Criticism of Western Humanism and the Pursuit of New Humanism in Oryx and Crake

Ahn Dong Hyun

doi:10.22901/trans.2019.12.2.5

In the 2003 novel Oryx and Crake, Atwood speculates on the human-nature relationship and the definition of humanity while describing the extinction of humankind and the creation of a humanoid species known as ‘Crakers’. By showing the fatal consequences of their genetic engineering experiments, Atwood depicts the novel’s scientists as irresponsible and careless in their abuse of anthropocentric-based science and technology. Crake, a decidedly talented scientist, attempts to exterminate the entire human race and replace it with Crakers, whereby revealing the negative extremes of rationalism where the human will controls everything, including life itself. In contrast, Jimmy, Crake’s ex-childhood friend, holds a humanistic viewpoint. Jimmy possesses virtues such as responsibility, sensitivity, and empathy. Jimmy's empathy is not limited to other humans but extends to non-human beings. However, he is powerless to resist Crake’s society as he internalizes the prejudices of the Craker society. In seeking a new path for humanism, the female figures of Jimmy’s mother, Sharon and his lover, Ory xgive new insights. Traditional rationalist humanism silences the female voice, but in this new form of humanism, their voices must be heard. In particular, we should not disregard those who possess awe for life and natural order in the name of rationality and reason. For example, Jimmy and Oryx’s attempt to overcome prejudice based on love and empathy should also be considered important. Furthermore, the humanoid Crakers force us to rethink our concept of humanity.

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