The Break Down of the New Order Regime and Democratization in Indonesia

Seung-Gook Ahn

doi:10.18107/japs.2008.15.2.009

This paper analysed the break down of Soeharto's New Order regime and transition to democracy in Indonesia. The New Order regime was founded by former President Soeharto in 1965. Soeharto built his regime on the basis of “Guided Democracy” left by his predecessor, Soekarno. The imposition of Guided Democracy in 1959 ushered the collapse of parliamentary democracy and replaced it with a system that provided no real checks on the executive presidency. In 1997 and 1998, Indonesia was hit with a severe economic crisis and also faced with political turmoil. In May 1998, President Soeharto had resigned after thirty-two years of dictatorship, brought down by a coalition of students, politicians, Muslim reformers, and moderate military commanders. Soeharto's downfall was accompanied by outbreaks of civil violence. The fall of President Soeharto created the opportunity for democratic reform. Since the demise of the New Order regime, Indonesia has had Four presidents—B.J. Habibie, Abdurrahman Wahid, Megawati Sukarnoputri, and Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono—all of whom took power by free election.

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