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Abstract: The representation of locality by the Ningbo native place association demonstrates that locality was not an important factor in the formation of Chinese nationalism. The ambivalent responses to the Nationalist Revolution by the central powerhouse in Shanghai's business world in the mid-1920s clearly demonstrate that their national consciousness was still not strong enough to overcome class interests. The political action of the association was motivated by careful socioeconomic calculations. Previous research on the relationship between Chinese nationalism and locality contended that modern nationalist rhetoric replaced Confucian discourse. However, as articulated in the case of the Confucian Religion Movement, the Confucian value or modernization of Confucianism continued to serve as an ideological frame in the formation of Chinese national identity.

This study aims to broaden the discourse on local autonomy from its legal and institutional dimensions to a political level. The authors re-examine the local government policy program implemented over the past decade to enhance local autonomy. The research broadly categorises local autonomy into passive and active liberty, analysing the former through existing methods and exploring the latter for new possibilities. In particular, local autonomy as active liberty offers a new avenue for investigating citizen participation and community empowerment, which used to be confined within the legal framework. This situation supports the argument that community autonomy, such as the Resident Representative Council, goes beyond eliciting resident engagement at a neighbourhood scale. The authors conclude that community self-government offers a significant opportunity to enable vibrant local politics, bridge gaps in the law, and realise the active liberty of autonomy for both neighbourhoods and cities.

Abstract: Some orthographic factors have been shown to affect the early stage of word recognition. This study was conducted to investigate whether the continuity principle of Gestalt can affect the processing of words in lexical decision tasks. The special properties of Korean Hangul were examined as the directions of letters and syllables can be manipulated. The results showed that words are processed faster when the directions of its letters and syllables are identical than they are when the directions are not identical. This result indicates that the Gestalt principle affecting perceptual organizations also plays a role in the early stage of word recognitions. Lexical access seems to be based on certain perceptual factors, including the Gestalt principle, as well as some linguistic factors.

It is worth noting that most of the writings closely related to palaces were written by famous figures with a high importance in classical Chinese literature, including previous kings. However most of the studies on palaces have been produced in the fields of architecture and history, and there are only a handful of studies that have closely examined the classical Chinese literary heritage related to palaces. Therefore, there are only a few studies on the literary heritage related to Changdeokgung Palace, the research results are very insufficient compared to the value of the reference. In this regard, this researcher studied the classical Chinese literary heritage related to Changdeokgung, focusing on Changdeokgungji(昌德宮志), one of Gunggungji(宮闕志)(Kyujanggak collection, claim number 奎 3950-v.1-5). And this researcher tried to examine the theme of Changdeokgungji, focusing on king's writings, which occupies most of it.

This study analyzed two local areas, Gwangcheon-dong of Gwangju Metropolitan City and Choryang-dong of Busan Metropolitan City, that have the symbol of being ‘a cultural city’ and ‘the second capital’ respectively, among the areas where space reorganization was implemented recently. Both are important cultural points and local spaces, where the daily lives of local residents are mediated and reproduced. In particular, a series of project was carried out with the goal of "by the local people" or "for the local people" along with the discourse of "democracy, peace, and equality" in two regions. However, unlike the purpose, we found that the spectacle urban space, that was planned based on capital and its logic, was being reproduced as a space of alienation and distinction. In particular, alienation was not limited to the economic sphere, but expanded to everyday life of citizens, deepening urban alienation. Through this, contemporary urban space is a space for capital production and at the same time a space where the desires of members of society that promote material civilization are reproduced, the process of a new type of the production of space and the members' negotiation method for such spaces are explored. It was analyzed in association with the lives of local residents. In doing so, this study utilized the concept of 'universal alienation' proposed by David Harvey, 'urban alienation' suggested by Henry Lefebvre, and also spatial production theory. In addition, this study focused on multiple economic - and cultural policy reports, local newspapers, and urban regeneration newspapers, published in the two districts, and conducted a critical discourse analysis to analyze diverse interests and discourse politics.

This paper examined the analysis and grammatical characteristics of the first verse of Sijo Jongjang. This is summarized and summarized as follows. First, if you look at the vocabulary of the first verse of the Sijo Jongjang, the total number of vocabulary is 1,942, and the most frequent vocabulary is "probably" (921 times), and the next is "now" (420 times). In addition, we looked at the survey and frequency of the first sentence of Jongjang, and seven types of survey were identified, with 1,300 non-personality surveys "E" accounting for 19.45%, followed by 526 "Ah, Hey, Lee Yeo" accounting for 7.86%. In addition, there are a total of 10 types of embroidery at the beginning of the bell, and there are at least 2 characters to a maximum of 12 characters. The number of embroidery with a large frequency is 3, 6,329, and the ratio accounts for 94.646%. Next, we looked at the grammatical characteristics of the first sentence of Sijo Jongjang, and first of all, for the survey, a non-subjective survey, a personality survey, a subjective survey, and a purpose survey were used. And for assistants, "do" that adds a certain meaning is the most common In this way, a considerable number of vocabulary, the use of surveys, and embroidery are confirmed in the first verse of Sijo Jongjang. In the meantime, many studies have been conducted in terms of formality, but studies on grammatical aspects have been spiritual. Through this discussion, there is a lot of meaning in that it was possible to examine the grammatical characteristics of the first sentence of the end of the sentence. Therefore, if individual studies on these vocabulary are conducted in the future, the subject consciousness of the work will be more clearly revealed.

This study tried to examine the 'death' that flows through Lee Yeon-ju's poetry through the aspect of 'time'. ‘Death’ in The Night Market with a Prostitute』 appears in the aspect of coexisting with ‘life’ through the time of the crystal image. The subject appearing in the poem is pushed to the space of 'outside' and lives, but only wanders 'outside' and cannot escape. All of these characteristics presuppose the time of the crystal image, the present moment in which the past, present, and future coexist. In other words, the narrator trapped 'outside' where the past, present, and future are mixed is a narrative that reveals time as such a closed circuit. A person who has no choice but to be pushed to the 'outside' appears as an insignificant being whose life is worthless even if he dies. to be. Unlike this, the narrator in Judas, the Scapegoat can interpret death through a pure 'future' that is unhinged by forgetting the past and present. Death in this time leads to an eternal return that is different from the pure 'future'. In this collection of poems, death is a love that escapes from time as a closed circuit and encounters itself as the other countless times through the future as unhinged time. At this time, the repetition of making oneself the other reinforces the 'capacity of lies', which makes it impossible to know who is the speaker. In this process, the narrator becomes a 'saint' who enables the life of others by constantly killing himself in the future time. In this way, the narrator, as a decentralized being who constantly creates his own potential layer, continues to love in the future and claims the right of a saint.