试析中国古代诗词中的“荔枝”意象

姚大勇

doi:10.18212/cccs.2012..21.004

Litchi grows in south of China. The time that litchi appeared in the ancient literary works is not long, and the number is not too much, but litchi is an important image in the ancient poetry. In the old time, people not only liked litchi’s flavor, praised litchi’s fragrance, but also enjoy the bright red color of litchi’s fruit. People even showed special preference to litchi’s green leaf. Because litchi was widely favored by the people, so in the producing area of litchi, people’s activities were selected under litchi trees, or on occasions where there were litchi fruits. In Tang and Song dynasties, with litchi gradually walked from the upper-class to the common people’s life, litchi also began to appear in the poetry, and it contained more profound cultural meaning. The reason that people appreciated litchi was various, and people’s emotion on litchi was very complex. Because litchi was different from other fruits, people also appreciated it’s otherworldly temperament, People even thought that litchi looked like fairy and represented good luck. Southern red litchi was to be good to hear or see, the person who came from the north would surprise and feel happy when they first see the litchi, but litchi was also easy to affect anxious mood, arouse people’s sadness and regret. Especially those people who were banished to the far south barren land, when they saw litchi, they would bewail their fate, and litchi could increase sorrow and pain in their heart. In Han and Tang Dynasties, the upper ruler ordered local officials to transfer litchi in order to satisfy their desire for enjoyment. Such brutal behavior not only brought disaster to people, but also at that time and later, people widespreadly criticismed and blamed this behavior. Reflected in the poems, litchi sometimes was used as a symbol to accuse rulers. We Can say, in Chinese ancient literary works in which litchi was feflected, litchi as an image, not only contained the author’s personal emotion, but also placed the author’s politics and governance ideal.

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