KJC Korea
Journal Central

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an oral sensory stimulation home program on tooth-brushing of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD). Methods : A single-subject ABA research design was employed for three children with ASD. The procedure consisted of a total of 15 sessions, including 4 during baseline period(A1), 8 during the intervention period (B), and 3 during the baseline regression period(A2). For the independent variable oral sensory stimulation home program was provided for children 2 or 3 times a day during the intervention period. For the dependent variables on tooth-brushing performance were rejection behavior and allocated time. Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and oral sensory sensitivity in Sensory profile were measured before and the intervention, as well as after the baseline regression period. The result were presented using visual graph and bar graphs. Results : All children decrease rejection behaviors and increased allocated time on tooth-brushing. The parents reported increased performance and satisfaction on COPM for the tooth-brushing of their children. The oral sensory sensitivity decrease for all children in intervention period and the improvement in oral activity performance can be maintained after the intervention. Conclusion : This study result supports evidence that the oral sensory home program is beneficial in improving tooth-brushing performance in children with ASD with oral defensiveness.

Objective : This study was to determine the effect of Robot-assisted Upper limb Training in patients with acute stroke. Methods : Fourteen inpatients were randomly allocated into the experimental group (n=7), who received Robot-assisted Upper limb Training, and the control group (n=7), who received a conventional occupational therapy. Each intervention consisted of a 30 min session once a day, five times a week, for four weeks. To measure the functions of the upper limbs and performance capacities in the activities of daily living and grip power, the Fugl-Meyer assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Manual Function Test (MFT), Korean-Modified Barthel index (K-MBI), Grip power were used before and after the intervention. Results : After intervention, both the groups showed significant increased FMA-UE, MFT, K-MBI, Grip power (p<.05). But change values in terms of FMA-UE, MFT, K-MBI, Grip power exhibited a no statistically significant difference compared with conventional group (p＞.05). Conclusion : In patients with upper limb deficits after acute stroke, the Robot-assisted upper limb training was an effective intervention method to facilitate motor and functional recovery of upper limb. Therefore, robot-assisted upper extremity training can be used as an intervention method to support standardized treatment using stable equipment from the beginning of the upper extremity rehabilitation of stroke patients.

Objective : In this study, an integrated manual that integrates various processes of current assistive technology service along with assistive product information was developed. The purpose of developing integrated manual was to help understand and use easier for people related to the assistive technology service from an advocacy intervention perspective. Methods : Data were collected from 11 regional assistive technology centers and 4 administrations of Korea by visiting, telephoning and referencing webpage. From these institutions, assistive technology service manual, service procedure, and related laws and ordinances were collected. These collected data were then reviewed, classified and finally developed integrated rehabilitation assistive technology service manual that consists of assistive technology service flowchart and assistive technology product information. Results : Developed flowchart was firstly classified into the regional assistive technology centers and governmental administrations and providing the service procedures and product information, respectively. An integrated flowchart was finally developed by providing assistive technology service procedure and product information according to the providing agencies and users' personal characteristics. Conclusion : Developed rehabilitation assistive technology service manual can save time and expenses of assistive technology users and providers. It is expected that people who need assistive technology service can have an independent advocates in occupational therapy perspective.

Objective : The aim of this systematic review was to examine the intervention on executive function in children and adolescent with Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD) and to provide evidence regarding occupational therapy. Methods : Studies for this review were collected by searching the MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane Library database for articles from January 2006 to December 2016, using the following key word: "Autism or ASD AND Executive function AND Intervention or therapy or approach or treatment or training”A total of 21 studies were included in the analysis. Results : The results indicated the level of quality, participant characteristics, the type of intervention, component of executive functions used as dependent variable, another dependent variable, and measurement. The articles reviewed eight Level 1 evidence articles(38.1%) and 19 studies were conducted on high-functioning children with ASD. Applied behavior analysis, cognitive-behavioral intervention, complementary and alternative medicine were the most commonly applied interventions. The component of executive function used as a dependent variable was the most cognitive flexibility. The other variables were social skills and behavioral problems, and the measurement tools for each area varied widely. A typical tool were stroop test, digit span, TMT, TOL, BRIEF. Conclusion : Through this systematic review, we were able to find and understand the trend of intervention on executive function in children and adolescent with ASD. As the executive function defect is a major feature of ASD, various researches related to the evaluation tool and intervention should be actively carried out in the occupational therapy field with an interest in the executive function.

Objective : The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature examining time use in healthy elderly and to provide evidence to aid the elderly to find the meaning of their lives. Methods : Using research databases(Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, KISS, NDSL, KMbase, RISS), the main keyword search terms were “elderly” OR “older adult” OR “senior” AND “time use” OR “use of time” OR “time allocation” OR “time usage” OR “time management”. We have collected a data from January 2001 to December 2016. Results : The study showed that domains of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and leisure were the most used to assess the time use of healthy elderly. Also, the elderly in Korea had less time for the leisure and spent more time on unpaid works than the elderly in other countries. Conclusion : Elderly spent their time at home and did static activity, so occupational therapists need to provide them with a variety of physical activity programs and opportunities for social participation. This study could be useful evidence to occupational therapists to understand time use in healthy elderly because we analyzed data after categorizing in occupation domains which are a concept used in the field of occupational therapy.

Objective : This paper was proposed to investigate the understanding and the role of occupational therapists regarding the act of long-term care insurance for the aged amended in 2014 and to provide evidence in which improving the level of awareness of occupational therapists on the system. Methods : A nationwide survey was conducted from December 25th, 2015 to April 15th, 2016. A total 237 therapists responded and frequency analysis was completed. Results : Relatively higher awareness was found in male occupational therapists, those aged 32 or older, and people living in capital region. Also, higher awareness was seen in responders who are a graduate student or who work in welfare centers or research institutes. In terms of providing cognitive activity programmes, many responders agreed the provision of the programs and assistive devices should be their prioritized role. 87 responders (36.7%) chose the introduction of professional certificate as a means to improve the awareness of occupational therapists regarding the system. Conclusion : The results of this study can be served as basic data regarding the interests and the role of occupational therapists within the amended act. Also, it is expected to be a help to raise awareness of occupational therapists that enables enhanced occupational therapy.

Objective : This study aimed to develop a Korean version of Community Participation Indicators (K-CPI), an evaluation tool to measure objectively and subjectively the community participation of the disabled, and to verify its reliability. Methods : The Korean version Community Participation Indicators (CPI) was adapted from the CPI, and its reliability was verified. Following translation, preliminary tests were conducted to confirm understanding of the questionnaires via translation, back translation, and review by the Professional Review Committee. The final draft was confirmed through translation suitability surveys of professionals. Results : Test-retest reliability of the completed K-CPI was investigated in 20 individuals without disabilities, resulting in high reliability (.763~.901). Internal consistency of enfranchisement questionnaires was evaluated in 410 people with disabilities and manifested a high level of .949. Conclusion : This study aimed to complete a Korean version CPI through the adaptation of the CPI as a useful evaluation tool that measured objective and subjective aspects of participation in those with disabilities and to verify its reliability. Based on this study, the K-CPI is expected to be employed in clinical trials as a tool measuring participation.

Objective : This study aims to develop and evaluate a Two-Hand Coordination Skills Kit that is reliable, feasible and useful in measuring the user's ability to coordinate movement of visual field and use of both hands. Methods : A prototype Two-Hand Coordination Skills Kit was developed first; consequently, a modification and improvement process was performed to refine the final version of the kit by adapting expert opinions. To validate the reliability and validity of the developed kit, 108 college students and 35 elderly people, over 65 years old, participated. Test-retest and content validity were conducted as well as the Two-Arm Coordination Test(Model #32532) developed by Lafayette Instrument to compare with the developed kit in this study for evaluating criterion-referenced validity. Results : The coefficient of correlation for performance time and error count between test-retest showed .979 and .991, respectively, which implies a strong and positive relationship between these two variables. With regards to criterion-reference validity, the results of comparison between Two-Arm Coordination Test and the developed kit revealed statistical significance in most variables except gender. Conclusion : The results of this study confirmed that reliability and validity of the developed kit were high, therefore it is expected that the developed kit can serve as a useful assessment tool. Further examination is recommended to test the validity of its role as a training tool.

Objective : The aim of this study was to confirm the content validity and clinical utility of Executive Function Performance Test Korean translation which evaluates the executive function of people with stroke based on their performance in daily tasks. Methods : To verify the content validity of the appropriateness of modified Executive Function Performance Test (EFPT) tasks, twenty-seven experts had answered the survey and for the appropriateness of each items of modified tasks, twenty-four experts answered the survey. Answers were analyzed using analysis of frequency and descriptive statistics, and content validity was verified by calculating the Content Validity Index(CVI). We surveyed a group of stroke rehabilitation experts consisting of twenty-nine people on clinical utility of the Executive Function Performance Test Korean translation. Results : The content validity of each tasks showed mean CVI of .67 indicating overall valid but the content validities were quite different from each other ranging from .58 to .75. The clinical utilities of each item were from 2.69 to 4.03 and answers of ‘normal’, ‘agree’, or ‘strongly agree’ hold from 44.8 to 100 percents of the answers showing favorable results. Conclusion : The Executive Function Performance Test (Korean translated version) is a useful tool to closely evaluate one’s executive functions, and verify the type of help needed. The content validity can be determined through a group of experts based on the Executive Function Performance Test (Korean translated version) conducted in the clinical field, and related education and studies should continue.