KJC Korea
Journal Central

Objective : The purpose of this study was a comparison of effects on repetitive singular exercise using RECK MOTOmed viva2 and task oriented exercise on upper extremity function in patients with stroke. Methods : The subject were hospitalized in A Medical Center from March to September in 2010 for rehabilitation. 46 patients who were diagnosed with stroke and included in selection criteria were divided into two groups: 23 patients involved in repetitive singular exercise group, 23 patients involved in task oriented exercise group. The traditional occupational therapies with repetitive singular exercise or task oriented exercise were given five times a week for three weeks. An assessment of their upper extremity function was made using a Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA) and Manual Function Test(MFT). Results : The improvement of upper extremity function of repetitive singular exercise group was 21.22± 12.35 to 25.26±11.88 in FMA, and 21.22±12.35 to 25.26±11.88 in MFT(p<.05). The improvement of upper extremity function of task oriented exercise group was 22.22±12.48 to 26.39±10.84 in FMA, and 33.52±21.83 to 42.22±21.67 in MFT(p<.05). Conclusion : There are no significantly difference between repetitive singular exercise group and task oriented exercise group. Also, both the repetitive singular exercise and the task oriented exercise lead improvement of general upper extremity function rather than specific function as gross motor and fine motor function.

Objective : The purpose of this study was to find out effects that a action observation training has purposeful activity task related to upper extremity motor function of a chronic stroke patient. Methods : 13 chronic stroke patients were randomly selected into an experimental group and a control group. An experimental group observed performance actions of purposeful activity task through a video and imitated actions repeatedly, and a control group conducted the traditional occupational therapy. Training was performed 3 times a week and 30 minutes for each round for 3 weeks. The Wolf motor function test and Grip strength test and Prehension test were performed for an upper extremity motor function evaluation. Results : After the training, an upper extremity motor function of the target showed significant difference between two groups and especially an experimental group showed significant improvement. grip strength and lateral pinch of an experimental group showed significant improvement after the training (p<.05). Conclusion : Action observation through a video lead a positive effect of recovering an upper extremity motor function than a traditional occupational therapy approach of practicing the same action intensively and repeatedly. Therefore, this study suggests a action observation training as one strategy of an intervention type of the occupational therapy.

Objective : The purpose of this study is to assess effects of task-oriented training on upper extremity during functional electrical stimulation, and to confirm a causal relationship among the factors in stroke patients. Methods : Thirty-nine hemiplegia with stroke participated in this study. Experimental group conducted taskoriented training during functional electrical stimulation for fifteen patients. Control groupⅠ conducted functional electrical stimulation for thirteen patients and Control groupⅡ conducted task-oriented training on non-sounded upper extremity for eleven patients. Mean differences among the groups were analyzed by One-way ANOVA in six weeks. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the factors effect function of upper extremity. Results : Hand muscle strength, hand function, motor activity log were compared in three groups, the experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement(p<0.05). These factors were highly correlated with each other. In particular, Hand strength and MAL, interventions were 37% of the variance for upper extremity functional recovery. QOM of MAL test and task-oriented training interventions during functional electrical stimulation in upper extremity function were the most influential variables. Conclusion : The experimental group that conducted task-oriented training during functional electrical stimulation showed positive effects more than the those of control groupⅠ & Ⅱ. Voluntary and repetitive training during functional electrical stimulation will be clinically useful in the field of occupational therapy.

Objective : CPAD (Cognitive Perceptual Assessment for Driving) is a computer-based evaluation tool developed to test cognitive-perceptual skills necessary for driving. The objective of this study is to evaluate driving ability of persons with brain injury using CPAD and analyze associated factors. Methods : 187 brain damaged persons who were referred for driver evaluation underwent clinical evaluation including CPAD. Data were collected and analyzed on the 182 out of the 187 whose CPAD test was finished. Results : Among 187 participants, 34.8% passed CPAD test, 21.9% failed, 40.6% got borderline score, and 2.7% could not finish the test. Failed participants were significantly older in age than either borderline or passed participants. Those who had poor motor recovery showed significantly lower pass rate(22.1%) and higher fail rate(28.4%) than those with better motor recovery (pass 50.7%, fail 11.3%). Conclusion : Driver evaluation using CPAD could determine whether brain damaged persons’cognitiveperceptual skill is sufficient for driving or not. However, there needed further evaluation and research which could find out safe driving ability.

Objective : The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical effectiveness of nonpharmacological treatment programs for alcohol addiction on quality of life, psychosocial functionality, and a reduction of alcohol consumption through a meta-analysis. Search strategy : Data were collected from online search engines using search words from domestic and foreign article databases, and from a manual search from related journals. Selection criteria : The study employed Level I Randomized Control Trial (RCT) nonpharmacological treatment programs for alcohol addiction from 1990 to May 2011, and selected articles that utilized standardized assessment instruments to measure the relevant dependent variables. Data collection and analysis : Two researchers carried out the literature selection independently and reached an agreement through a discussion when in disagreement. The effective size with the standardized mean difference, a heterogeneity test, a sensitivity test, and a publication bias test upon the selected articles was determined using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 2.0 program. Results : There were a total of 6,726 participants in the 9 selected articles. The effective sizes for quality of life, psychosocial functionality, and alcohol consumption were 0.24, 0.35, and 0.31 respectively. The effective size of psychosocial functionality and alcohol consumption was statistically significant (p <.001), which demonstrates a “small effect size”. This result is reliable, as significant statistical heterogeneity and publications bias were not found. Conclusion : Nonpharmacological treatment programs for alcohol addiction proved to be effective for psychosocial functionality and alcohol consumption. This can be utilized effectively in evidence-based occupational therapy for individuals with alcohol addiction by occupational therapists in the mental health field

Objective : The purpose of the present study is to investigate the correlation between the obsessivecompulsive symptom and sensory processing of normal adult. Methods : From November to December in 2010, mentally healthy 326 university(college) students were invited to complete tests for obsessive-compulsive symptom and sensory processing feature. For the present study, Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory(MOCI) and Adolescents/Adults Sensory Profile(AASP) as a measure of Dunn’s were used. Results : Depend on the existence of the obsessive-compulsive symptom, statistically different sensory processing features were presented. The group of obsessive-compulsive symptom had higher score on low registration, sensory sensitivity and sensory avoiding than the normal group. The result indicated the positive correlation between obsessive-compulsive symptom and sensory processing features(r=.456∼.521,p<.05). In both groups with and without obsessive-compulsive symptom, as obsessive-compulsive symptom increased, the presented sensory processing features of low registration, sensory sensitivity and sensory avoiding were increased. The group of obsessive-compulsive symptom had the feature of low registration, sensory sensitivity and sensory avoiding. Conclusions : In the present study, Adult’s obsessive-compulsive symptom accompanied the sensory processing problem as sensory sensitivity. Thus, The measure and intervention program development for sensory processing problem are needed for obsessive-compulsive symptom.

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine (1) the general characteristics and factors related to choosing occupational therapy as their academic major in a nationwide sample of college students and (2) ifferences in major selection factors, interested area of occupational therapy, and preferences in career field across main student characteristics such as gender and year in college, in addition to anxiety related to the national licensure examination and career confidence level. Methods : A survey was provided to 4,500 students from nine 4-year colleges and ten 3-year colleges. A total of 1,329 surveys were analyzed in the final analysis. Results : A total of 831(62.5%) students responded that they had considered other majors before choosing occupational therapy, 588(44.2%) contemplated changing their major after entering college. 675(50.8%) chose occupational therapy major secondary to recommendation from others, and 654(49.2%) self-selected the major. Most of the recommendations were found to be made by parents and teachers, and the primary reasons for such recommendations were related to the high employment potential and the prospect of working as a professional specialist. Among students who picked their major on their own, 419(64.0%) students obtained information through the internet. Respondents’current and 10-year post-graduation preferred area of employment to work in a medical setting as an occupational therapist. The students’current level of anxiety pertaining to the licensure examination was found to be 3.5 on a 5-point scale, with male students showing a higher anxiety level. It was also found that the current degree of confidence regarding their career had decreased since entering college. Freshmen undergraduates reported the lowest career confidence level, with their confidence increasing with year in college. Conclusions : The results of the present study indicate potential ways in which departments in occupational therapy may promote their academic majors, in addition to contributing to our knowledge regarding ways to provide better academic as well as career counseling and guidance to students in occupational therapy.

Objective : The purpose of this study was to devise a checklist version of Korean version of Modified Barthel Index(K-MBI) and compare its reliability with the K-MBI. Methods : The subjects were 30 brain injury patients. We subdivided each subitem of the original K-MBI and created a checklist (so-called K-MBI checklist). We divided it into 2 groups: a newly developed K-MBI checklist, and the original K-MBI, with two randomly assigned occupational therapists for each group. The collected data were analyzed to ascertain the inter-rater reliability through an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the total test score and Kappa statistics for the subitems of the test. Results : The inter-rater reliability of the total test score was significantly high in both the K-MBI checklist group (ICC=.981) and the original K-MBI group (ICC= .973)(p<.001). For the internal constancy in the subitems of the test, both groups showed excellent reliability in four items. The mean Kappa value was higher in the K-MBI checklist group (.725) than in the original K-MBI group (.699). Conclusions : Both the newly developed K-MBI checklist and original K-MBI showed high consistency in their total scores. In the subitems, the newly developed K-MBI checklist provided higher consistency than the original K-MBI except for dressing subitems. Meanwhile, the K-MBI showed low consistency in personal hygiene and ambulation subitems.

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the reliability and validity of Clock Drawing Test(CDT) with elderly people living in community. Methods : Five evaluator assessed 54 elderly clients with CDT and Korean Verson of Mini Mental Screening Examination(MMSE-K) from October 11th to December 12th, 2010. The researcher analyzed inter-rater reliability, correlation between raters of CDT with Intraclass correlation coefficients, concurrent validity, CDT and MMSE-K with Pearson correlation coefficient, and discriminative validity, comparison mean scores of CDT between groups, more than MMSE-K score 23 and less with Independent sample t-test. Results : The score of CDT decreased according to aging and increased according to education year. But, the correlation coefficients was low. The inter-rater reliability and content validity was statistically significant(p<.01). Also, the construct validity was statistically significant(p<.01)Conclusion : The CDT can be applied to screen cognitive function of elderly people clinically as an alternative to MMSE-K.

Objective : This study was to execute systemic translation and estimate the reliability of translated Korean version of Cognitive Failures Questionnaire(CFQ), an instrument to assess cognitive dysfunction using the frequency of minor everyday error. Methods : The translation procedure was total 5 steps. First, an occupational therapist translated 25 items of self-version CFQ from English into Korean, and the language compatibility for Korean-translated items was assessed in the verification committee. Thirdly, the understanding of translated questionnaire was investigated to nine patients with cognitive impairments, and then low scored items were corrected in committee. Then a translation expert practiced a back-translating, and two native speakers assessed the language compatibility and similarities of interpretation. The final translated uestionnaire was examined to 15 patients with cognitive impairment for determining test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Results : Eleven items were corrected in Korean-translations qualification process, and almost of items in translated questionnaire were understood well in patients with cognitive impairment. Also, 3 items were corrected in back-translation verification. The final translated questionnaire showed high test-retest reliability(ICC=.807) and internal consistency(Cronbach α=.878). Conclusion : This study improved the compatibility and understanding of questionnaire through a systemic translation. Furthermore, this study layed the groundwork for extensively using to people with brain injury experienced cognitive dysfunction through the reliability evaluation.

Objective : Through an analysis of key words in English appearing in the Journal of the Korean society of occupational therapy, this study aimed at improving the understanding and utilization of MeSH terminology by examining how much the key words coincide with the MeSH terminology and how different the frequent key words in English are as compared with the MeSH terminology. Methods : The subjects of this study were 1,225 key words in English from 346 articles from the inaugural issue of the Journal of the Korean Society of Occupational Therapy, Volume 1, No. 1 in 1993 through Volume 18, No. 4 in 2010. This study analyzed how much the key words in English coincide with the MeSH terminology. The degree of coincidence was classified to complete the coincidence, partial coincidence (entry term, singular and plural errors, front and back coincidence, use of abbreviations), and discord. Results : Complete coincidence between key words in English and the MeSH terminology was 20.8%; partial coincidence, 30.8%; and discord, 48.4%. The MeSH terminology used most among the key words in English were‘ Stroke’,‘ Occupational therapy’, and‘ Cerebral palsy’in the order of frequency. The most used entry terms, which are a form of partial coincidence, were‘ Dysphagia’and‘ Assistive technology’. The most used key words in English in discord with the MeSH terminology were‘ Occupational therapist’,‘ Hand function’, and‘ Unilateral neglect’. Conclusion : Using MeSH terminology when selecting key words in English is recommended such that the Journal of the Korean Society of Occupational Therapy can be searched from the well-known MEDLINE, and papers can be systematically reviewed focused on grounds. (Note from editor,“ focused on grounds”is not clear to me. Please check it carefully.) Accordingly, this recommendation should be included in uniform manuscript requirements so that authors can select key words in English from the MeSH terminology. Through further study, it will be necessary to publish a book of key words for the terminology of occupational therapy based on MeSH terminology.