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[journal] Arbreton, A. J. A. / 1993 / When getting help is helpful:Developmental, cognitive, and motivational influences on students' academic help-seeking / Dissertation Abstract International 54 (03)

[book] Creswell, J. W. / 1998 / Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions / Sage Publications

[book] Creswell, J. W. / 2003 / Research design (2nd ed.) / Sage Publications

[book] Fetterman, D. M. / 1998 / Ethnography: Step by step (2nd ed.) / Sage Publications

[journal] Greenberg, R. C. / 2001 / Self-perceptions, classroom environment, and students' reported help-seeking behaviors / Dissertation Abstract International 62 (7)

[other] Hall, B. / What is ethnography? Retrieved January 5, 2004, from http://www.sas.upenn.edu/anthro/CPIA/METHODS/Ethnography.html

[book] Hine, C. / 2000 / Virtual ethnography / Sage Publications

[other] Johnson, R. B. / Answers to study questions. Retrieved January 5, 2004, from http://www.southalabama.edu/coe/bset/johnson/Ans_std_q/stq_ch11.htm

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[confproc] Karabenick, S. A. / 1987 / Computer conferencing: Its impact on academic help-seeking / Paper presented at the Second Symposium on Computer Conferencing and Allied Technologies, Guelph, Ontario, Canada : 1~4

[confproc] Karabenick, S. A. / 1988 / Varieties of Help Seeking as a Learning Strategy and the Role of Self-Esteem Threat / Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association, Atlanta, GA : 12~16

[book] Karabenick, S. A. / 2006 / Help seeking in academic setting: goals, groups, and contexts / Lawrence Erlbaum Associates

[journal] Knapp, J. R. / 1988 / Incidence of formal and informal academic help-seeking in higher education / Journal of College Student Development 29 (3) : 223~227

[book] Marshall, C. / 1999 / Designing qualitative research (3rd ed.) / Sage Publications

[book] Merriam, S. B. / 1998 / Qualitative research and case study applications in education (2nd ed.) / Jossey-Bass Publishers

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[journal] Nelson Le Gall, S. / 1981 / Help-seeking behavior: An understudied problem solving skill in children / Developmental Review 1 : 224~246

[book] Nelson Le Gall,S. / 1985 / Help-seeking behavior in learning in Review of Research in Education / American Educational Research Association : 55~90

[book] Nelson Le Gall, S. / 1983 / Instrumental help-seeking and everyday problem-solving:A developmental perspective in New directions in helping: Help-seeking / Academic Press

[journal] Nelson Le Gall, S. / 1991 / Classroom help seeking behavior of african american children / Education and Urban Society 24 (1) : 27~40

[confproc] Newman, R. S. / 1991 / Goals and self-regulated learning: What motivates children to seek academic help? / Advances in motivation and achievement: Goals and self-regulatory processes / JAI : 151~183

[journal] Newman, R.S. / 2002 / How self-regulated learners cope with academic difficulty: The role of adaptive help seeking / Theory into practice 41 (2) : 132~138

[confproc] Oberman, P. S. / 2000 / Academic help seeking and peer interactions of high school girls in computer science classes / Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA

[book] Olgren, C. H. / 1998 / Improving learning outcomes: The effects of learning strategies and motivation in Distance Learners in Higher Education / Atwood Publishing

[other] / Research methods glossary. (2000, May 2).?Project GOLD. Retrieved January 5, 2004, from http://www.bath.ac.uk/dacs/gold/glossary.html

[journal] Ross, J. A. / 1995 / Impact of explanation seeking on student achievement and attitudes / Journal of educational research 89 (2) : 109~117

[journal] Ryan, A. M. / 1998 / Why do some student avoid asking for help? an examination of the interplay among students' academic efficacy, teachers' social-emotional role, and the classroom goal structure / Journal of Educational Psychology 90 (3) : 528~535

[book] Shapiro, E.G / 1983 / Embarrassment and Help seeking in New Directions in Helping: Help-Seeking / Academic Press

[journal] Taplin, M. / 2001 / Help-seeking strategies used by high-achieving and low-achieving distance education students / Journal of distance education 16 (1) : 56~69