The Expansion and Reorganization of City in the 1930s, Hamheung as A “Twin Cities”

SEO, ILSOO

doi:10.31218/TRKH.2020.06.138.255

This article is on finding out the factors of urbanization of Hamheung (咸興) in the 1930s from the external influence of Heungnam (興南), especially Bongung (本宮) area. It is the connection between the two cities of Hamheung and Heungnam that centered around the space of Bongung area at that time. To examine the connection between the two cities, this article first covered the Seongcheon River water-dimension project and the maintenance of the transportation network in the direction of Heungnam, which are a spatial background. Waterproofing construction of Horyuncheon (瑚璉川) for 3 years from 1923 (left side of Horyuncheon), the protective work of flooded area near Hamheung (咸興附近浸水地帶防水工事) from 1925 to 1929 (right side of Hoyeoncheon near Hamheung, left side of Seongcheon River) and Seongcheon River (城川江) from 1931 to March 1935 as the waterproofing construction (downstream of the Seongcheon River) progressed, the section from Hamheung to the estuary along the left bank of the Seongcheon River was also able to escape the threat of flooding. In the case of the maintenance of the transportation network, It progressed that Bongung station came to be a official station on the Hamgyeong Line railroad between Hamheung and Seohojin, that Heungnam Station and Heungnam Main Station were established, and that Heungnam Line of Shinheung Railway Co., Ltd. opened in 1934. In addition, the reconstruction of Bongung and Heungnam sections of Hamheung-Seohojin 2nd level Road was carried out. The article also dealt with the emergence of Bongung factory zone in the mid-1930s and the process of Hamhung transformed to a part of “twin cities” afterwards. Various chemical plants, including condiments, caustic soda, and carbide, formed colonies on the site of Bongung, which was secured after the completion of the Seongcheon River waterproofing construction in March 1935. Despite the discussion to unite Hamheung-Bungung-Heungnam- Seohojin, in 1937, Hamheung’s exclusive urban planning was aimed at relocating Hamheung Station without the integration of administrative districts. Separately, however, Heungnam’s urban planning was also based on the connection between Hamheung and Heungnam, and Hamheung’s urban district was transformed into a form of connection along with the Joseon nitrogenous fertilize Plant (朝鮮窒素肥料工場) and the housing complex of Bongung.

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