Late adoption of honorifics and Panel survey data

Inoue Fumio

doi:http：//dx.doi.org/10.14817/jlak.2015.44.57

The Japanese Language Association of Korea

Abbr : JLAK
2015, (44), pp.57-70
DOI :http：//dx.doi.org/10.14817/jlak.2015.44.57
Publisher : The Japanese Language Association Of Korea
Research Area : Japanese Language and Literature

Inoue Fumio ¹

¹ 国立国語研究所　客員教授

ABSTRACT

This is a report on the results of the Okazaki Honorifics Surveys which the National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (NINJAL) implemented repeatedly over more than half a century in a city in Central Japan． Honorific expressions and politeness behaviors for asking and introducing matters were investigated through interviews, and whole utterances were transcribed． Not only random samples but also panel samples (that is, tracking the same person interviewed in a prior survey) were acquired． A new scattergram was drawn to arrange all the individual speakers of the repeated interviews by year (and month) of birth on one axis, and the numerical values of the sentence length (by characters) on another axis． New findings were made; for example, the following contradictory age pattern was observed． The scattergram showed that sentence length became longer in the second and the third surveys for the same individuals (real time change)． However, when age differences are compared within three surveys, younger speakers use shorter expressions and older speakers use longer expressions．When judged from this age difference (in apparent time), it would be expected that expressions become shorter in the later surveys as time passes． However, each time the survey was repeated, the age curve showed the same pattern, with shorter expressions among the young generation． It is different from ordinary linguistic change．More minute analyses have shown that the newer honorific expression of adding te-itadaku is increasing recently, but this is utilized more by older people． Also, hedges and fillers are in greater use recently, but more by older people． Discourse behavior and honorifics are acquired late in life． People acquire discourse behavior as a skill as they grow as a member of society． This extremely late adoption can only be ascertained through repeated surveys spreading over several decades as in this study．
KEYWORDS

Late adoption of honorifics , Okazaki Survey on Honorifics , Tsuruoka Survey of Standardization , Panel survey , Long-term studies
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