Building up an academic discipline on material assemblages: modern Europe’s museum developments and ‘museology’

Seong Eun Kim

doi:10.21049/ccs.2014.36..61

At the turn of the century in which European colonialism was reaching its zenithand modernization was gathering speed, public museums were institutionalized. This paper looks into the part these European modern museums played interritorializing academic disciplines like anthropology and art history. The museumsto deal with are the British Museum and the National Gallery in London, Muséedu Louvre in Paris, and Museumsinsel in Berlin. Rather than in-depth detailedanalysis of each museum, the aim is to explore the ways in which these museologicalinstitutions interacting with modern disciplines in the wider colonial contextobjectified other cultures and formulated a framework of the world throughclassification and comparison of material things, on the basis of the judgementof their artistic values. This exploration is also to rethink theoretical positionsand perspectives on the museum in Korea. It is remarkable in Europe that suchacademic fields as history, art history, anthropology and cultural studies look fornew possibilities of museology in conjunction with the recent proliferation ofstudies on the museum as a medium to construct and deconstruct knowledge. Meanwhile, the mammoth European museums which are often considered astronghold of museology advocate the ‘universal museum’ themselves, quite themodern idea but in a revised rendering. Under these circumstances, this paperseeks to shed light on the definition of the museum as an arena in which scholarlydiscourses about art, culture and history can be created and contested, on theeffectiveness of the museum as a communication medium in a postcolonial era,and on the need to pay trans-disciplinary attention to the museum in its broadestsense.

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