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As a special existence in the Archaic Chinese Period, the Descriptive Structure has its own characteristic semantic feature, syntax feature and pragmatic feature. Various Descriptive Structures which have historical development and evolution relations to the Serial Verb Structures in the Archaic Chinese Period all have a semantic feature of “action-result”, and this semantic feature of “action-result” can be realized through a variety of the Descriptive Structures with different combination forms. The Descriptive Structures with different combination forms express the semantic feature of “action-result”, at the same time form the pragmatic feature of “structure center-expression center” between structural cores V₁ and V₂. The semantic feature, the syntax feature and the pragmatic feature of the Descriptive Structure meet the semantic requirement, the syntax requirement and the pragmatic requirement of the Serial Verb Structure. There is a historical development and evolution relations between the Descriptive Structure and the Serial Verb Structure.

This paper presents a syntactic analysis of Korean and Chinese VP pro-forms, namely kulihata and namezuo. Both kulihata and namezuo are pro-forms of vern phrases, not ones of verbs, evidenced from a constituency test. Also, they share a property that activity and accomplishment verbs phrases can be proformed by kulihata and namezuo but achievement and state verbs phrases can not. Moreover, they both are identified as deep anaphora according to a classification between surface and deep anaphora presented by Hankamer & Sag (1976). In support of this claim, it is discussed that kulihata and namezuo allow pragmatic control and split antecedents, but they do not allow missing antecedent and extraction.

There are two types of reduplications in Chinese language: wordforming reduplication and grammatical reduplication. The grammatical reduplication is a kind of grammatical form in Chinese language.

This article discusses the same clan of “Mian ”and “Lian” found in the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary. In order to better understand the difference between them, the study employs the perspective of cognitive linguistics to analyze the structures and semantics of words made of “Mian” and “Lian.” The results of this analysis point to several conclusions. Most words composed of “Mian” and “Lian” are nouns, and most compound words that include them are of the “modifier-head” type. Words composed of these morphemes, moreover, demonstrate a expansion in meaning: in addition to their original meaning, some of these words have also accrued extended meanings, primarily through metaphor and metonymy.

This research aims to study the change of language education during the modern era. Chinese modern language education during this period accomplished transformation from traditional to modern, by adopting Western studies and system of education. Aspects of transition in language education of the times are sought through the following three components: educational system, textbook, and discourse on language education in educational journals printed at that time. In particular, examination will be focused on how the formation process of native language concept and Chinese language movements including Vernacular Movement have influenced education, and how Chinese grammar that started with the adoption of Western linguistics is reflected in education. Language education that traditionally centered around scriptures, started to be taught as subjects in the names of ‘Chinese’, or ‘Chinese language’, along with contemplation over the significance of language education. In the education field, necessity towards spoken language education was raised even before the initiation of Vernacular Movement. Education on language was prioritized although acquiring wordings was taken as the ultimate objective. Grammar, discussed in education, contains ambiguity in that it refers both to the Western ‘grammar’ and traditional Chinese composition, which is held in great esteem for scientification of native language education.

The image of Confucius has experienced various types of complex and in-depth transformation during the pre-Qin the classics works of scholars in the pre Qin period. LüShiChunQiu(吕氏春秋)synthesised the points of different schools and incorporated things of diverse nature. Therefore, the record of the image of Confucius relatively objective, to retain more of the historical relics of that time. Among the book, not only the included the praise and obedience to Confucius, and the worship of Confucius's is not a non, but also there is no lack of negation the Confucius theory and the criticism, and even slander. Thus not only show the complexity of the image of Confucius and the characteristics of diversification for us in the Warring States period, but also show us the true representation of Confucius from a ordinary people grow into the process of generation of the sages of the arduous and tortuous. And at the same time, This also reflects Confucius's theory and image in the influence of Qin Dynasty at that time as well as their cultural relations with the Qin Dynasty. It is the facts that can not be ignored when we partly emphasis on the Qin Shihuang emperor burnt books and buried the alive Confucian scholars.

In conclusion, the Chunsi Fu(Fu on the Spring Thinking)春思赋 shows Wang Bo’s 王勃 exploration and innovation in both content and form. It combines describing objects and conveying ambition, and contains personal feelings of life experience as well as one’s ideality and pursuance in the description of scenery and object, which leads the trend of expanding and deepening the themes of Tang Fu 唐赋. In form, it largely uses five-words or seven-words lines, including alternate correspondence in tune patterns and rhyming in each or every other sentence. This creates a new style of producing a Fu as a poem and combining them together. Therefore, the Chunsi Fu(Fu on the Spring Thinking) is an important piece of work which forms a connecting link between the preceding and the following in the development history of the fu literature.

There has been many studies on Yan Yu’s Canglang Poetry Talks, this book is the most typical poetics criticism of Song Dynasty and also is in a strong position on The history of Chinese classical literary criticism until now. Previous research is concentrated in few points such as Analyzing Poetics Metaphorically with Chan(以禪喻詩), Miaowu Theory(妙悟說) and Xingqu Theory(興趣說). That research was mainly based on <Poetic Differentiate(詩辨)>, and People didn't pay much attention to it or simply put <Poetic(詩法)> briefly. One of the most important features of Song Dynasty’s prosody was the study of the poetics. Yan Yu was very strong on poetics, deliberately he arranged <Poetic> in Canglang Poetry Talks and specifically discussed in poetics. The content of <Poetic> is quite extensive. It is mentioned about some precautions for people who want to write and learn poetry, dealt with poetics to many ways as writing method(篇法), syntax(句法), diction(字法), quotation(用事), rhyme(押韻) etc. In addition it presented the main rules and principles of expressions. However, he opposed the poetics unconditionally and opposed it. Yan Yu considered that desirable poetry had must express ‘Interest’ and proposed the poetics to express this ‘Interest’ well. Since Wei Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties, through Tang dynasty, ranging from Song Dynasty, the Poetic Theory of Yan Yu’s Canglang Poetry Talks was comprehensive and organized the various arguments about poetics which is raised by many poetic theories.

Su Shi(蘇軾, 1036~1101）was one of the most distinguished poets in the Northern Song(北宋) dynasty(960~1127), until now most of his poems are very influential, and he occupies important position in the history of Chinese literature. His poems were introduced into Koryo(高麗) during his lifetime. After that, his poems were widely read by the poets of Koryo and Chosun(朝鮮) dynasty(1392~1910). But in the middle period of the Chosun dynasty, admiration for Su Shi declined with the appearance of Korean neo-Confucianists. Following the neo-Confucianists of the Song dynasty, they criticized both Su Shi’s academic theory and his literary character, but I found Shin Heum(申欽), one of the most distinguished Korean neo-Confucianists, wrote some responding poems to Su Shi’s(和蘇詩). Shin Heum did not write much responding poems to Su Shi’s, but we can say the fact that he had written some responding poems to Su Shi’s in spite of being one of the most distinguished Korean neo-Confucianists is considerably meaningful, because other Korean neo-Confucianists of this period disliked Su Shi and his poems.

This study is to contemplate awakening of reality by female lead characters and their rediscovery of desire in early novels by the Chinese author Ding Ling(丁零, 1904~1986). As one of the most celebrated female authors representing the 1920s of China, Ding Ling, born Jiang Bingzhi (蒋冰之), opposed feudal marriage of the time and openly expressed women’s sexual desires. It was the author’s way of manifesting harmful consequences of feudal marriage and her stance in the opposition. In fact, for women in those days to become independent, “material” independence had to be prioritized so they didn’t have to return home. Therefore, her early works featured many women who desired “materials” or were self-destroyed because of “material.” Their desires could be seen as shallow or vulgar, but this study is to examine another aspect of such desires, or their struggle to gain freedom. This study contemplated women’s desires in early novels by Ding Ling, but extensive research on the greater amount of early works could not be conducted, requiring more in-depth research in the future.

Interpreting a Gyeongjeon(經典) needs a application of Haneomunjahak (漢語文字學). when interpreting a Gyeongjeon(經典), you should consider how to applicate Uihang(義項) which is presented on dictionary of classical Chinese. ≪Hyeontowanyeok Maengjajipju(懸吐完譯 孟子集註)≫ interpreted ‘Woo’(又) as ‘again’, ‘Chuk’(縮) as ‘straight’. However, They are more appropriate to be interpreted as ‘more’, ‘vertical’ each. Jajeon(字典) of China(中國) states Icheja(異體字) as Dongmo(同某), Tongaja(通假字) as ‘Tongmo(通謀).’ ‘Dongmo(同某) and ‘Tongmo(通謀)’ are also shown in ≪Hyeontowanyeok Maengjajipju(懸吐完譯 孟子集註)≫ by Baek Seonghyo(百成曉), but he didn’t seem to present Icheja(異體字) and Tonggaja(通假字). As of now, there is no way to know a standard that separated ‘Dong mo(同某)’ and ‘通ongmo(通謀).’ ≪Hyeontowanyeok Maengjajipju(懸吐完 譯 孟子集註)≫ presented Dogeum(讀音) of sim(甚) as ‘hemp’, but the right meaning was ‘심(sim).’ You should Gacha(假借) because it represents ‘sib(什)’ of ‘Sibyo(什么)’ and ‘Jeum(怎)’ of ‘Jeumyo(Wisibyo) 怎么(爲什 么),’ sib(什) and sim(甚) are Geuneum(近音) of Ssangseong(雙聲) Daejeon (對轉). A haneomunjahak(漢語文字學的) review of ≪Hyeontowanyeok Maengjajipju (懸吐完譯 孟子集註)≫ is for the attention of haneomunjahak(漢語文字學 的) in chinese academic world, not for criticism of misinterpretation.

‘Jiao校’ is a word with multiple meanings, as Hanyu Dacidian 漢語大 詞典 describes its twenty-four meanings such as ‘pillory’, ‘fence’, ‘a unit of troops’, ‘compare’, ‘collation’, ‘textual criticism’, ‘school’, ‘imitate’ and so on. The aim of this paper is to investigate the original meaning and to examine derived and borrowing meanings of ‘Jiao’ on the basis of a question: where the meaning of ‘textual criticism’ comes from? Through this study, we can confirm several facts below: first, the original meaning of ‘Jiao’ is ‘wood fence’. Many scholars like Duan Yucai段玉裁 argue that the original meaning is ‘pillory’, but it is a fallacy which have come from a misrepresentation of Shuowen Jiezi 說文 解字; second, the original explanation of the word in Shuowen Jiezi might be ‘crossed wood’; third, the meaning of ‘textual criticism’ is a borrowing signification.

This paper research is based on “you/mei you” compare markers and sentence, which we call “you” comparative sentences. “you” comparative sentences generally consists of five parts: Comparative antecedent, a word “you/mei you”, comparative consequent, more value, comparing attributes. For writing convenience, we describe this kind of “you” comparative sentences as “A + you /mei you + B + X + Y” in formula. A represents Comparative antecedent, B represents more consequent, X represents more value, Y represents more properties, X + Y constitute the comparison results of the comparative sentences. This paper argues that “A + you/mei you + B + X + Y” is a construction, and analyzes the constructional meaning expressed by the structure, and then investigates the effect of the construction on the selection and constraints of other constructional elements. We find that words appearing on the position of comparative item A and B are mainly noun phrase or pronoun words, and can also bea verb phrase or subject-predicate structure. But because of the influence of many factors, comparative item A and B represent all kinds of as ymmetric phenomenon in specific language expression. “A+you/mei you+B+X+Y” mode of the comparative value is mainly composed of demonstrative pronoun, mainly having“zhe me, na me, zhe yang, na yang, zhe ban, na ban”, etc. “zhe me/na me” have two functions instructions of instructions and address in structure type. For the item of comparative attribute “Y” in the comparative sentences “you”, scholars have pointed out that the composition appeared on the Y position is mainly adjectives, can also act as by a small number of verbal words. But through the corpus, the author found that the items appeared on the Y position are adjectives, verbal phrases, nouns and nominal composition. In addition, the positive and negative forms in the comparative sentences have a big difference in the choice of comparing attribute “Y”.

According to Construction Grammar, this paper analyzes the constructional meaning of “qu+VP” and “VP+qu”. On this basis, we also discussed the interchange of “qu+VP”, “VP+qu”. In addition, we also put forward some suggestions on the teaching of “qu+VP” and “VP+qu”. Through the analysis, we believe that the construction meaning of “qu+VP” structure can be summarized as “reporting the occurrence of the purpose of the incident,” and “VP+qu” can be summarized as the purpose of the event notice. Because “qu+VP” and “VP+qu” have different constructional meanings, their expressive functions also have significant differences. 1) “qu+VP” and “VP+qu” have narrative functions, but the angle of narration is different. Specifically, “qu+VP” focuses on the event itself, while “VP+qu” focuses on the agent's displacement event. In many cases, the choice of “qu+VP” and “VP+qu” is related to the perspective of the speaker, while the speaker's perspective depends on the specific context. 2) Different from “qu+VP”, “VP+qu” has modal expression function. In different contexts, “VP+qu” can express the modal meaning of “declaring”, “making” and “persuading” respectively. These modal meanings have a restraining effect on “qu+VP” and “VP+qu”.

The comparative sentences in Chinese language are hard to learn for Korean students. This is due to the semantic complexity of comparative sentences, multiple possible constructions and the differences between the Chinese and Korean languages. Therefore such complexities can cause many errors during the Korean students’ Chinese acquisition of comparative sentences. In Korean, the modal particle 보다 corresponds to the Chinese preposition word bi(比). However, they are not exact respective equivalents. While learning Chinese, Korean students frequently misuse bi(比). In order to enhance the Chinese-Korean language contrastive, facilitate student acquisition of Chinese comparative sentences, this paper aims to analyze and define the Korean learner errors, and the main reasons that trigger the errors production regarding generalized-bi(比) constructions.

Acoustic analysis about allophone of Chinese /en/ and research about aspect of articulation of Korean learner. The purpose of this study is to investigate discuss some possibility of allophones in Chinese central vowel /en/, focusing on /en/ being combine with blade-palatal, and discuss about how to applied in the education of Chinese pronunciation through conducty experiments with Korean Chinese learners. As for experimental material, the audio sample extracted from the audio material in Chinese textbooks was analized using the average ㎐ of F1 and F2, absolute values(Δ[F2-F1]), Euclidean distances. Aspect of articulation of /en/ and the existence of allophones are inverigated. As a result, it was observed that the articulation position of the /en/ was changed according to the combination of various consonants. The articulation position of /ren/ and /zhen/ is located within front vowel /e/ articulation scope and labial and dental vowels are located within central vowel /ən/ scope. Also, the the Euclidean distances of these two groups are larger than that of /e/ and /ɛ/. Thus, there is a possibility of allophones in the vowel /ən/. As a result of the experiments with Korean Chinese learners, it was found that the Korean Chinese learners tend to pronounce /en/ similar to the way of articulating “언” in Korean no matter how combinded with any consonants. These finding gives pedagogical implications that it needs to teach students the possibility of /ən/ allophones in class, so that it Fay help the learners to prevent a mother tongue transfer.

The history says that China and the Korean Peninsula have exchanged human resources and goods for thousands years. Since the Ming Dynasty and the Joseon Dynasty had a very complicated relationship politically, the Joseon Dynasty had to approval of its legitimacy from the Ming Dynasty which was more powerful than Joseon. Economically, Zhu Yuanzhang(朱元璋), the founder of the Ming Dynasty did not allow seaborne trade with Joseon and forced Joseon to conduct tributary trade upon establishment of his country. Moreover, the lowered level of interpreters from Joseon was raised by Zhu in this background, and in order to cope with the issue from the Ming Dynasty, Joseon started to hire the Chinese who were naturalized as Joseon citizens. The purpose of this study is to review the situations of the Chinese interpreters who were naturalized as Joseon citizens based up the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty and other issues such as various kinds of titles, types of interpreters throughout the representative interpreters, Li Xiang (李相), Xu Shiying(徐士英), Zhang Xian(張顯), Zhang Chongde(曹崇德).

This study is a researcher on chinese to korea consecutive interpretation that blended learning be applied. chinese to korea consecutive interpretation blended learning research is the first study in the korea. The instructional design model was analyzed, designed, developed, implemented, and evaluated by using the ADDIE model. Student needs analysis, content analysis, technical environment analysis in grasped by using the ADDIE model. So I could set the contents and goals of the class considering the level of students. Through information design, performance goal, and evaluation design, it was possible to design teaching purpose, method, and overall test. Finally, the problem of the instructional design model can be grasped and corrected by the evaluation. As a result of student achievement evaluation and summative evaluation, it was necessary to reduce the amount of learning. So I reduced the amount of learning and removed the assignment since the first semester of 2016. The problem of this study is that the number of students surveyed is small. There is a lack of statistical significance. the same questionnaire should be continued for several years to ensure statistical significance. In addition, the questionnaire items were evaluated only for the instructor lecture and learner achievement, so I could not fully evaluate the instructional design model. I will correct this shortcoming by adjusting the questionnaire items in the future.

There are some commonly-used curses in the plays of Shanxi Opera. They are about different subjects, which can be grouped as follows, curses about appellations, human relations, animals, reproductive organs, dialects and linguistic metaphors. These curses have strong linguistic colors and coordinate with the identities of the characters in the play. Most curses have the unique features of the dialects in central Shaanxi. They can convey such strong emotions as hatred, and anger and sorry as well. The proper use of curses in the play can shorten the distances between audiences and call resonance with them.

The purpose of this thesis is to study the characteristics of vocabulary arrangement in <List of new words> of ≪New Silk Road Basic Intensive Business Chinese≫(I･II). This thesis made a statistical analysis of the characteristics of vocabulary arrangement by comparing the contents of the textbook with the contents of ≪Chinese level vocabulary and the outline of Chinese character≫, ≪Business Chinese Test Syllabus≫, and ≪Lexicon of Common Words in Contemporary Chinese≫. As a result, the characteristics of vocabulary arrangement — total vocabulary volume and vocabulary volume in each unit, the vocabulary’s frequency, and vocabulary’s level — were studied. This textbook has less business Chinese and more Jiǎjí vocabulary and Yǐjí vocabulary of common chinese than other basic Business Chinese textbooks. Also, words appear repeatedly and in ≪New Silk Road Basic Intensive Business Chinese≫(I), single syllable components, which are easy to combine with, appear repeatedly. In addition, common words which has high frequency ― within 3000 in ranking ― are used much and non-common words ― between 5000 and 8000, and over 8001 in ranking ― are also much used. And as a basic Business Chinese textbook. vocabulary is arranged in order to study many common words and some business words together. This textbook is more suitable for beginners who have little knowledge in business and Chinese. This study is worthwhile in that there is not much study on vocabulary of Business Chinese.