A study on Chinese female images in Hangul Yeonhaengrok(燕行錄)

Wen Lihua

doi:10.20516/classic.2020.51.93

Yeonhaengrok is a travel journal written by envoys who travelled to China during the Joseon dynasty. It records the natural scenery, culture, and daily life experienced during the visit. It is a valuable cultural heritage document that shows the history, politics, social culture, and diplomatic relations between China and Korea. It can be divided into Chinese and Hangul; most related studies have been conducted on the Chinese version. This study examines the changes in Chinese women and in the way Joseon envoys view women in the earliest of the 14 types of the original Hangul that have been unearthed so far, including Jo- cheonilrseng(朝天日乘), Yeonhaengilrki(연일긔), Eul-Byeong-Yeonhaengrok (을병연녹), Muo-yeon-hangrok(무오연녹), Bukyeongihaeng(븍연긔), and Yeonhaeng-rok(연녹). Given that the author were familiar with Chinese ideology and the patriarchal system, their view of Chinese women will be an indicator reflecting change among the Joseon literati and in the official consciousness of the Ming and Qing dynasties. The Chinese female images in Yeonsailrok reflect the specific images and existing ideas in the authors’ eyes. They had a special interest in Chinese women’s clothing and attire, separating Chinese women into two categories, namely the “woman of Han(漢女)” and the “woman of Hu(胡女)” and generally expressing affirmation toward them. This shows that the authors took pride in inheriting the tradition of the Ming dynasty and expressed a sense of Sojunghwa(小中華). The main readers of Hangul Yeonhaengrok are Korean women, and they build knowledge on China and form images of Chinese women. Thus, the images of the “woman of Han” and the “woman of Hu” in Hangul can be seen as a device to attract female readers and strengthen women’s virtues.

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