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The purposes of this thesis are to find how different those categorized as ‘case particles’ in Korean is from the case in ‘case suffixes’ in Russian and to analyze and systemize the way they are used in Russian. In order to do achieve the purposes, the researcher will analyze how the phenomenon of skipping case particles is related to case suffixes, based on which the researcher will examine the way case particles is used in Russian. There are several fundamental problems when we express the concept of ‘the case’ in Russian as a case particle. First of all, the case particle belongs to a different category from case suffixes in a morphological way. Also, grammatical relationships in noun phrases or understanding of grammatical functions of sentence factors depends on many including particles in Korean but, a case suffix determines the grammatical relationship and case particle is not a structurally assigned case signal but the word of ending representing the case has an assigned case signal. Based on these differences, the researcher has examined the Russian expression corresponding to the case particles in Korean in this thesis and grammatically strong subject particles and objective particles are corresponding to the case suffixes but grammatically weak adjective particles are corresponding to the prepositions. In conclusion, case particles in Korea and case suffixes in Russian are not corresponding each other on the same level.

The purpose of the study was to look for speech education plans to improve discussion ability of learners in Chinese language and Korean language.Paying attention to the existing research that discussion learning could be effective to raise learners speech ability, the study examined discussion sentence patterns included in real data for discussion and Korean language textbooks to look for learning methods helping learners express their opinions clearly with confidence with discourse markers applied mainly to discussion. As the results, the study could look for discourse markers and expression sentence patterns applied mainly to only discussion. The utterance of moderators had a lot of discourse markers with sentence units since it had relatively strong stereotype. On the contrary, the utterance of debaters had relatively more liberal utterance than the utterance of moderators. The study could extract 44 ending words as an expression sentence type applied mainly to discussion and analyzed that various expression sentence patterns as request and proposal were applied to the speech act of discussion. On the basis of the above results, the study proposed some educational plans to improve learnersdiscussion ability. In the future, it is expected that researches as the study will give a help in improving Korean language learners speech ability.

Francisco de Quevedo y Villegas(1580-1645) is one of the most eye-catching personality of the XVII century. They consider him as the maximum representative of the Conceptismo, which is the current literary that has preference to ideas with the purpose to impress the intelligence. This technic, which is different compare to Gongoras Culterismo, is produced at the level of understanding. This is why they consider Quevedos writing easy and transparent compare to Gongoras. But this is a wrong image, because the great writer, uses and accumulates conceptismo resorts which is very dificult. Below the simple apparent there are hidden surprises.The language of Quevedo has a deepness in the meaning of the word, with the purpose to impress the intelligence. He tries to prevent to mention the referent with a usual signification, naming it with another symbol which has a relation with the signifiant or with the signifie itself. This is how the neologismo was created. The similarity of the signification is shown through paradox, paronomasias, calambures, retruecanos, dialogias or equivocos. The resemblance of the significations leads to metaphors not with the purpose to embellish like the Culteranismo, but to excite the theme. This is why in this work we will focus on the games of the words named as ambiguity, which is the use of the same word with diferent meanings at the level of the phrase as vocabulary, which stands out at the burlesque’s poems to deform the reality or the human in extreme ways. It recreates inthis resort the disloyal marriage(in concrete with the themes of cornudos), varied occupations such as pharmacist and doctors and the literates such as the invective Gongora or of himself.

In question expression, there is little difference between the sentence-ending-pattern for requesting explanation and yes/no question in modern Japanese language. In other words, the sentence-ending auxiliary word,＜か＞　is used along with requesting explanation and requesting yes-no question. However, WH-question ＜か＞ along with the question of requesting explanation is not frequently used before the earlier modern period.This paper examined the aspects of various question expressions in the document from later Ado Period through Meiji Period. As a result, I found that gender differences are prominent in different patterns for requesting explanation questions and yes/no requesting questions from later Ado period through Meiji period. Most female use auxiliary words in order to make expressions soft and gentle, in place of assertive questions. In modern Japanese the auxiliary word, ＜の＞ is used irrespective of sexuality. However this study focuses the increasing tendency in female using in earlier Meiji period My conclusion is that most female starts to use ＜の＞ because the auxiliary word ＜の＞ is heard more soft than the question auxiliary word, ＜か＞.

The polite activity means relationship of people when they express their activities. One of polite expressions is 「o(go)-ninaru」; 「oyomininaru」, 「 osyuppatuninaru」. Its expressuon leads to use natural politeness and avoid expressina directly. 「-ni naru」is the same form such as 「nartuga sugite akininaru」and「ituno manika otonaninaru」. In this way, polite activities has been studied as polite expressions. I will state forms of expressions about activity polite in the Hutabateisimei (二葉亭四迷)'s literature. Tujimuratosiki(辻村敏樹) classified objective form, relative form, and beneficial form for expressions of activity in the 「Meijitaisyoujidaino keigo(『 明治大正時代の敬語』)」. I use this theory and I state historical point of veiw. I divide a period in the identify of written and spoken language (genbunitchi) as the first period;Meiji 20's, the second period;Meiji 30's, the third period; since Meiji 30's. Objective expression is an absolute form. There are 「o(go)-nasaru」, 「 o(go)-ninaru」and so on. Beneficial form is connected with advantage and disadvantage among people. There are 「o(go)-kudasaru」, 「o(go)-itadaku」 and so on. Relative form is related to activity of people. There are 「 o(go)-mousu」, 「o(go)ーsuru」and so on. 「o(go)-nasaru」is the most form in the Hutabateisimei(二葉亭四迷)'s literature. The form is popular in Meiji. 「o(go)-da」is used constantly from thefirst period to the third period. Contrary to 「o(go)-nansaru」,「o(go)-ninaru」used generally in these days is fixed in the third period. The form is merely used in the first period and the second period. Compared「kudasaru」and「itadaku」,「kudasaru」is used more than 「 itadaku」. 「o(go)-mousu」is the same occasion. 「o(go)-itasu」instead of 「 o(go)-mousu」which is traditional form appears in the second period and third period. 「o(go)-suru」used generally in these days appears in the 「 ukigusa(『うき草』)」, 「sonoomokage(『其面影』)」. Polite expressions extreamly changed in the identify of written and spoken language. However, polite forms have used since a long time ago, new forms also are added.

This paper aims to make clear characteristics of ‘로’ adverbial in the ‘삼 -’(make someone/something to be) construction. Especially we have attention to the structural and semantic properties of ‘로’ adverbial in this construction. We can easily catch the phenomenon that ‘로’ adverbial adjoins to the verb ‘삼-’ in the ‘삼-’ construction. There are some reasons. Firstly, the ‘로’ adverbial concerns with the object(THEME). When the act of ‘삼-’ is represented grammatically, this result state of affair implicates that the object become to be changed in the aspects of properties. And then ‘로’ adverbial indicates the result state of this object in this case. Automatically it appeared that there is fixed order between the object and the ‘로’ adverbial in this construction. Secondly, the ‘로’ adverbial is in close connection with the verb ‘삼-’ in this construction. There are very strong tendency two element have to be adjoined directly. Moreover it is impossible that the ‘로’ adverbial to be deleted. In Conclusion, ‘로’ adverbial is a complement element syntactically and a obligational element which supplements semantically the defectiveness of the verb ‘삼-’ in this construction.

This study has been devoted to the establishment of the phonological system of HuiyuanYinyi(慧苑音義). To analyze the sound system of HuiyuanYinyi, this study first of all was used with the turn and cuts(反切) that there were existed in the HuiyuanYinyi. By comparing with Guangyun (廣韻), we determinated the classification and characteristics of finals in the HuiyuanYinyi. Above characteristics were discussed in three groups: The characteristics of finals; 1. the mixture of round vowel and unround vowel under labial initials, 2. the mixture of Shan(山)/Shan(刪), Ying (暎)Zheng(諍) and Gan(敢)/Gan(感) finals by the similarity of the final, 3. the mixture by the birth of medial of division 4, 4. the division of Ma(麻운) and Ge(歌운) finals.

Toni Morrison's novels are involved in a work of mourning Death or loss is prevalent in the world of Morrison's characters, and mourning becomes a driving force or a thematic point of the narratives. The works which try to remember the victims of injustice in slavery, war, or genocide and tell the story of the oppressed past are caught between two commitments: summoning the dead for justice and coming to terms with the loss. As we see in Beloved, mourning is an act of bringing the past into life and Morrison's mourning refuses to attain a sense of closure, which, for Freud, is a sign of healthy mourning. In this sense, Morrison's work of mourning does not follow Freud's distinction between mourning and melancholia. Derrida's concept of specter, which is a threat of the oppressed past and, at the same time, the promise for a just future, is relevant to Morrison's work of mourning. In Playing in the Dark Morrison examines the African American presence as surrogates or shadows for the white characters' search for self and freedom and their drama of repression in the works of white American writers. From this understanding of the critical examination, Morrison sees her job as a black writer as turing the racial other into the racial subject. Resurrecting the dead in Beloved can be part of the project, and it is an investigation for a different future. In this effort to bring the past back into life as a promise for a different future, Morrison also opens room for her readers to participate in her mourning and working for the future. Different from Derrida, who sees the impossible as the only possible chance of something new, Morrison focuses on doable activities in the present to work for a different future. For Morrison, her literary imagination and writing is what makes a change, and she sees that her job as a black writer is also to develop language which helps her to be both free and situated in this racialized world and to refigure the raced community. Removing all the racial codes in her short story, "Recitatif," she shows the possibility of a world not without racial differences but without racial hierarchy. She thinks that for her text and language to live and flourish it must enter into human relationships. With her readers who share her mourning in her work, Morrison works for a different future and a different community.

Literature is the product of a certain era and particular writers and their thoughts and affects are formed due to particular environments. The end of South Song Dynasty was a particular historical period marked by the destructions of the nation and families. In such a historical context, there was a group of writers like Tian-Xiang Wen(文天祥), who held extreme anger and anxiety regarding the destructive social atmosphere. These writers espoused Kongzi's and Mengzi's thoughts such as "sacrificing oneself to preserve one’s integrity" and "seeking justice in spite of losing one's life" and relentlessly produced poems which reflect their pathos on the destruction of the country and personal resentments. Accordingly, this paper analyzed and examined representative works of these migrant poets at the end of the South Song Dynasty into three different categories. These works include the sensitive use of language and the use of direct descriptions in order to express their loyal and in-depth spirits of justice and tragic aesthetics of extreme anger and anxiety. In doing so, these authors became not only role models to those intellectuals and patriots by providing classical literary prototypes but also made readers of their poems feel endless sense of sorrow and strong impression.

This study aims to examine Han Woon-sa's status as a playwright, and his prominence in the early days of Korean movies, based on his movie scripts. Mr. Han pioneered Korean broadcasting soap operas as a playwright and many of his scripts were turned into movies, which enabled him to reach great heights as a writer. The results of the examination on Mr. Han's scripts, particularly on their thematic and technical aspects, are presented in this paper. Mr. Han usually demonstrated the strong bent of a writer towards humanism by examining his own life and experiences and those of other people. His consciousness encompassed political realities, generation issues, and the inner desires of men. In terms of techniques, he enjoyed using melodrama-like dramaturgy, and he willingly injected paternalism in his scripts when he described the relationships between his characters therein. The dialogue in his scripts showed a distinctively contracted polished style, but he sometimes exposes unrefined and abstract themes therein. He also demonstrated different kinds of consciousness on appellation. Therefore, Mr. Han can be considered a scriptwriter who distinguished himself through his melodramatization, which stems from his experienced consciousness in the 1960s and 1970s.

It could be said about the communication of art and literature that they are an intertextual dialogue to a broader understanding of the human world. Dostoevsky, who regarded picture as visual literature, praised Raffaello's Painting, <Sistine Madonna> as the "greatest work of art in human history" and used it as a subject matter of his literary works. The young girls that usually appear in his novels are imitations or variations of Madonna (the Virgin Mary). The purpose of this essay is how the novelist uses his artistic imagination code to look into the union of holiness and worldliness. Dostoevsky, like Andrei Rublyov, developed his own method in enjoying art. He is an artist who look at the human world in the wanton Zeus' cunning view enjoying fully the freedom of imagination. He could be called as the greatest imaginative artist in the world. Dostoevsky granted a special meaning to Raffaello's <Sistine Madonna>. In Raffaello's religious painting, the yet young Virgin Mary who has a child in her arms reminds of Sonya's figure who also has Raskolnikov in her arms. In Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov throws himself on Sonya and confesses his crime. Here, Sonya somehow plays the role of the confession priest. She was deeply distressed from this but then tells him to go to the broad way to kiss the site where he has defiled and to confess all his sins. Sonya resembles Virgin Mary because of her understand of human's agony, and Raskolnikov resembles the baby who admits of his sin to the Virgin Mary. The encounter of literary text and artistic text is the communication of icon and language signs. In Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov confesses his crime to the prostitute Sonya and Svidrigaylov finding the images of Virgin Mary are all only possible with the author's liberal cannibalistic imagination. In Dostoevsky's work, prostitute girls appear to the protagonists as saviors because they are Virgin Mary's impersonation. Of course, in the Christian's viewpoint, associating a young girl and a virgin statue, and paring her with a lascivious man might be blasphemy or defilement of the sacred object. Dostoevsky is associating the young girl that was sold from the Virgin Mary, but that blasphemy of the Holy Mother does not necessarily mean the varnish of the Holy Mother's essence. In Dostoevsky's creative world, the Holy Mother is disguised as a wretched young prostitute girl, but the Holy Mother is portraying the figure of a savior who saves mankind from suffering and indigence. This point is the reason why Sonya had been portrayed as the savior in Crime and Punishment. Originally, the highest value of the Orthodox faith is holiness. Virtue is the greatest moral which preserves the Russian mind in the Russian secular world. If Dostoevsky was a drawing artist, he would have drawn religious paintings portraying young girls as prostitutes like Raffaello, who used his girl friend as a model to draw the Virgin Mary. The encounter of literature and art is an open communication that broadens the area of human comprehension.

This article is aimed to investigate one of the special artistic aspects of V. M. Shukshin's short story Stenka Razin, by analyzing cinematographic feature of S. Eisenstein's Montage. For our goal, we reviewed it's visible and invisible sides, image, and representation of main conceptions in the theory of S. Eisenstein's Montage. We assert that image of Stepan Razin has two aspects as contemporary and mythological and this image represents basic features of V. M. Shukshin's heroes in his short story and cinema.

The village of Palenque de San Basilio, with a population of about 3,500 inhabitants, is located in the foothills of the Montes de Mar&iacute;a, southeast of the regional capital, Cartagena. Palenque de San Basilio was one of the walled communities called palenques, which were founded by escaped slaves as a refuge in the seventeenth century. Of the many palenques that existed in former times, only San Basilio has survived until the present day. It developed into a unique cultural space. The Cultural Space of Palenque de San Basilio encompasses social, medical and religious practices as well as musical and oral traditions, many of which have African roots. This article analyze the principal factor of the movement of population in Palenque de San Basilio that lead the acculturation. The movement of population in Palenque de San Basilio is not only threatened by economic changes that affect local modes of production, but also by the armed conflict between Colombian paramilitary and local guerrilla groups. Outside Palenque, inhabitants are commonly subjected to discrimination and ethnic stereotyping leading to a denial of their cultural values.

This paper examines why Lee Gap Sung has been chastised as "a Japanese collaborator" by striking a secret deal to be a Japanese spy under the disguise of a independence fighter, which was suggested by the time he was about to inaugurate as president of the Association of Independence Fighters in 1965. However, he was one of the representatives in the March 1st Independence Movement, jailed for nine years under the Japanese rule, and continued to resist against the Japanese colonialism to the end. Accordingly, it was found out that 1) there are serious problems in credibility of newspaper articles, journal writings, and works on Japanese collaborators, which claimed that he was a Japanese collaborator and problematized his life after the Liberation. Even scholars who advocate the historical justification of liquidating the past crimes of the Japanese collaborators attest that those reportages are doubtful; 2) It appears that the controversy over his being a Japanese collaborator stemmed from the conflicts between the conservative and progressive groups after the collapse of the era of the Cold War. Especially, given his contribution to the establishment of the regimes of both Rhee Seung Man and Park Jung Hee, his status as the only survivor among the 33 representatives after Oh Se Chang's death in 1953, and as president of the Association of Independence Fighters, which represents the independence movement in line with nationalism, he was a symbolic barometer to measure the historical legitimacy of the two regimes. Thus, he appeared to be constantly accused of being "a Japanese spy". That is because his being a Japanese collaborator would be firm evidence that the two regimes which appointed him as a ranking individual were anti-nationalistic governments; 3) However, the researcher does not have any intention to defend Lee Gap Sung who made a negative influence on democracy in Korea as a politician who contributed to Rhee's civil authoritarianism and Park's military authoritarianism. Instead, it is to reveal that the very reasons to propagandize the data against Lee with no credibility and critical analysis are due to the historical consciousness based on the master discourse of “nationalism” and “the populace” and the groups who want to take advantage of such confrontations.