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The purpose of this study was to analyze the public of the social cooperative children's center and the obstacles to practice the publicity. The researcher conducted focus group and in-depth interviews with four childcare centers. The author also interviewed a government employee, an activist in『Co-care and Community Education』, and officials related to the social economic center. In order to examine the public meaning of child care in the social cooperative children's center, it was analyzed from the perspective of community infrastructure, participation, network, cooperation and reciprocity, and child rights. Research results as follows: first of all, the members of the social cooperative children's centers are actively involved in management and child care, and trust is formed through democratic decision making. Second, the social cooperative children's centers have loose links and aims for solidarity through a coalition. Third, the social cooperative children's centers provide time and nature friendly space for children and practice child care in terms of child-centered focus, which places importance on children's right to happiness. Fourth, the social cooperative children's centers are caring together, are interested in the village and contributes to th community. Finally, The value of cooperation and mutual benefit is realized through care and management together. In short, the social cooperative children's center is a model as a third party to practice the public interest in childcare. In order to expand the publicity in childcare, the members need an expanded discussion and practice, and legal and institutional improvement are needed.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the policy on migrant work in Japan’s long-term care system. To do this, I investigate how migrant work has been allowed in Japan’s long-term care system and how migrant care workers are working in Japan’s long-term care system. Introducing the EPA(Economic Partnership Agreements) care worker program in 2008, Japan began to accept migrant workers. Since then, Japan has expanded its migrant work policy in the long-term care system introducing the "care worker visa" in 2017 and the "new worker visa" in 2019. The current policy on migrant work in Japan’s long-term care system has two schemes, and they are the EPA care worker program and care worker visa scheme. Under the current system, migrant work is found mainly in the care facility services. The migrant workers should hold the qualification of the certified care worker(kaigofukushishi) and receive equal treatment to Japanese care workers in terms of the wage and the working condition. Although the share of migrant workers in Japan’s long-term care system is too small to improve the labor shortage in long-term care, the policy has been designed to have a lower possibility of degrading the service quality and worsening the working conditions in long-term care labor market. Japan’s experience on the policy on migrant work in the long-term care system gives implications for South Korea’s long-term care system. The policy on migrant work in elderly care should not simply focus on solving the labor shortage problem and consider all the relevant aspects including the service quality, the labor market for elderly care, and migrant workers’ rights.

This paper aims to examine the difference of cultural participation among the cultural disadvantaged groups and analyze the effect of the integrated cultural voucher program. Although the policy definition of the cultural disadvantaged group is changing comprehensively, more than 70% of the budget for cultural welfare is used for the integrated cultural voucher program that give a voucher to the economically disadvantaged people. Furthermore, the existing discussion on the cultural disadvantaged group focused on identifying the gaps caused by disadvantaged factors, and there were no discussions on the case of overlapping. Therefore, this paper analyzed the differences in participation rate, diversity, and frequency between the groups. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, disadvantage for older was the biggest obstacle to cultural participation. Second, more cultural disadvantage factors were overlapped, the lower the level of cultural participation was. Lastly, the integrated cultural voucher program has affected only economically disadvantaged group, not double-disadvantaged groups. This paper suggest that future policy design requires consideration of the elderly and double-disadvantaged groups.

The study aims to compare with the mid-term or long-term old-age income levels between generations in Korea by using hypothetical risk biographies' method when the occupational pension becomes mandatory. The results as follows. First, no biographies will receive old-age income beyond relative poverty line when they receive the National Pension(NPS) only. However, when the occupational pension becomes mandatory, the future old-age income in Korea will increase significantly with offsetting the effect on reduction in income replacement ratio in the NPS, which will be not less than those of the Western countries. Second, the effect that increases in income replacement ratio in the NPS by 5% will be insignificant in nearly all biographies. Third, the bigger the proportion of the occupational pension is, the larger pension gaps between income levels and between genders will be. Therefore, in order to achieve adequate old-age income security it is necessary to strengthen the roles of occupational pension throughout its compulsion and, other remedial actions in the NPS for vulnerable social groups such as women and low-income earners should be accompanied.

no small self-sufficiency enterprises were layered another social economy organization certification although they were social economy organization in itself. This study comparatively analyzed the characteristics according to types of self-sufficiency enterprises as social economy organizations. This study comparatively analyzed the characteristics of self-sufficiency enterprises after dividing them into single-type SEO(social economy organization) that were certified for only self-sufficiency enterprise and plural-type SEO that were certified for another SEO such as social enterprise, cooperative, and community-based enterprises. This study used census of self-sufficiency enterprises in 2016 and data of the Self-sufficiency Enterprises Information System in 2015. The key results follows, Firstly, 1,367 cases (77.2%) among 1,760 cases were certified for another SEO in addition. Secondly, some self-sufficiency enterprises were additionally certified more than two or three for SEOs. Lastly, the plural-type SEOs showed rich performance in job creation, participation rate of women and vulnerable people and sales more than single-type SEOs.

The purpose of this article is to analyze how effectively the Korean welfare state alleviates subjective poverty felt by citizens. This paper defines subjective poverty as the situation in which household income falls short of the subjective minimum or proper cost of living for citizens themselves. Using the sample of householders in the 11th data of the Korea Welfare Panel Study(2016), this article analyzed the effectiveness of redistribution efforts to alleviate subjective poverty by utilizing the Latent Class Analysis. As a result, the Korean welfare state was playing a fairly effective role in alleviating subjective poverty based on minimum cost of living. However, it has not made much progress in alleviating subjective poverty based on proper living expenses. At the same time, feelings for redistribution efforts differed depending on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Based on the above findings, this article put forward policy suggestions.

In this study, we identified the different consumption needs of the elderly and the working-age households. Then, we estimated the appropriate policy poverty lines for elderly and working-age households using 2016 Household Trends Data. The main results are as follows. The consumption expenditure of old households is lower than that of working-age households after controlling for income and household size. This is a consistent trend regardless of income level; Income levels that are out of the difficulty of subsistence for older households range from 430,000 won to 520,000 won according to the estimation methods.; Income levels that are out of the difficulty of living for working-age households range from 850,000 won to 1.02 million won; The appropriate policy poverty line for elderly households is considerably lower than the '50% of median income' criterion when considering their consumption needs.