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This article attempts to examine the narrative structure of 'antiwar film' in postwar Japan focusing on Himeyuri Butai films. Himeyuri Butai or Star Lily Corps in Okinawa was assembled by the Japanese military authorities and its members were local female high school. The story of Himeyuri became a symbol of civilian tragic suffering in the war and had been made into films many times only in mainland Japan named 'antiwar film'. However the 'antiwar message' carried out by these movies is problematic because the narratives of these only accentuate the national image of the victimized Japan by depicting sacrifice of young maidens. And these films do not tell this war was started by Japan and depict the violence of Japanese to other countries.

At the beginning of the last century, the new science known as narrative theory emerged. In the response of an epistemological scepticism on the stories, America and Europe demonstrated a slightly different reactions on the question how the given narrative text directs the reader to the specific way of reading. Through the survey of the main texts of narratology, this paper foregrounds the differences and the similarities between two sides, and investigates the controversies caused by them in the Post-classical narratologies. While American tends to utilize the concepts of plot and invent such term as the implied author, European revitalizes the term, sjuzet, and develops the concepts of narrator. From the results of those differences which is reflecting the two regions' different intellectual environment, the present discussions seek for rereading the old terms of the implied author as well as narrator in order to consider which one is more appropriate for the narrative text after Post-modern Cultural Studies.

Besides the direct support on the universities' research fund, government research fund is indirectly related to strengthen the research capacity of universities through providing equipment for the experiments or research infrastructure project. The Science Foundation is providing research projects mainly on the fields of science and technology. And the Korea Research Foundation does to the fields of humanity and social science. Therefore universities should be responsible for the transparent and efficient management of research fund and researchers by the expertise. The research goal is to modify the evaluation system of centralized management system of universities' research fund for the transparent and efficient management of research fund less burden of researchers.

The studies until now are concluding that stock price in stock market follows random walk process by rational expectation hypothesis and efficient market hypothesis developing a lot of probability models. However, random walk process in stock market has a lot of questions actually. The main objective of this thesis is to test existence of the long-term memory effect of stock markets in Southeast Asia. We examine the long memory properties in yield simultaneously using the modified R/S analysis For this purpose we investigate the statistical properties of Indonesia(JSX INDEX)․ Malaysia(KLSE COMPOSITE)․Philippines(PHS COMPOSITE), Singapore(STRAITS TIME IDX)․ Thailand(THAILAND SET) data for the period (1997. 7.-2004. 6.) in daily frequency. We found that the Southeast Asia stock market exhibits the long memory process of yield. In conclusions, this thesis shows existence of the long-term memory effect of stock markets in Southeast Asia.

The Korean government began to pursue 'open trade policy' as an effective policy means to cope with the impacts of the economic crisis in the late 1990s. The Korean government has expected that free and open trade will bring substantial gains to Korean economy as a whole. In particular, FTA policy has been used as strategic policy means to not only expand the trade and investment, but also strengthen Korean economic effectiveness and industrial competitiveness. However, concerns have been raised about the 'closed' nature of the government's trade policy-making process. Moreover, it has also been pointed out that socio-economic difficulties can be expanded if less competitive industries and individuals are exposed to highly competitive environments as a result of 'open trade policy'. These concerns imply that the public needs to be informed with more information on the trade policy-making process itself as well as the potential socio-economic impacts of the trade liberalisation. Therefore, government's trade policy process needs to be more open and transparent in order to form public consensus on the government's policy initiatives. This will be an important key to successful promotion of the government's trade policy objectives in its external economic relations.

The purpose of this paper is to present the social integration of South-North Korea from a cultural point of view by employing a methodology of the inter-cultural communication hermeneutics. The inter-cultural communication method has been driven by an emphasis on the relationships among different cultures in search of the most productive pathways to construct the more reliable and collaborative community in this global ear. As globalization and localization intensify in every corner of the world, the field of social-cultural integration of South-North of Korea is increasingly confronted by more fundamental issues of identity, community, and humanity. Culture, along with the political-economic dimension, has come to be one of the dominant issues within the social integration process of South-North Korea. Inter-cultural communication provides a conceptual framework for analyzing interaction between dissimilar societies of South-North Korea. This paper presents a critical view about the frequent use of South Korea's cultural standards in intercultural communication as a form of hegemony, which is linked with globalization as Anglo-Americanization, trans-nationalization, and commercialization. The model of social integration has been discussed based on the four representative theories: functionalist, neo-functionalist, systematic theory, and structural analysis to bring up the recreation of the Korean organic model of integration without relying on a particular westernized model. The survival and flourishing of two Koreas depends on the ability to communicate successfully across differences. This paper examines the futuristic forms of cultural integration: culture of distance, restoration of the ancient Korean cultural heritage, cultural bi-polarity, disintegration of ethnocentrism, neo-Korean feminism & sex culture, and conflict between nationalism and fundamental religions. The basic rationale of this paper is on that the mutual referencing and learning of South-North Korea that will be vital to the harmonious social integration of South-North Korea. Somewhere in the convergence of the two cultures and perceptions the South-North Korea, they discover the channel of the ‘transversality’ of culture and the meaning of co-existence as well.

After the cold war this sense of the word 'neoliberal globalization' is widely used in the world. The terms globalization and neoliberalism are used as if they were interchangeable. Neoliberalism is a set of political and economic policies that have become widespread. Neoliberalism is usually used for global market -liberalism and for free-trade policies. However, The financial crisis of the world began in 2007 when a loss of confidence by investors in the value of securitized mortgages in the United States resulted in the critical moment of neoliberalism. This paper explores characteristics proposed for the economic crisis, inquires into the historical thesis-antithesis-synthesis context of neoliberalism and analyzes a basis upon policy aim which neoliberalism try to seek for. Accordingly This article searches for clues of critical ground about neoliberal transition. Critics of neoliberalism examine the political foundations of the neoliberal project as well as its economic foundations. And then, preponderantly makes a study of another alternatives of neoliberalism.

This research is on the federal idea and actions of Altiero Spinelli, an ardent Italian federalist who has devoted his whole life to construct a federal Europe. As a first author of the 'Ventotene Manifesto' that presented federalism as an alternative to european nation state system and for securing peace in Europe, Spinelli has laid down a cornerstone for european federalism. His federal idea is based on profound reflection on the 'crisis of nation state' and 'war and peace'. He thought that the sovereignty created by the combining of nation with state, led to an authoritarian governing on citizens inside the state and aggressive attitude outside. He was convinced that Imperialism and Fascism was the last stage in the historical progress of nation state. So he has convinced that it was a guarantee for peace to prevent Europe from returning to nation state system through forming a federal Europe. He presented United States of Europe as a goal toward which europeans should head, and acted at the head of political struggle for the goal, with definite strategy and tactics. The strategy was the so-called 'constitutional approach' that is a complete contrast to the functional approach. Different from the gradual integration that was invented by the functional federalists like Jean Monnet, it was a method to achieve European federation at a stroke, transferring all national sovereignties to supranational institution. And this would be possible through establishing a European Federal Constitution by constitutional assembly. As for the tactics, he proposed the creation of movements favorable to european federal integration and autonomous from national parties and ideologies. And for achieving the constitutional approach, he acted himself using the contradiction of functional approach and inducing political leaders to take initiatives. His strategy and tactics didn't have great success, but his idea and actions showed europeans what they have to aim at to be liberated from nation state's restriction and to live in peace, and guided how to act to obtain it. As for the prospect of regional integration in East Asia, his idea and strategy could teach us what we should do first.

The official negotiation for a Japan and Korea FTA began at the end of 2003, without substantial confidence for mutual gains from the conclusion of the FTA. As the differences of positions about major issues in the bilateral FTA negotiation were rather enlarged more under the negotiation period of 2003-2004, the negotiation was finally suspended at the end of 2004. Moreover, political relations between Korea and Japan were worsened due to then-Japanese Prime Minister Koizumi's paying homage to Japanese shrine, in addition to territory issue about the Dokdo Island and the textbook with distorted interpretation on history. While Japan has been active in requesting Korea for resuming the negotiation for a Japan-Korea FTA after President Lee, Myong-Bak took office February 2008, Japan does not seem to be enthusiastic in devising the contents for balancing economic gains from the bilateral FTA. Still, the government of Korea is not sure for economic gains from structural adjustment with the FTA. However, Korea signed the FTA with US in April 2007 and is under final stage for conclusion for an FTA with EU, and Korean industries will be under structural adjustment in a few years. implying that economic gains/losses from structural adjustment under an FTA with Japan should be reassessed. In general, it can be summarized that political environment for a Korea-Japan FTA is improved now than past. However, unless Korea become confident about inducing 'a win-win FTA' with Japan, Korea should not resume official negotiation for a FTA with Japan. Also Japan should pay more attention for preparing menus for making a mutually beneficial FTA, rather than pushing the resumption of the negotiation. Otherwise, simple resumption of negotiation will entail another failure in the road of a Japan-Korea FTA.

The aim of this paper is to closely examine the role of a female rape victim as she passes through the criminal justice system and associated agencies therein. This paper deals exclusively with female rape as male rape is still relatively a minority offense and information would not have been easily accessible. We have attempted to systematically follow the female rape victim through the processes that she would encounter within the criminal justice framework and beyond, where relevant, to provide a rape victim's view of criminal justice system, British court. The sectionⅡ explained generalisation, categorisation of rape and the rape victim's perspective of her ordeal as her travels through the criminal justice system both historically and currently of aspects of critical points. Next, sectionⅢ is that contents of the role of court personnel within the criminal justice system in relation to their interplay with alleged rape victims and changes of court's response after 1994 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act. Though this research, we could knew about British criminal justice agencies's attitudes, especially British Court, about rape's victims of aspects of critical points. Besides, we have to try to research about both mechanisms of rape's crime and restorative justice's processes about rape's women.