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Bob Dylan’s winning of the Nobel Prize in literature can help answer the questions about what literature is. Eun Heekyung’s novel Consolation for the Body (Sonyeoneul wirohaejweo), which should be reevaluated, can be summarized by such key-words as ‘youth, rap, hip-hop, clothes (fashion), and the middle class’. So this novel can be categorized as a work of ‘major minority’. This interpretation is possible because it is centered on ‘text language’. However, this novel combines the language of the letters and the language of the hearing of ‘rap’. So the major minority becomes not a shortcoming but an advantage. On the other hand, Park Min-gyu’s novel Pavane for a Dead Princess (Jugeun wangnyeo-reul wihan pavanneu) can be interpreted very complicatedly. This novel can be interpreted as a visual center. Especially, this novel is interpreted as a love story because a ‘handsome man’ focuses on an ‘ugly woman’. However, this novel should be read in combination with sound with an eye-centered view. This novel is a combination of visual and auditory elements, which divides the existing sense system. And this disturbance can produce another sensory system like Francis Bacon’ paintings and Barth’s punctum. As such, these two novels reflect the current trend of attempting to produce new literature. The new type of humans is made through the diversification of language, and through this sensuous language, a new paradigm of literature can be confirmed.

In this paper, I will examine the issue of scientific creativity. Therefore, this paper will focus on research on specific creativity than general creativity. I try to deal with scientific creativity as specific creativity. I divide scientific creativity into two. One is scientific creativity ‘within a frame’. I refer to this as ‘creativity A’. The other is scientific creativity ‘between frames’. I refer to this as ‘creativity B’. Dealing with these two kinds of scientific creativity, I use Kuhn’s view on science. Scientific achievements within a paradigm is typical of ‘within a frame’ scientific creativity. Scientific achievements in preferring a new paradigm while discarding an old paradigm is typical of ‘between frames’ creativity. This paper is an attempt both to grasp a meaning of scientific creativity and to interpret Kuhn’s philosophy of science in light of new philosophical vision.

Cultural education in the field of Korean-language education has mainly been aimed at improving communication skills in Korean. However, as the number of foreign students who go onto graduate schools in Korea dramatically increases, there should be wider discussions on the differentiated education of Korean culture for the learners of Korean language for academic purpose among foreign students. This study aimed to reestablish the objective of cultural education for foreign learners of Korean language for academic purpose for not only improving the communication skills in Korean, but also building up the cultural and academic background knowledge for the learning performance at universities, as well as developing a textbook focusing on Korean culture, which has been used as an element incidental to language education. In terms of the content of cultural education, this study has additionally reflected the actual requirements of learners based on the cultural items of standard model and items which were judged necessary for the learning performance at universities. Besides, it has accordingly selected and suggested the necessary items of Korean culture for foreign undergraduate students. With regard to the method of cultural education, a language teaching method which covers the propagation of cultural knowledge was referred to, and the classes which consider the characteristics of each cultural item and class stage was planned and suggested. This study has great significance in that it has given an idea of implementing a differentiated cultural education in the field of Koreanlanguage education for academic purpose and that a method of educating the culture from the perspective of academic knowledge had been sought. Based upon discussions in this study, a broad variety of Korean cultural items have to be incorporated into the development of textbooks which enable teachers to systematically teach foreign students to cope with their needs, and more active discussions on the preparation for effective educational methods should be done.

This essay aims to examine the transmedial aspects between the Kim Seung-ok’s short story “A Journey to Mujin” (Mujingihaeng, 1964) and Kim Soo-yong’s film Mist (An-gae, 1967) from the standpoint of epistemological commitment. Epistemological commitment occurs when certain modes, such as language, image, and music, must entail certain semantic points when trying to reproduce a particular situation, knowledge, or trait. Mist is a film that attempts to maximize the semantic and subject identity of the original work in the process of media transition, and therefore, it is suitable to compare the difference of information according to the specific modes like language, image, and music. From the above standpoint, there is a phenomenon caused by the limitation of the medium as a technology in Mist, and a case where the semantic prosperity is increased in spite of that limitation. One of the characteristics of Mist is that the wife’s psychological restraint on Yoon Hee-jung and the inner conflict, which was somewhat moderated in “A Journey to Mujin,” are more emphasized than fiction. The dialogue scene of the pre-departure to Mujin is appropriately modified to convey the meaning more effectively by changing the visual image of ‘specific action’, which is a compulsory element under the basic situations of ‘making specific utterances and taking action simultaneously.’ In addition, there exist different aspects of epistemological commitment in each mode with regard to the media as sensory channels, and the case of semantic changes that have arisen therefrom. In terms of the characterization and a chain of semantic similarity, the description of Jo’s character is weak because the differences in language and image, semantic integration among a mad woman, a self-slaughtered hostess and Ha In-sook, who all depend on linguistic similarity, are hardly found. As a result, the ending of the original fiction focusing on ‘shyness’ and the film counterpart show more or less a difference. The question of how we express something is directly related to the question of how it can be interpreted, as we cannot insist on the idea that there is a completely media-independent content. Epistemological commitment is a particularly useful concept for extensively analyzing this problem because it is derived from an inevitably intertwined condition in terms of content and form. The value of this concept as a general criterion can be more accurately judged when a quantitative analysis of transmedial aspects would be accumulated.

This paper looks into the ‘First-Generation Koreans’ in Australia, focusing on their immigration experiences. The ‘First-Generation Koreans’ refers to the Koreans who immigrated to Australia in the 1970s and it was when Australia just began to accept non-European immigrants by abolishing so called the ‘White Australia’ policy. They are regarded as the ‘pioneer’ immigrants in the Korean Australian community. This paper examines who they are, what factors enabled them to immigrate to Australia, and in what ways they made their path to Australia. In the macro-structural level, the weakening of political and economic relationship between Australia and the European countries since the 1960s contributed to the Australia’s active engagement with the countries in Asia in terms of trade of goods, services, and people. Facing the industrial labour shortage and social demands to embrace people with diversity in Australia, the government tended to issue permanent visas to foreign nationals comprehensively as long as they were residing in Australia. However, it is important to note that the ‘First-Generation Koreans’ were not passive recipients of the opportunity structures presented to them by the origin and destination states respectively. They exercised a certain degree of agency and choice in making their decision to migrate and negotiated their conditions with the actors from both states. This paper introduces the notions of the migration systems and agency of pioneer migrants in order to explain both macro- and micro-level structures and the interaction between the ‘First-Generation Koreans’ and the state actors.

The main purpose of this paper is to explain the reason for the difficulty in teaching medical ethics and professionalism and to make a proposal for an educational model of improving moral inference in teaching medical ethics in virtue of critical thinking and writing. Above all else, the difficulty in teaching medical ethics and professionalism lies in that its educational purpose, educational procedure and contents are confused. I argue that the improvement of ethical problem-solving competency is the core component. So, I propose that the moral and ethical inference in medical ethics must be based on critical thinking and academic writing. Since many current issues in medical ethics and professionalism are related to traditional moral issues ― such as bioethics, distributive justice, animal experiment, conflict of obligations and self-regulation and so forth ― a proper and suitable teaching of medical ethics and professionalism in medical education should focus on medical subject-related educational methods and should be integrated with ethics, critical thinking and writing.

This study has been carried out to critically evaluate if the Posthuman can set a new human condition that pursues utilitarian universality. Scientifical technology can change the imperfect and finite humankind into a perfect one (Homo Magnus). Overcoming the limits of humankind with technology also means setting a new condition of humankind. Humanism and Post-humanism are qualitative different. The former has set the human-focused condition, while the latter is trying to set a human condition that is dependent on technology. And the individuals are becoming de-subjectificative. The condition of post-human rebuilt with technology is that human is perfectly connected to technology, works together with technology and is ruled by technological accuracy and universality. The posthumanists argue that this generation will be the new Utopia. But the technological human condition has always evolved together with the humankind. So we should realize that the product of Homo Creator, the technological reconstruction, can lead us to Homo Fatalis. In this view, this study covers the blind point of the posthuman discussion about the new condition of human.

The syntactic structure of utterances is sometimes ambiguous, so one sentence can actually have more than one meaning. Nonetheless, the listener correctly understands the speaker’s intentions when listening to the speaker. To resolve this ambiguity, the speaker and the listener use prosodic features such as deliberately breaking between words and words, or assigning a certain degree of intensity to the critical word. Since prosody plays an important role in conversation, investigating the relationship between the prosodic cues and the syntactic structure is very important in order to understand cognitive processes of human speech. The goal of this study is to investigate how the prosodic cues accurately conveyed the proper meaning of the sentences that are syntactically ambiguous. We also investigate whether different cues are used in order to remove the syntactic ambiguity between native English speakers and Korean learners of English. In particular, we examined how the prosodic element removes the ambiguity in the sentence while controlling the surface structure of the sentences. Also, the current study examined the correlation between English proficiency of Korean L2 learners and the disambiguation accuracy in perception. The result showed that both speaker groups used both cues in disambiguating sentences, but their use of cues patterned differently. In terms of perception test, the correlation between English proficiency and disambiguiation showed a statistically insignificant correlation. The current study has found that both native and L2 speakers were able to use acoustic cues in disambiguating sentences, and leave an open question for further study.