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This article discusses the meaning of reading literary texts as data based on the case of a lecture at a semester that explored the research method of digital humanities using Lee In-jik’s “new novel (sinsoseol)” as a target of analysis. Because linguistic processing of literary texts have a narrative characteristic, it is difficult to apply the same method being applied to non-literary texts to a literary text analysis. Linguistic processing of literature, especially the text of novel, needs to be made not in terms of words or concepts, but at least at the level of verses and between sentences and paragraphs. In this article, I propose to analyze the novel text by segmenting it into semantic units, just as Roland Barthes segmented ‘Sarrasine’ into 561 reading comprehension units in S/Z. Analysis based on semantic units can be divided into metalinguistic data representation and semantic performance data representation. The former conceptualizes semantic units or categorizes them under a specific classification system, contributing to the simplicity and abstract expression of data. However, it is difficult to reflect the chain process of meaning, so it is necessary to follow the plot of the novel and consider the semantic unit as an actual analysis object. That is a semantic performance-based data representation method. The semantic unit of the text is determined by the reader of the text. The extracted semantic unit is further cut into detailed elements that make up the meaning. It is a matter of reframing the network of relationships that form meaning. Because the network of semantic units is expressed as a data set, and the flow of this data set follows the plot of the novel, it shows the different narrative aspects of the novel. Therefore, extracting the semantic unit is also a task that unfolds the researcher’s reading comprehension of the text. In that sense, a semantic performance data representation is a “scriptable” text that Barthes spoke. Segmenting the text and restructuring the relational network by scattering the segmented units are a non-linear reading of the text. Here, the text loses both totality and externality. The image of these texts resembles that of the network. The network has no specific entrance or exit, and the divided units have a fragmented order. However, formality, blockade, clustering, and closure are also important characteristics of networks. In addition, narrative-based networks have temporality. A network with strong nonlinearity is passive in containing temporality. but I suggest that a little more discussion on the model of the network that reflects the narrative is needed for literary research.

This study is aimed at reexamining the authorship attribution of “Chujianqin” and “Cunhan” in the Han Feizi. Drawing on recent discussions regarding distant reading on literary history, this study presents a case study example of distant reading to build and test a hypothesis on Chinese classics. In the present study, both an unsupervised clustering and a supervised classification algorithm are used to explore patterns among pre-Qin and Han texts and to verify a hypothesis on the authorship attribution of the Han Feizi. More specifically, this study first applies Principal Component Analysis and then applies a BERT-based classification model to pre-Qin and Han texts with much focus on the Han Feizi. Results from this study reveal the existence of a remarkable similarity between the first two chapters of the Han Feizi and the Zhan Guo Ce (Annals of the Warring States). It not only provides a supplement to existing doubts over the authenticity of these two chapters but further suggests strong evidence of their Zhan Guo Ce origins.

This study has discussed the case of convergence-based humanities education for the purpose of appreciating classics and creating contents, centering on The Jehol Diary (Yeolha Ilgi) which contains various elements such as a new perspective on existing values and reflection on society and self from a global perspective. In particular, in order to arouse the sympathy and interest of learners, the contents were divided into ‘travel,” “a consciousness of criticizing reality,” and “the global perspective,” and explained them in connection with Yeonam’s way of thinking that makes this possible. Yeonam’s writing skills, such as ‘observational skills and recording habits, imagination of reversal, curiosity and humor’, were also used as the major contents at the class. In addition, for the content development process, scholars of humanities lead the entire process of content creation rather than only performing the role of providing source sources. (1) Contents centered on the main ideas of The Jehol Diary, (2) Yeonam’s contents using the writing method and (3) “My travels” contents applied with the composition method of The Jehol Diary. Through this course of instruction, the learners are presented with the contents and composition of The Jehol Diary. Contents such as games, video and online experience (VR) programs, smart phone applications, performances, magazines, webtoons, and novels were planned. Through these results, it was possible to find a phenomenon in which the understanding of The Jehol Diary and Yeonam was made deeper than the passive appreciation class, and the enthusiasm for content creation among the learners was higher. In addition, it was confirmed that the deepest understanding of the source texts is important based on a common consciousness of ‘why we should read The Jehol Diary.’

In this paper, I have analyzed the class consciousness of romantic fantasy-based web novels, which are the popular narratives of our society. Romantic fantasy is set in the royal state of Western Europe. Romantic fantasy-based web novels have two main story structures. One is the story of a heroine marrying a royal family member or an aristocrat, and the other is the success in the professional field. In the case of the ‘Book Traveler’ genre, a person who lived in Korea in the 21st century, was possessed by an upper class character and struggled for power to protect wealth and power. The character goes on a power struggle by using “weakness and feebleness” as a weapon. Weak power struggles maintain the wealth and power of the person who is accountable. In addition, the protagonist of the novel has a complete happy ending by stealing the narrative of the actual novel protagonist. The Past Traveler genre is the story of a protagonist taking revenge on his or her enemy. In order for the person who returned to succeed in revenge, he or she must abandon good personality. They want to maximize efficiency by selecting talented people and placing those characters around them in the right place. In order for a traveler to live a ‘polis life’, there must be reproductive labor and caring labor. This caring labor support is available because it is a class society with a clear status order. It is a thoroughly classy and class narrative in that regression completes the polis life with the help of caring work.

Broadcasting news follows one of the most normative standards among broadcasting languages. Some of the most widely debated linguistic issues of broadcast language are the conventional, non-objective, and descriptive expressions. The expressions of broadcasting news are not regarded as appropriate in that they, rather than promoting their original purpose of seeking for accuracy and a fair delivery of information, hinders the communication of broadcasting. From this point of view, several discussions have been made with regard to the language of news. The current problem of broadcasting language is related to the problem of practice and application rather than finding and presenting new criteria of usage or contents.

Jang Il-soon (1928-1994) is a practical thinker who recognized the importance of life and put it into practice before environmental problems were properly recognized in our society. He deserves to be called an ‘anti-philosopher’ in that he tried to change his way of life based on the reinterpretation of existing truths rather than a producer of truth. His pioneering thought is highly significant in that he is still influencing “the life-movement” of contemporary civil society as he did in his own period. He left his mark on political participation and peace movement, but he devoted himself to the life movement from 1977 until his death. In particular, his thought has philosophical significance in that he is a thinker who provides the ideological basis for “the life movement” in Korea. In this paper, we examine the occasion of Jang Il-soon’s launching the ecological movement (Chapter 2) and the influence of Catholicism and the Wonju Camp (Chapter 3 ) as well a s of C onfucianism, Buddhism, T aoism and Donghak (Eastern Learning), which all served as the roots of the life-philosophy that became the source of his awareness of life. It will deal with unity and egalitarianism (Chapter 4), which are the main characteristics of his thought. Although a long time has passed since Jang Il-soon passed away, his idea is still valid and is becoming more an issue of enormous significance in our lives. A study on his thought is important in finding a new model of ecological movement that is applied to our life, reality, and locality.

The main purpose of this paper is to explore the main issues of various views on happiness and to clarify the relationship between happiness and normativity. Theories and views about happiness can be explored from various perspectives. However, the general notion of happiness is being discussed more in relation to subjectivism and relativism. In general, the pursuit of happiness is recognized as both a right and a duty. Besides, the generally accepted formal definition of happiness is ‘the best thing or ultimate purpose in life (Telos)’. In this respect, happiness has a regulating character in our lives. And it motivates and sets a direction in our lives. In order to understand the various views on happiness, we will first clarify the normativity of happiness and examine it based on subjectivism and objectivism. Then we will examine the relationships between the normativity of happiness and various views on happiness. In conclusion, we will argue that the normativeness of happiness is weakened as we take a subjective view of happiness but is strengthened as we take an objective one.

This study is aimed at providing insight into how memorial museums and museum experiences are affected by the entertainment industry and consumer society in contemporary society. In particular, the author pays attention to the Holocaust, which has been popularized and entertained through the entertainment industry. Through two recent cases that occurred at memorial museums, this research analyzes the phenomenon in which the boundary between the Holocaust (real) exhibited by the memorial museum and the Holocaust (fake), which the entertainment industry has recreated and reproduced, has disappeared. By doing so, this study offers a new perspective on understanding museums and museum-goers. Moreover, this research examines the consumption of commemoration by examining whether individuals living in contemporary society, characterized by rampant consumption, are consuming, rather than accepting, the message the museum is attempting to convey. By introducing a correlation between memorial museums, the entertainment industry, and consumer society, this study proposes to reconsider whether it is effective for museums to stick to the conventional exhibition methods. The discussion will focus much on the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, DC as a case study.