4th Industrial Revolution & Machine Medical Ethics
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The main purpose of this paper is explore the main issues of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4th IR) and the Machine Medical Ethics (MME). If we analyze the 4th IR and MME in terms of the concept of integration and dispersion, the technology of Big Data integrates personal data in the world but the technology of Artificial Intelligence (AI) disperses decision-making and legitimated responsibility from human to artificial machines. The debate of MME should start from raising two kinds of main questions. The first question is that we require the self-reflective thinking of how we can design an artificial machine that can operate in favor of humans. And the other question is a philosophical discussion of how we can deal with or treat artificial machines. Roughly speaking, the first is a problem of robotics or robot-ethics, and the latter is a problem of the machine ethics. In short, the machine medical ethics combines the two questions mentioned above. According to J. H. Moor, a kind of Artificial Moral Agent (AMA) could be classified according to its competent properties; ethical-impact agent, implicit moral agent, explicit moral agent, and full moral agent. And the main problems of AMA differentiates three questions such as a problem of computability, a machine as an autonomous moral agent, and the implementation of ethical rules. Computer scientists and engineers try to implement AMA by applying ‘Top-Down, Bottom-Up and Hybrid approaches.’ However, it is manifest that finding a settlement through these approaches is as difficult as disentangling the Gordian Knot.
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