KJC Korea
Journal Central

The purpose of this study is to investigate the geographical information of Northern Territory in late Joseon Period through Old Western Maps and Huang chao yi tong yu di quan tu. Firstly, the types of borderline between Joseon and China represented in Old western maps were analysed. Throughout the eighteenth century, maps remained inaccurate with regards to actual political control in regions of Gando. So these maps have serious problems for use in territory sovereignty claim. Secondly, Huang chao yi tong yu di quan tu was used by China for the Tomun and Duman to be same river in 1885 Border meetings. But it was used by Lee Jung-Ha for the argument that the source of Dumangang was Hongtosu in 1887 meetings. Now Hongtosu is the border line between China and North Korea. In conclusion, the old map should be objectively and throughly investigated to be used for the claiming of the Territorial Sovereignty over northern territory.

Unlike other Jeju Island maps, the wood-block printed 「Tamna jido」 has direction line drawn centering on Hallasan Mountain and rectangular grid, and thus has drawn the attention of the academia since early on. From what is specified on the map, 「Tamna jido」 is presumed to have been produced between 1706 and 1716. The overall coastal boundaries and expression techniques, etc. are similar to 1709 「Tamna jido byeongseo」, and is regarded as a map of the same kind. The map is accompanied by texts, comprised of topographical relations, islands, and famous places of Jeju Island. 「Tamna jido」 employs grid method and direction line method. The grid method comes from China, and aims at clarifying the distance relations, and the direction line method intends to express the topographical relations to neighboring countries accurately. The direction line method is a rare case that is hard to find in ancient maps of China or Korea. The direction line method is similar to portolan charts of the West, but it appears that it had not been used for actual voyage navigation.

The study argues that the survey results and maps made around the coastline of the Korean peninsula during the imperialist expansion process in the Far East of Russia are known to European maps, which was the most accurate geographical information that far. After the Beijing Treaty and the Vladivostok port construction in 1860, Russia determined to create an organized military maps of the Far East, this task was systematically done after 1884 through Korea-Russia Patron Treaty. Nineteen map sheets with scale of 1: 420,000 were drawn around the Korean peninsula, which task ended abruptly after the defeat of Russo-Japanese War in 1905. The most large-scale maps at that the time are to be propagated into the European community, which is responsible for delivering the most detailed geographical information on the Korean peninsula.

The current study aims to analyze Chae Hyun Family's Geography teaching materials and to reveal their perceptions on the place name of East Sea before and after Eulsa Agreement in 1905. Japanese had labelled the sea between Korea and Japan as the North Sea by the early 20th century. In Japan, however, the exonym, Sea of Japan, has been officially used right after Russo-Japanese War in 1905 due to its geopolitical importance. Moreover, in Korea, Sea of Japan has been officially used in public elementary schools by Japanese Resident-General of Korea. Many Korean private authors of Geography education textbooks had a sense of resistance for this name. In particular, after Eulsa Agreement, Chae Hyun and his son, Gongryeom Hyun used East Sea or Sea of Korea with an independent view of Sea of Japan or at least them together in their teaching materials, including Geography textbooks, maps, and atlas. However, after Japanese annexation of Korea in 1910, Sea of Japan has been officially used in all Geography textbooks and maps for both public and private schools by Japanese Government-General of the Joseon.

Since the 2000s, the number of maps which is made by non-professional cartographers is growing with the spread of personal computer and using computer graphic programs. Especially, historical maps and atlases are mainly compiled by the co-work with historians and computer graphic illustrators in South Korea. This phenomenon could be analysed as positively in terms of spread of using maps, but the possibility of reproduction of incorrect maps is rather high. This author set the cartographic standards and evaluate the Northeast Asia historical maps as a case study of historical atlas, which is mainly compiled by historians. As a result, the maps did not follow cartographic standards, for example, map projection, map extents, map scale, hypsometric tint, bathymetric tint, symbols and legends, map legibility. Moreover, the maps did not follow the obligatory national identity standards which are toponyms should be written in Korean and Dokdo and East Sea should be written in any maps. To solve these problems, cartographic standards in making historical map urgently need to be set up systematically and in detail.

Recently, demand for statistics of the potential service population is increasing for the analysis of trade area for small business establishment and the investigation of regional industrial demands. The census is not appropriate for estimating a timely potential service population because the census survey is usually implemented at a regular long interval. Mobile telecommunications big data collected from individual’s mobile phone enables to overcome the shortcomings of the census and presents the real-time dynamics of regional population distribution and flow. This research attempts to estimate a de facto population as potential service demand of the region using a mobile telecommunications big data and spatial statistics. For doing this, we first examined the distribution of the ‘service population’ of Daegu metropolitan city in terms of gender, age, and temporal periods, which is provided by a commercial mobile telecom company. Then, we estimated a de facto population by census output area using OLS and spatial regression models based on a number of explanatory variables regarding population, social, and economic characteristics of the region. The empirical results show that a potential service population can be significantly estimated using regional statistical data and the spatial regression model with an explicit consideration of spatial dependency of population is the best fit for de facto population estimation. The estimation error is smallest in the level of the census output area and de facto population by age group is more accurately estimated than other population categories. For the spatial distribution of the estimation error, over-estimation has often occurred in central areas of the city and under-estimation has appeared in outer areas of the city. This might be led by the regional differentiation of mobile-phone usage and mobility.

In this study, the spatial distribution of Location Based Social Network data in Korea is analyzed. The key feature of LBSN data is that the contents, which are created by users, are tightly related to the regional features where the venues belong to. The Foursquare data are analyzed as a case study and the information of venues and tips are collected and analyzed to identify the regional features. The quantitative aspects of LBSN data such as number of venues and tips are analyzed with statistical methods. As a result, the urban city, Seoul and tourism place Jeju are the places that have highest number of venues and tips and the quantitative differences are clarified using text analysis method.

In spite of an increased interest on commercial property, there is a lack of useful information for the interested investors. The utility of a commercial building such as accessibility and convenience diminishes as the floor level increases, which is referred to vertical gradient. This paper extends the application of vertical gradient of property utility to include not only rent but assessed price and investment earnings rate. Based on a nationwide sample of offices and retail buildings we found that (1) vertical gradient is useful in identifying the functions and demands of commercial areas when combined with composition of business categories; (2) comparison and integration of different types of vertical gradients help establish exploratory hypothesis on market trends such as possibility and degree of price fluctuations.

Global warming can bring about changes in crop yield by directly affecting meteorological parameters such as temperature and precipitation. Previous studies based on the climate change scenarios had difficulties in detailed simulation owing to the problem of spatial resolution of GCM (general circulation model). The researches using time-series modeling rarely incorporated climate factors info the crop yield prediction. In this study, we conducted experimental predictions of corn and soybean yields by time-series modeling of downscaled climate reanalysis data. We built a database for the climate dataset and governmental yield statistics for the period of 1960-2009 for the 99 counties in Iowa State. Then we carried out 10 sets of the next-year prediction for corn and soybean yields using VAR (vector autoregression) and ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) methods. The VAR and ARIMA were able to predict the next-year yields with the errors of 16-18% and 11-14%, respectively. In addition, soil properties such as topsoil pH, subsoil clay fraction and subsoil sodicity were closely related to the actual yields and the prediction accuracies.