[journal] Haft / 1989 / A Selective Guide to Chinese Literature 1900-1949

[journal] Yeh / 1991 / Theory and Practice since 1917 / Yale University Press

[journal] McDougall, Bonnie S. / 1997 / The Literature of China in the Twentieth Century / Columbia University Press

[journal] 孫玉石 著 / 1999 / 中國現代主義詩潮史論 / 北京大學出版社

[journal] 程光ㆍ / 2000 / 中國現代文學史 / 中國人民大學出版社

[journal] 徐榮街 著 / 2000 / 二十世紀中國詩歌論 / 山東敎育出版社

[journal] 藍之 著 / 2002 / 現代詩的情感與形式 / 人民文學出版社

[journal] 홍경태 / 2001 / 馮至 詩의 體驗的 藝術觀 / 高麗大中國學硏究所 14

[journal] Beiyou ji qita / 1905-1993192719291942 / The purpose of this study is to illustrate the main characteristics of Feng Zhi 's three collections of poetry Songs of Yesterday 昨日之歌 In analyzing the changing aspects of these collections in terms of his life and their historical context I examine the following questions What are the particular artistic styles and aesthetic ideas developed and preferred by him in each individual stage such as Songs of Yesterday (rthern expedition and others 北遊及其他)

[journal] but their tone is calm / The poems in Songs of Yesterday display his youthful frustration with laying emphasis on elaborate metaphors and novel expression The second collection of Northern Expedition and Others published within two years later notwithstanding conveys his deep sense of suffering and shocking on the socio-political unstableness in Harbin In oder to enhance the poems' overall realistic tone the poet juxtaposes gloomy imagery and uses repetitive modes of expression the most fascinating poetry collection in his life