KJC Korea
Journal Central

Kogong(考功法) is basical system in management of official. But, in Koryo dynasty, though rules about attendance register of officials were built, they were in loose practice. Reformers in the early Chosŏn reinforced it as a part of reformation to official system. They built Kogongsa(考功司) and let it belong to Li-jo(吏曹). The number of attendances was essential data for personel management. They strengthen penalty to absence by adopting penalty laws of Deamyŏngyul(대명률). They reigistered in Kyŏngjeyukjŏn-Wonjen(經濟六典元典) But this attempt met with resistence of the conservative. They agreed to reformation, but could not receive reinforced panalty. In ruling of King Taejong, laws were weekend. As new method of purnishment for a long absence, Bugwa(附過), and Chajisukem(次知囚禁) which threw his servent in prison instead of official were introduced. new rules were registered in Sokjipsanggjŏl(續集詳節). But they weekened it too far. Therefore penishment law had to be re-reviced in King Seojon, and reigistered in Kyŏnggukdaejŏn(經國大典). the laws in Kyŏnggukdaejŏn(經國大典) have two features. They recieved the penalty laws in Wonjen(元典), but made all crimers give bail instead of purnishment. On the contrary, rules to low ranked official were rather weeken than the high. Because they had few desire of promotion as the higher possessed official posts, strengthen their noble privilege.

“P’yoryu kirok”, which is a record of maritime accidents, is necessary for research not solely in foreign relations history. Nevertheless, existing research, as a result of focusing excessively on the diplomatic processes of repatriating castaways, is found primarily in foreign relations history. However, with the accumulation of knowledge from the newly discovered sources, interest in the record of maritime accidents is gradually expanding. The construction of a database based upon the record of maritime accidents was undertaken with these conditions in mind. In short, the goal of this research project was, while accepting critically the current research, to, of course, extend the period under analysis and broaden the points for analysis, and also to organize the information regarding the numerous maritime incidents into a comprehensible, unified system. For example, first, I introduced and analyzed “Konnansen oyobi hyomin kyujo zakken­Chosen-koku no bu” and “Kogi ose-agerare” sources which were not used in the existing research. Second, I added to the database a wide range of information that does not appear in existing research from “Hyomin ose-agerare” and “ P’yoin yongnae tungnok”. That information extends to personal data about the castaways, such as name, age, sex, and religion. Third, reflecting the differences in the calendars of Choson Korea and Japan, I also designed a system that enables one to easily and accurately calculate the time period. However, the topics for future research are not few. Also called for are the discoveries of still further sources, and micro-level analysis of the amounts of expenses related to castaways, the units for expressing the size of ships, and, further, the variety, volume, and value of the riggings and other items aboard the ships.