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Purpose: In this study, we performed ventilation simulations for a standard isolation ward includingthree intensive care rooms, one anteroom(buffer room), and its recommended ventilationequipments. The purpose of this study is to predict outflow of pathogenic bacteria from patientbreath to verify the reliability and the safety of the isolation ward. Methods: We suppose threescenarios of the movement of medical staff. The leakage of patient’s breath to out of the ward ispredicted in these scenarios using CFD simulations. Results: The patient’s breath leakage rate to outof the ward in scenario 1 according to room air changes per hour(ACH : 6 and 12) is predictedto be 0.000057% and 0.00002%, respectively. The patient’s breath leakage rate to out of the wardin scenario 2 according to room air changes(ACH : 6 and 12) is predicted to be 0.00063% and0.00019%, respectively. The patient’s breath leakage rate to out of the ward in scenario 3, whichis the worst case(6 room air changes) is predicted to be 0.1%. Implications: Through the ventilationsimulation like that in this study, the reliability and the safety on isolation performance of variousplan of isolation ward are predicted quantitatively.

Purpose: This study aims to suggest the architectural planning guidelines for the nurse area andpatients’ convenient facilities design of the wards in central public hospitals of the communities. Methods: In order to suggest architectural planning guidelines, expert’s interview, field survey andanalysis of the floor plan have been conducted in this paper. Results: This paper presents room configurationsand space program, which determines the areas and structures of the spaces in thewards. Also it suggests the examples of floor plans which contains how to design nurse area andconvenient facilities of the patient in the wards. Implications: The result of this research would beuseful as a reference when the architect tries to design nurse area and convenient facilities of thepatient of the wards.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the role of the physical environment in task interruptionsin the healthcare settings. Many dangerous events such as airplane crash and medicalerrors are the result of human errors and, these errors are often the result of interruptions duringa critical task of professional workers. In fact, the physical environment that determines accessibilityand visibility among people affects interruptions significantly, but architectural studies have givenlittle attention to the management of interruptions. Methods: Therefore, the researcher reviewedresearch literature in other fields to find out how the physical environment affected interruptions. Many studies were from management, human factors, and health care, but few from architecture. First the author examined the impact of interruptions, second described the social context of interruptionsand the role of the physical environment. Results: Findings included that description of thephysical environment was not very clear in studies from management and human factors, while littlework had been done on interruptions in architecture. The author proposed study design that compensatedshortcomings of each field by combining approaches from management, human factors,and architecture. Implications: Unit design strategies such as distributed nurse stations can affectinterruptions and layout analysis such as space syntax analysis can evaluate visibility and accessibilityof floor plans in the preliminary design phase.

Purpose: Globally, Paradigm and corresponding awareness of mental health and mental illness ischanging. At this point, social policy and cultural consciousness must also be changed. Medical facilitiesto contain the recognition of the people of that period and the social, cultural background. Social situation changes, science has developed and facility changes. So, awareness of people forthe facility also changes. Thus, this study consider the meaning and features of the facility withchange of psychiatry and the concept of disease in each period. Finally, the purpose of this studyis to analyze the development of Mental Healthcare Facilities before 19th Century. Methods: In thisstudy, focusing on the literature study, it investigated the developmental process of mental healthcarefacilities. Results: As the result of this study can be summarized as followings. In ancient times,facility for the harmony of body and mental appeared by means of supernaturalism and rationalism. In the middle ages, facility for restraint and control appeared by means of religious absolutism andmysticism. In the early modern period, facility for therapy appeared by means of humanism andenlightenment. Implications: Unlike other healthcare facilities, Mental healthcare facilities have aunique history. Based on the point of view of each period, it appears form and characteristics ofmental healthcare facilities are different.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide data on the basis for architectural planning of floorplan type and spatial composition by analysing standard mental health centers in Seoul. Methods:Data were collected through literature research, field surveys, and expert interviews to 22 standardmental health centers in Seoul. Results: The results of this study could be summarized as follows;Firstly, Mental Health Center is divided into five types according to the location. Location types ofmental health center were ‘Director type’, ‘Health center connection type’, ‘Public facilities connectiontype’, ‘Complex center connection type‘ and ’Commercial Facilities connection type’. Secondly,Depending on the type of management a mental health center is divided into two types. Types are‘Complex type’ and ‘Independent type’. Average area of ‘Complex type’ is 192.99㎡ and ‘Independenttype’ is 266.87㎡. This difference affects the various spaces. Implications: It is necessary to give andarchitectural suggestion of mental health center in response to the proposal of the system.

Purpose: Healthy and balanced meal is very important for the elderly to maintain the quality of lifein community. Senior meal delivery system and congregate meal services have been played an importantrole to prevent premature institutionalization of the elderly. Food delivery system and lunchservice spaces for the Korean elderly were mostly focused and limited on low-income family. Thepurpose of this study is to analyze community food services environments for the elderly in the UK,the U.S. and Japan for the possibility of applying those service spaces to Korean community. Methods: Lunch service spaces of these three countries were investigated by literature research andvisiting of venues. Pilot study of the elderly meal services in Seoul was done for comparing environmentsand future research. Results: Lunch service spaces in three countries were mostly communitybased for accessibility and the types of management were various for the elderly to choosethe most suitable services for them. The group dining spaces are usually small and designed to givede-institutional atmosphere. Implications: Food service environments for the elderly in Korea shoulddevelop more community based model of food delivery and congregate meal service spaces as wellas more de-institutionalized design of those spaces.