A study of polite expressions mentioned in Hutabateisimei'sliterature- Forms of expressions about activity
DOI : 10.21049/ccs.2008.12.1.127
Publisher : Center for Cross Culture Studies
Research Area : Literature
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The polite activity means relationship of people when they express their activities. One of polite expressions is 「o(go)-ninaru」; 「oyomininaru」, 「 osyuppatuninaru」. Its expressuon leads to use natural politeness and avoid expressina directly. 「-ni naru」is the same form such as 「nartuga sugite akininaru」and「ituno manika otonaninaru」. In this way, polite activities has been studied as polite expressions. I will state forms of expressions about activity polite in the Hutabateisimei (二葉亭四迷)'s literature. Tujimuratosiki(辻村敏樹) classified objective form, relative form, and beneficial form for expressions of activity in the 「Meijitaisyoujidaino keigo(『 明治大正時代の敬語』)」. I use this theory and I state historical point of veiw. I divide a period in the identify of written and spoken language (genbunitchi) as the first period;Meiji 20's, the second period;Meiji 30's, the third period; since Meiji 30's. Objective expression is an absolute form. There are 「o(go)-nasaru」, 「 o(go)-ninaru」and so on. Beneficial form is connected with advantage and disadvantage among people. There are 「o(go)-kudasaru」, 「o(go)-itadaku」 and so on. Relative form is related to activity of people. There are 「 o(go)-mousu」, 「o(go)ーsuru」and so on. 「o(go)-nasaru」is the most form in the Hutabateisimei(二葉亭四迷)'s literature. The form is popular in Meiji. 「o(go)-da」is used constantly from thefirst period to the third period. Contrary to 「o(go)-nansaru」,「o(go)-ninaru」used generally in these days is fixed in the third period. The form is merely used in the first period and the second period. Compared「kudasaru」and「itadaku」,「kudasaru」is used more than 「 itadaku」. 「o(go)-mousu」is the same occasion. 「o(go)-itasu」instead of 「 o(go)-mousu」which is traditional form appears in the second period and third period. 「o(go)-suru」used generally in these days appears in the 「 ukigusa(『うき草』)」, 「sonoomokage(『其面影』)」. Polite expressions extreamly changed in the identify of written and spoken language. However, polite forms have used since a long time ago, new forms also are added.
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