A Study on the Notion of Freedom in Tourism

Park, Chang Hwan; Kim， Soo Yong; Lee, Hoon

doi:10.17086/JTS.2021.45.3.55.79

Freedom is an important concept in tourism, as it distinguishes tourism activities from other activities. Freedom is a prerequisite for tourism and an important factor influencing tourism motivation, tourism experience, and tourism outcomes. However, despite the change in the liberal paradigm and the diversified demand of tourists, freedom in tourism does not reflect this trend. Hitherto based on the classical philosophy of freedom, the concept of freedom in tourism only explains individual choice opportunities. Under the consciousness of this problem, first, the context and discussion of the concept of freedom are reviewed to examine the limitations of the concept of freedom in tourism literature. This paper proposes the expanded concept of freedom in the field of tourism, named tourism freedom. Tourism freedom consists of tourist-level psychological freedom, behavioral freedom, and communal freedom formed through tourism activities. This includes an understanding of community freedom within the scope of tourism, beyond individual and subjective benefits. In addition, freedom at the tourism-based level can be understood as internal resources of tourists necessary to realize freedom in tourism, external resources as a tourism environment, and institutional resources that promote them smoothly. Consequently, it is emphasized that freedom in tourism is a comprehensive examination of the aspects of tourist-level and tourism-based level, leading the issues related to tourism freedom to public rather than to individuals.

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