KJC Korea
Journal Central

Objectives : This study was carried out to understand the immune responses of the Changchuldointanggami-bang(after referred to CDIT) on antioxidants, THP-1 cell and rheumatoid arthritis in Collagen-induced Arthritis(CIA) mice. Methods : The antioxidative effect of CDIT on DPPH free radical and SOD-like activity was measured. CDIT was administered to THP-1 cell, cytokine and mRNA associated with inflammation were measured. CDIT was orallyadministered to mice with arthritis by collagen Ⅱ and then cytokine, PBMC in the serum were measured. Results : 1. The scavenging activity of CDIT on DPPH free radical was dose-dependent. 2. The effect of CDIT on SOD-like activity was dose-dependent. 3. The production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α was decreased significantly in THP-1 cell. 4. The expression of IL-1β mRNA, IL-6mRNA, TNF-α mRNA were decreased significantly in THP-1 cell. 5. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α were decreased significantly in the serum of CIA mice. 6. CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ were increased significantly, butCD3+/CD69+, CD3+/CD49b+, B220+/CD23+ were decreased significantly in PBMC of CIA mice. Conclusions : Taking all these observations into account, CDIT is considered to be effective in rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore we have to survey continuously in looking for the effective substance and mechanism in the future.

Objectives : This experimental study was designed to investigate the effect of KangwhalSokdan-tang(Jianghuoxuduan-tang) on the muscle regeneration of atrophied rat muscle by hindlimb suspension. Materialsandmethods : In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 250g were subjected to hindlimb suspension and divided into total four groups: Normal group(n=6), Control group(n=6), Hindlimb non-treatment group(n=6), Hindlimb treatment group(n=6). Experiments were seperately tried two times. The first trial was studied by the following two groups; The first was normal group(n=6). The second was group(n=18) for hindlimb suspension during 2 weeks (control I group). The second trial after 2 weeks hindlimb suspension was studied by the following three groups; The third group(n=6) was expired immediately after 2 week shindlimb suspension. The forth group(n=6) was given free activity during 2 weeks after 2 weeks hindlimb suspension. The fifth group(n=6) was administrated of KST during 2 weeks after 2 week shindlimb suspension. In order to investigate degree of muscle atrophy, body weight and gastrocnemius muscle mass were compared. To analyze muscle regeneration factors(expression of IGF-1, Myogenin, MyoD), Western blot was used. Results : The results were analyzed by statistical process as follows, 1. In body weight, all hindlimb suspension groups were lower than normal group, but tendency of increase was shown in KST group compared to non-treatment group after 2 weeks hindlimb suspension. 2. In gastrocnemius muscle mass, KST group on both side was significantly higher than non-treatment group after 2 weeks hindlimb suspension. 3. In case of IGF-I, Type Ⅰ of KST group was significantly increased than non-treatment group, but Type Ⅱ was not shown significance. 4. There was no significantly difference in Myogenin. 5. In MyoD, TypeⅠ of KST group was significantly increased than control group, and Type Ⅱ of KST group was significantly increased than non-treatment group. Conclusions : Insummary, this study demonstrates that KST administration has an effect to prevent muscle atrophy and contribute muscle regeneration and proliferation. And also it is suggested that IGF-Ⅰ and MyoD is major factors of myogenesis expression to KST adminstration after hindlimb suspension.

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effects of fermented Ephedra sinica (FMH) nano-extract compared Ephedra sinica (MH) on 3T3 L1 cell viability, lipid and glycometabolism, Obes rats' behavior and state-trait anxiety. Methods and materials : Each of 6 rats was divided into a normal diet, HFD, MH, and FMH. We fed a HFD group of rats a high fat diet and administered normal saline for 8 weeks. And we fed an experimental group of rats a high fat diet and administered an extract of Ephedra sinica and fermentated Ephedra sinica for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed to determine their chemical composition. Ephedra sinica and fermentated Ephedra sinica was examined in effects of 3T3 L1 cell viability, lipid and glycometabolism, rats' behavior and state-trait anxiety. Results : 1. Ephedra sinica and fermentated Ephedra sinica didn't induce cytotoxicity at 3L3 L1 cell. 2. Fermentated Ephedra sinicaby Lactococcus confusus inhibit PPAR-γ activation and promote TNF-α activation. 3. In MH and FMH group, the body weight and FER decrease occured significantly than in HFD group. 4. No side effect of Ephedra sinica appeared in FMH group, so fermentated Ephedra sinica have a capacity of anti-anxiety. 5. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and creatine of HFD+Ephedra sinica, HFD+LO group were decreased compared with that of HFD group. Decreasing rates of sample group was significant(p<0.05). 6. In both MH and FMH group serum HDL was increased(P>0.05). 7. In MH group only TG was decreased, but in FMH group total cholesterol, TG, and glucose were decreased(P>0.05). Conclusions : Fermentated Ephedra sinica by Lactococcus confusus was superior to Ephedra sinica in capacity of anti-obesity. Further fermentated Ephedra sinica have no Ephedra sinica's side effect.

Objective: This study was designed to examine the effects of stem bark extracts of Cornus walteri Wanger on the lipid lowering, anti-oxidative activity and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines were investigated in hyperlipidemic rat. Methods: Male rats weighing 195.21±5.85g fed high fat diet for 8 weeks and 40 rats(above 400g) were divided into 4 groups. Each of 10 rats was devided into a control group and experimental groups. We fed a control group of rats a basal diet and administered normal saline(100 ㎎/㎏, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. And we fed each experimental group of rats Basal diet and administered an extract of Cornus walteri Wanger(100 ㎎/㎏, 200 ㎎/㎏, 300 ㎎/㎏, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed to determine their chemical composition. We measured lipid of plasma and liver, concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, anti-oxidative activity and gene expression. Results: 1. Concentration of plasma FFA showed a tendency to decrease in Cornus walteri Wanger ext. groups. Concentration of plasma TG showed a significantly decrement in all Cornus walteri Wanger ext. group than that of control group. 2. Concentration of plasma total cholesterol showed a significantly decrement in all Cornus walteri Wanger ext. group than that of control group. Concentration of plasma LDL-cholesterol showed a tendence to decrease in Cornus walteri Wanger ext. groups. Concentration of plasma HDL-cholesterol showed a significantly increment in the 300㎎/㎏ Cornus walteri Wanger ext. group. 3. Concentration of liver total cholesterol showed a tendence to decrease in Cornus walteri Wanger ext. groups. Concentration of liver TG showed a significantly decrement in all Cornus walteri Wanger ext. group than that of control group. 4. Concentration of plasma and liver TBARS showed a tendence to decrease in Cornus walteri Wanger ext. groups. 5. The values of GSH-Px, SOD and CAT activity showed a significantly increment in the 300 ㎎/㎏ Cornus walteri Wanger ext. group than that of control group. 6. The values of plasma AST and ALT activity showed no significantly different in all treatment groups. 7. Concentration of plasma IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α showed a tendency to decrease in the Cornus walteri Wanger ext. groups. However the concentration of IL-10 in the 200 and 300 ㎎/㎏ Cornus walteri Wanger ext. groups showed a significantly increment than that of control group. 8. Concentration of liver IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 showed no significantly difference in among treatment groups. However concentration of IL-6 in the 200 and 300 ㎎/㎏ Cornus walteri Wanger ext. groups showed a significantly decrement than that of control group. 9. In the analysis of RT-PCR, gene expression of TNF-α, Apo-B, Apo-E and leptin in the Cornus walteri Wanger ext. groups showed a lower expression than that of control group. 10. The ratio of TNF-α, Apo-E and leptin expression per β-actin expression in the 200 and 300 ㎎/㎏ Cornus walteri Wanger ext. showed a significantly decrement than that of control group. The ratio of Apo-B expression per β-actin expression in the 300 ㎎/㎏ Cornus walteri Wanger ext. showed a significantly decrement than that of control group. Conclusions: According to above results, in lowering lipid effect, antioxidative activity and antiinflammatory effect, the Cornus walteri Wanger ext. gives positive effect.

Objectives : In order to investigate the effects of Gambibang-3(here in after referred to GBB3) on the obese gene and obese inhibitory, C57BL/6 mice were induced by high fat diet. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups(normal, high fat diet with control, high fat diet with Reductil(here in after referred to RDT), high fat diet with GBB3 extract) and fed for 8 weeks. And observed that, the weight change of the adipocytes in body and liver, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, leptin change in the serum, the expression of β3AR and leptin gene in 3T3 cell and primary adipocyte cell. Results & conclusions : The following results were obtained in this study. 1. GBB3 and RDT group showed that the revelation of β3AR in primary adipose cell and 3T3 cell were increased considerably, and that the revelation of leptin in primary adipose cell and 3T3 cell were decreased considerably. 2. GBB3 and RDT group showed that the weight of adipocyte and liver were not different with control group significantly. 3. GBB3 and RDT group showed that the amount of HDL-Cholesterol were increased considerably, the amount of glucose, LDL-Cholesterol and Triglyceride were decreased considerably. 4. GBB3 group showed that the amount of leptin in the serum were decreased considerably.

Objectives : Saengbal-eum-II(Shēngfà-yĭn-II) is a hair care product which is composed of ten plant extracts used in oriental medicine. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Saengbal-eum-II(Shēngfà-yĭn-II) on hair regrowth and cytokine changes in a shaving model of C57BL/6 mice. Materials and Methods : Five-week-old mice were acclimated for 1 week at a temperature between 21-23℃, 40-60% relative humidity, and 12h of a light/dark cycle before beginning of the experiment. There were three experimental groups including 50% ethanol (EtOH, control), a positive control of 3% Minoxidil, and 30% Saengbal-eum-II(Shēngfà-yĭn-II) in 50% ethanol in 18 female mice. The test compounds were topically treated once a day over 12 days. The hair regrowth was photographically and histologically determined during the experimental period of 12 days. Revelation of EGF, TGF-β1 and IL-6 in hair follicle were also determined using immunohistochemistry. In addition to that, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in skin tissue were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results : Hair regrowth in 3% Minoxidil and Saengbal-eum-II(Shēngfà-yĭn-II) groups was promoted earlier and faster than the control group. Concentrations of hairs and thick-hair ratio in 3% Minoxidil and Saengbal-eum-II(Shēngfà-yĭn-II) groups were promoted than the control group. EGF was moderately positive in hair follicle of 3% Minoxidil and Saengbal-eum-II(Shēngfà-yĭn-II) groups, but negative in the control group. TGF-β1 was not significantly difference between the groups. IL-6 in hair follicle of Saengbal-eum-II(Shēngfà-yĭn-II) group was negative, but weakly positive in 3% Minoxidil and control group. IL-6 and IL-1β in skin tissue were significantly decreased in Saengbal-eum-II(Shēngfà-yĭn-II) group, but there was not significantly decreased in 3% Minoxidil and control group. TNF-α in skin tissue was significantly decreased in 3% Minoxidil and Saengbal-eum-II(Shēngfà-yĭn-II) groups. Conclusions : These results suggest that Saengbal-eum-II(Shēngfà-yĭn-II) has hair growth promoting activity and it can be used for treatment of alopecia. And these effects relate to EGF revelation of hair follicle and a decrease IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in skin tissue.

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the foot pressure distribution correlates with the lumbo-sacral curvature, and the Oswestry Disability Index in chronic low back pain patients. Methods : We measured the fore foot pressure and the rare foot pressure using the foot analyzer in 28 women subjects with chronic low back pain. The lumbo-sacral curvature and the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) were also measured. Results : 1. Subjects with higher ODI(%) had significantly lower Fore foot pressure /Rare foot pressure ratio(F/R ratio) (p<0.01). 2. Lumbar lordotic angle and Ferguson angle were inversely related to ODI(%) (p<0.05, p<0.01). 3. Lumbar lordotic angle and Ferguson angle were positively related to F/R ratio (all p<0.05). Conclusions : Using the Foot Analyzer(FA-48S, Tech storm Inc.) we have shown that F/R ratio has significant correlation with the lumbo-sacral curvature and the Oswestry Disability Index. These result suggest that the Foot analyzer may be used in assessing back pain in chronic low back pain patients.

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical effects of heating-conduction acupuncture therapy on anterior talofibular ligament injury induced by acute ankle sprain. Methods : From October 31, 2008 to July 21, 2009, the 11 outpatients who had admitted to department of oriental rehabilitation medicine, Dae-Jeon oriental medicine hospital, Dae-Jeon university with acute ankle sprain were performed heating-conduction acupuncture therapy on anterior talofibular ligament injury. To evaluate the efficiency of heating-conduction acupuncture therapy, pain threshold with Pressure algometer and visual analogue scale(VAS) were applied before treatment and after 1st, 2nd treatment. Results : 1. The pain threshold score and the VAS score showed statistical significant improvement after 1st treatment. 2. The pain threshold score and the VAS score showed improvement but had no statistical significance after 2nd treatment. 3. The difference between left and right were not statistical significant in pain threshold score and VAS score. Conclusions : Heating-conduction acupuncture therapy has clinical effects of pain reduction on patient with anterior talofibular ligament injury induced by acute ankle sprain.

Objectives : Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic disease of the bone, and one of the most important public health problems around the world. Obesity rate gradually increases as women grow older. The purpose of the study was to investigate the changes between bond mineral density(BMD) and body mass index(BMI) according to sex and age. Methods : We measured the bone mineral density(BMD) of lumber spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck in 10000 normal adult, using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA; DPX-alpha). and also measured the body mass index(BMI) in 9810 normal adult. then we analysed the changes of BMD and BMI according to sex and age. Results : 1. As getting older, male's T-score of lumbar spine(L2-L4) was slowly decreased. On the other hand, female's T-score of lumbar spine was sharply dropped after 46 years old. 2. As getting older, male's T-score of femoral was slowly decreased. On the other hand, female's T-score of femoral was sharply dropped after 49 years old. 3. Irrespective of age, male's BMI keep up the extent within a definite period of numerical value. As getting older, female's BMI continued its upward trend. Conclusions : Much more attention should be needed for female patient suffering from osteoporosis and obesity than male.

Objectives : In the assessment of the lumbar spine by magnetic resonance imaging (hereinafter, "MRI"), changes in the paraspinal muscles are overlooked. The purpose of our study is to examine the correlation between the multifidus muscle atrophy on MRI findings and the clinical findings in low back pain (hereinafter, "LBP") patients. Methods : The retrospective study on 38 LBP patients, presenting either with or without associated leg pains, was undertaken. The MRI findings on the patients were visually analysed to find out a lumbar multifidus muscle atrophy, disc herniation, disc degeneration, spinal stenosis and nerve root compressions. The clinical history in each case was obtained from their case notes and pain drawing charts. Results : The lumbar multifidus muscle atrophy has occurred from more than 80% of the patients with LBP. Most of lumbar multifidus muscle atrophies have increased from lower level of lumbar spine. It was bilateral in the majority of the cases. In addition, multifidus muscle atrophy was correlated to the patient's age, disc degenerations and spinal stenosis. On the contrary, gender, the duration of LBP, referred leg pain, disc herniation and nerve root compressions had no relevance to multifidus muscle atrophies. Therefore, when assessing the MRIs of the lumbar spine, we should have more attetion on multifidus muscle, because it has lot's of information about spinal neuropathy problems. Conclusions : Therefore, the examination of multifidus muscle atrophies should be considered when assessing the MRIs of the lumbar spine. In addition, it helps to evaluate and plan the treatment modalities of LBP. Moreover, it prevents from LBP by discovering the importance between the multifidus muscle and the spine stabilization exercise.

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to report effectiveness of oriental medical treatments to symptoms and quality of life in the patients with herniated lumbar disc being suggested operation. Methods : Eighteen patients diagnosed with herniated lumbar disc by MRI in hospital were treated by oriental medical treatments. Symptoms of the patients were assessed by visual analogue scale(VAS) and SF-36. Results : After the treatments, the VAS of symptoms of herniated lumbar disc and the score of role-physical scale in SF-36 were improved but the other scores of scales were not significantly different. Conclusions : It could be suggested that oriental medical treatments were effective for the patients with herniated lumbar disc being suggested operation. Further study of the effect of oriental medical treatments on herniated lumbar disc is needed.

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effect of facial rejuvenation acupuncture on cases of sequela of facial nerve palsy. Methods : This study was carried out in respect of 5 cases of sequela of facial nerve palsy patients which had been treated in Dong-Shin university oriental hospital from 2009 year with House-Brackmann grading system(HBGS) above Grade Ⅳ. In this study the patients were treated by facial rejuvenation acupuncture. The effect of the treatment were evaluated via scales and picture. Results : After treatment with facial rejuvenation acupuncture, 5 patients improved H-B scale and symptoms of the sequela of facial nerve palsy. The average of H-B scale was increased from 3.2 to 6.4. There also formed forehead folds, better blinking of the eyes and improved asymmetry of the left and right face. Conclusions : In the study, facial rejuvenation acupuncture showed marked improvement in sequela of facial nerve palsy. Randomized-controlled trial for further evaluation will be needed in the future.

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of Chuna treatment (Saban-method technique) on acute lumbar sprain patients with limited range of motion(LOM). Methods : Three patients suffered from acute lumbar sprain with LOM, were treated with Chuna therapy(Saban-method technique), acupuncture, herbal medicine, physical therapy and measured by VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) and ODI(Oswestry Disability Index). Results : After Chuna treatment and oriental medical treatments, we found out a recovery from three patients suffering from acute low back pain with LOM. Conclusions : Through this study, we suggest that Chuna treatment(Saban-method technique) and oriental medical treatments was effective to cure acute lumbar sprain patient with LOM.

Objectives : We have evaluated the effects of conservative treatment on two patients who were diagnosed to lumbosacral radiculopathy. Methods : Two patients were diagnosed as lumbosacral radiculopathy through needle electromyoram. We used acupuncture therapy, Cox technique to the patients. We measured visual analog scale(VAS) and needle electromyogram before and after treatment. Results : After treating acupuncture therapy, Cox technique in the cases, We find out that the patients were improved, and changed of needle electromyogram result. Conclusions : These results suggest that Cox thechnique and acupuncture therapy were effective to lumbosacral radiculopathy and reduced the low back pain and the leg myasthenic.

Objectives : This study was performed to report the effect of oriental medical treatment in the paraplegia and pain after epidural nerve block. Methods : A 39-year-old woman who underwent epidural nerve block at a local clinic was admitted with motor weakness of lower limbs, severe lower radiating pain and decreased sensation when voiding and defecating. We treated her by acupuncture, a herbal medicine, a bee venom injection, moxibustion and cupping treatment and physical theraphy from 11th July 2008 to 14th October 2008. Results : After treatment, most symptoms decreased, VAS(Visual Analog Scale) score changed from 9 to 2. and examinated muscle power changed from 2-3 to 4-5. Conclusions : Our study suggested that oriental medical treatments are significantly effective in the paralplegia and pain after epidural nerve block. And further studies will be aid to identify underlying mechanism of treatment.

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report one case of spinal scoliosis patient with neglected congenital muscular torticollis treated by chuna manual therapy. Methods : The patient had been treated with chuna manual therapy. Full spine anteroposterior X-ray was taken to measure cobb's angle and cervico-mandibular angle before and after the period of treatment. Results : After treatment, the cobb's angle has been improved by 12°(31° to 19°) at thoracic level, by 7°(17° to 10°) at lumbar level. The cervico-mandibular angle has been improved by 5°(14° to 9°). Conclusions : Chuna manual therapy was effective for a scoliosis patient with neglected congenital muscular therapy.