Remarks on the Phonological Change 'sɨ, tsɨ(tshɨ) > ʃi, ʧi(ʧhi)' in pre-Modern Korean

Park, Jong-Hee

This paper aimed to explain a phonological change /sɨ, tsɨ(tshɨ)/ > /ʃi, ʧi(ʧhi)/ which was established in pre-Modern Korean. This three changes have been considered as one of the assimilation processes which were affected by the preceding consonants. The phonological feature [anterior] or [palatal] of the preceding consonants was spreaded into a following adjacent vowel /ɨ/ and so the high back vowel /ɨ/ was changed to the high front vowel /i/. However I tried to reanalyze these changes as two separate independent processes. Because these changes were appeared at different times and also their domain of distribution were not the same. Moreover /tsɨ, tshɨ > ʧi, ʧhi/ changes which begun only after the preceding consonants were restructured to palato- alveolar about 19 Century but /sɨ > ʃi/ change become to appear earlier than the above changes. In addition /ts/, /tsh/ were restructured to palatal but /s/ was not. /s/ have been remained as alveolar sound at the contemporary Korean. Fricative /s/ was produced with much acoustic turbulences, long periods of friction and aspiration. These properties affected to a adjacent weak vowel /ɨ/ and so it was shifted to a high front vowel after /ʌ/ was disappeared in their vowel system about at the end of 18 Century. As the reaction of this weakening process, the perceptual cues of /ɨ/ was enhanced to preserve its identity. Therefore /ɨ/ was changed into /i/ which formed a distinctive pairs and had a little more phonological strength. This change was intrinsically not the same as the one which was become to appear after the palato-alveolar consonants a little later about 19 Century. At that time the alveolar affricate was shifted to palato-alveolar affricate in the consonant system. /tsɨ, tshɨ > ʧi, ʧhi/ changes were assimilatory processes which was affected by the spreading tongue body feature [backness] of the preceding palatal consonants. In this respect they were different processes which had a different interaction of other high ranked constraints. In other words, /sɨ > ʃi/ was made by means of the enhancement constraint *sɨ and /tsɨ, tshɨ > ʧi, ʧhi/ the effort minimization constraint PA→ FRONT.

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