A Study on Tonina, a Maya Community of Classical Period in Mexico

김우중

doi:10.21049/ccs.2009.13.2.65

In the earlier period, 'Po' was one of many Mayan communities that had been subordinate to Palenque. In later classic period, Tonina wrest the leadership away from Palenque, and took the initiative in the northwestern region of Usumacinta River. And then its original name 'Po' got changed into 'Tonina' that means 'House of stone' in Tzeltal, one of the Mayan language family members. Palenque and Tonina vied with each other for the leading position, and finally Tonina took the victory to Palenque after lengthy struggles and battles. But thereafter they also fought continuously against several neighboring tribes that had a feeling of uneasiness about the rapid growth of Tonina. Added to this, Tonina was culturally an immature group. Therefore, Tonina stepped up various efforts to expend their presence and to retain domination there, such as building construction using slope of mountains, erecting huge 'estelas' and stone monuments, stucco type murals and manufactures reflecting mythological elements etc. Tonina continued to take the iniciative and to compete for the leading power from various angle and over many sides. But, in shortly after, Tonina was conquered by the 'Mexican' tribes, who invaded easily Tonina from Tabasco area because its geopolitical characteristics adjacent to the northwest of the Maya region and not far from the Gulf of Mexico). Herewith in 909 A.D. (from an estela documenting this last year of Tonina's histoy), Tonina's hegemony ended. At that time, the tribes which were producing 'fine paste ceramics' occupied Tonina and for the 'Mexican' invaders this place became a starting point to expand and spred their power over other Mayan tribes.

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