KJC Korea
Journal Central

The number of reported traumatic injuries has been increasing in recent years, particularly that of dentaltrauma in children and adolescents. While the risks associated with dental trauma in this population have beenincreasingly realized, domestic reports on this issue seem to be insufficient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental trauma and to evaluate the relevant riskfactors and the level of self-recognition. 1,371 adolescents attending middle schools at Yangsan were surveyedvia clinical examination and questionnaire; the results were as follows:According to the clinical examination, the overall prevalence of dental trauma was 16.8% with preponderanceof males (19.2%) compared to females (13.7%) (p < 0.05). The average number of injured teeth per adolescentwith a history of trauma was 1.34. Comparing the prevalence, maxillary central incisors and enamel fractureoccupied the highest ranks by tooth type and mode of trauma, respectively. Class II division 1 malocclusion andoverjet exceeding 8.0 mm were identified as significant risk factors (p < 0.05). The degree of self-recognition ofdental trauma showed a low coincidence rate compared with results of the clinical examination. Males expresseda higher level of satisfaction toward the results of treatment for dental trauma than females (p < 0.05).

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the malocclusion and dental cariesin adolescents with permanent dentition. The subjects of the study were 385 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years. Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and DMFT index were recorded as clinical indicators of malocclusion and dentalcaries. The mean Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) score of the subjects was 12.42 and the mean DMFT index of thesubjects was 2.89. Four students (1.04%) were included in the group of orthodontic treatment mandatory,which signifies the handicapping malocclusion. Moreover, the result of gender-specific analysis of the DAI componentsobserved that the prevalence of midline diastema and mandibular overjet were significantly higheramong boys (p < 0.05). In 7 components (missing teeth, incisal segment crowding, maxillary anterior irregularity, mandibular anteriorirregularity, mandibular overjet, anterior openbite, antero-posterior molar relationship) among the 10 DAI components,abnormal groups showed significantly higher DMFT index than normal groups (p < 0.05). The subjects in the group of definite to handicapping malocclusion (DAI ≥ 26) showed significantly higherDMFT index than the subjects in the group of minor or no malocclusion (p < 0.01). In addition, the DAI scorehad significant positive linear correlation with the DMFT index (r = 0.584, p < 0.01). Consequently, the current findings suggested a positive relationship between the malocclusion and cariesprevalence. And several specific types of malocclusion were supposed to be significantly correlated with dentalcaries.

This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of 5% sodium fluoride-polyvinyl alcohol (NaF-PVA) tapeinfluencing enamel remineralization by analysing enamel surface microhardness (SMH) and variation of ΔF ofQLF. After enamel demineralizing of specimen, these 60 specimens with average KHN of microhardness rangingfrom 50 to 100 and with ΔF of QLF ranging from -15 to -25 were divided into four groups : group 1 (controlgroup), group 2 (NaF-PVA), group 3 (fluoride varnish, FluoroDose varnish), group 4 (Casein phosphopeptideamorphouscalcium phosphate, Tooth mousse plusTM). These specimens were treated with materials and thenimmersed in artificial saliva. We measured remineralization rate each using surface microhardness (SMH) andQuantitative light-induced fluorescence digital (QLF-D). As a result, NaF-PVA tape is better than group 1, 4 and have comparable remineralization effect with group 3(p < 0.05).

The purpose of this study was to compare skeletal maturity index and dental developmental stages based onskeletal malocclusion. A total of 192 patients (89 male and 103 female) between 6 to 14 years old were selected for this study andunderwent cephalograms, panorama radiographs, and hand-wrist radiographs. Any syndromic cases were excluded. Selected clinical parameters were dichotomised for statistical analysis. Chi-square, logistic regressionanalysis, and independent t-tests were used for the statistical evaluation. Canine, first molar, and second molar calcification were significantly associated with skeletal maturity in thelogistic regression model (p < 0.05). In addition, patients who had higher skeletal maturity index were 11.43times more likely to be female than those who had lower skeletal maturity index (p < 0.001). The patients withskeletal class II malocclusion displayed significantly higher dental developmental stage in canines, first premolars,first molars, and second molars than the patients with class III malocclusion (p < 0.05). The dental developmental stage of the patients was significantly associated with skeletal maturity. In addition,there was a significant difference between class II and class III malocclusion with some types of tooth calcification.

An in vitro study on cariogenic potential of four over-the-counter nutritional supplements for children wasperformed. The experimental groups were four over-the-counter nutritional supplements. The positive controlgroup was 10% sucrose solution (S), and the negative control group was artificial saliva (T). The pH of each group,the buffering capacities, acid production, the microhardness changes of the bovine teeth specimens were measured. The pH of all experimental groups were lower than critical pH 5.5 where enamel demineralization starts. Thebuffering capacity of the Hama Vitamin Pharm (Hamsoa Pharm Co., Korea) was highest, and the SmartChewable Vitamin A (JW Pharm Co., Korea) had the lowest buffering capacity. The reduction rates of the pH ofthe experimental groups were significantly higher than that of the negative control group (p < 0.05). The microhardnessof enamel of all experimental groups and the positive control group significantly decreased. In contrast,the microhardness of enamel of the negative control group significantly increased after experiment (p < 0.05). The reduction rate of the microhardness of enamel of the Hama Vitamin Pharm (Hamsoa Pharm Co., Korea)was significantly higher and Hikid Plus (Sanga Pharm Co., Korea) was significantly lower than the other experimentalgroups.

The purpose of this study was to find out prevalence of peg-laterals and to evaluate the frequency of dentalanomalies in Korean children with peg-laterals. For this study, panoramic radiographs of 3,278 patients (aged 7to 15 years) from the Department of Pediatric Dentistry admitted from January, 2008 to January, 2013 wereselected for an investigation on peg-laterals distribution. The prevalence of peg-laterals was 2.62% (86 subjects). Among the peg-laterals children, the distribution ofassociated dental anomalies were as follows: congenitally missing teeth (29.1%), dens invaginatus (19.8%),impacted teeth (12.8%), supernumerary teeth (9.3%), and transposition (4.7%). Due to this study showing frequent occurrences of peg-laterals with other dental anomalies, one suggestion isto consider such relationships before deciding on a diagnosis and treatment plan.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of non-nutritive sucking in preschool children inDaejeon. This study assessed the relationship between contributing factors influencing the prevalence of nonnutritivesucking. Also, the effects of non-nutritive sucking on the primary dentition were investigated. The study included 841 children 18~65 months of age that visited a pediatric private dental clinic for oralexamination. Both children and their guardians were surveyed. It was found that 32.8% of children exhibited non-nutritive sucking, and 37.7% of females displayed thisbehavior. The number of females showing this behavior was significantly greater than that of males. The prevalencedecreased significantly with the breast-feeding period, and there was no association with either birth rankor maternal occupation. Finger sucking (62.6%) was more prevalent and of longer duration than pacifier sucking (37.4%). Malocclusion of the primary dentition was associated with the duration of this behavior.

The aim of this study was to establish the appropriate guidelines in the sedation techniques and to organizethe continuing education programs for the sedation in future under the direction of Committee on Sedation,Education and Research under the Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry(KAPD). The surveys on the sedationtechnique were performed on 111 organizations which practices the sedation and responded to the survey viaonline and e-mail by February 2014. The collected survey were analyzed. The purpose of sedation was mainly tomanage the children’s behavior and its uses were primarily on 3~4 years old children. The most frequent durationof treatment was 1~2 hours to treat both maxillary and mandible. The preferred dosages of sedative drugswere chloral hydrate(CH) 50~70 mg/kg, hydorxyzine(Hx) 1~2 mg/kg, and intramuscular midazolam(Mida IM)0.1~0.2 mg/kg. The preferred combination of the sedative drugs were CH + Hx + N2O/O2(67.6%), CH + Hx+ Mida submucosal administration (SM) + N2O/O2(29.7%), and Mida IM + N2O/O2(23.4%). The administrationof additional sedatives was carried out at 48%, mainly using Midazolam. 87.5% of the respondents experienced the adverse effects of the sedation such as vomiting/retching, agitationduring recovery, subclinical respiratory depression, staggering, and etc. Among them, only 20% periodically retrainthe emergency management protocol. About the discharge criteria for patients after the sedation, the respondentseither showed a lack of clear criteria or did not follow the recommended discharge criteria. 86% of therespondents expressed the interests in taking a course on the sedation and they wanted to learn mostly aboutthe sedation-related emergency management, the safe dosage of the sedative drugs, and etc. The use of sedation in pediatric dentistry must be consider a patient’s safety as top priority and each dentistmust show the evidence of sound practices for the prevention of any possible medical errors. Therefore, KAPDmust establish the proper sedation guidelines and it needs to provide the systematic technical training programof sedation-related emergency management for pediatric dentists.

This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between the types of maxillary labial frenum attachmentand the dental age in children. The maxillary labial frenum attachment levels were examined from the children who visited Chonbuk NationalUniversity Dental Hospital between April, 2010 and December, 2013. The total number of the examinedchildren was 320 (160 males, 160 females) between the age of 2 and 12. The types of maxillary labial frenumwere categorized according to Placek’s classification and each type was analyzed for its relationship with bothHellman’s dental age and the eruption stage of permanent maxillary anterior teeth. The observed forms of maxillary labial frenum along with their frequency were as follows: gingival (56.3%),papillary (20.6%), mucosal (18.1%) and papillary penetrating (5.0%). The frenum form showed no significantdifference due to gender (p > 0.05). From IC to IIIB in Hellman’s dental age, the mucosal type increased significantly(p < 0.001). There was no significant relationship between the types of maxillary labial frenum attachmentand the eruption state of permanent maxillary anterior teeth (p > 0.05).

Recording of the research procedure and results is the compulsory virtue to scientists. This ensures theobjectivity and integrity of research and has become a cornerstone for a junior scholar. Furthermore, we cansave time and efforts by avoiding duplication study. Recently on its patent application, the value of laboratorynotebook is going to increase. However, there is a limitation to record a voluminous work in a traditional writinglaboratory notebook. So, it could be an alternative proposal to convert that into an electronic work or develop anelectronic laboratory notebook. Our journal has continuously pursued globalization. Laboratory notebook couldbe one of the key factors for that goal. In the present study, the authors reviewed the needs for laboratorynotebook and tried developing a proto-type electronic laboratory notebook.