IJTHR.2017.01.31.1.19
[journal] Zaragoza, M. S. / 1996 / Repeated exposure to suggestion and the creation of false memories / Psychological Science 7(5) : 294~300
83 Viewed
Print this page