KJC Korea
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Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of 3D printing technology to the upper limb production through a systematic review and to summarize and analyze the necessary information to provide basic basis for future clinical application in the field of occupational therapy. Methods: For the last five years from 2013 to 2017, the articles were searched using electronic databases RISS, KISS, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar. As a search keyword, "3D Printing AND Orthosis OR Splint OR Brace" was used. The searched article were classified through the second classification and finally 16 article were selected and analyzedResults: About 80% of the article to be analyzed were single-target experimental studies and case studies with lower quality. As a result of analyzing the producers major, it was divided into four major categories. Among them, the engineering department was the most, followed by the health department. Six types of upper splint were manufactured. Cock-up splint and finger splint were made the most. ABS was the most commonly used plastic material. There are four manufacturing methods used in the analyzed article, and the most used manufacturing method is the FDM method. As a method of measurement, 3D scanners were the most popular method to manufactured upper splint. Conclusion: In this study, we learned how to make upper splint using 3D printing technology. Based on this, I would like to provide basic data for applying 3D printing technology to manufactured the upper splint which is one of the occupational therapist's job scope. I would like to present a direction for future research. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that the development and research of upper splint applying 3D printing technology in occupational therapy field will be more active.

Objective:This study investigated whether a performance-basic executive function group program improved the executive function of preschool children with cerebral palsy. Methods:Seventeen 6-year-old preschool children with cerebral palsy participated in the study. The study used a pretest-posttest control group design in which the treatment group was provided with a group intervention program consisting of art activities for the performance executive function and of game activities for the basic executive function. Before and after the intervention, the performance executive function was measured with the AMPS(assessment of motor and process skills), and the basic executive function was measured with the sun and moon task, the eight boxes task, and Children’s Color Trails Test-2(CCTT-2). The control group on the waiting list received only pretest-posttest executive function assessments. Results:The treatment group showed higher posttest than pretest scores in the AMPS process skills, the sun and moon task, the eight boxes task, and the CCTT-2. The control group showed higher posttest scores in the AMPS and CCTT-2. The treatment group showed significantly more improved executive function scores than the control group. Conclusion:This study demonstrated that a performance-basic executive function group program improved the executive function of preschool children with cerebral palsy.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between job characteristics and subjective health status of elderly workers over 65 years of age with leisure activities. Methods: This study, the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey(KWCS) by the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute(OSHRI) was analyzed. A total of 7,076 elderly workers' data were analyzed and crossover analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed. Results: It was found that the elderly workers participating in leisure activities had a significant difference in demographic characteristics, job characteristics, and health compared to the elderly workers who did not participate in leisure activities. In the relationship with musculoskeletal diseases, the elderly participating in leisure had a significant effect on job satisfaction, gender, education level, and occupation order. The explanatory power of the variables was 19.6%. The elderly who did not participate in leisure had a significant effect on musculoskeletal diseases in order of gender, education level, job satisfaction, employment type and weekly working hours. The explanatory power of these variables was 14.5%. Conclusion: Based on the results, it will be necessary to consider the variables such as participation in economic activity and job characteristics when occupational areas and components of the elderly in the future occupational therapy field and providing a health promotion program for successful aging.

Objective: This study intends to understand the impact of the quality of sleep and level of depression of stroke patients on their quality of life. Methods: A survey was conducted with 155 stroke patients hospitalized or visiting as outpatients in the rehabilitation hospitals located in Daejeon. General characteristics were identified through percentage and frequency analysis, and the average scores for the quality of sleep, depression level, and quality of life were confirmed through descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance. The respondents were classified into depressed and non-depressed groups and sleep disorder group and non-sleep disorder groups, and an independent t-test was conducted. The correlation of unobserved variables with quality of life was analyzed, and the causality of factors influencing quality of life was analyzed through regression analysis. Results: Causality among the quality of sleep, level of depression, and quality of life was confirmed, and, as a result of hierarchical multiple regression analysis to confirm the causality between variables, a significant explanatory power was shown between gender and patterns-of-care (R²=.15) in Model 1; patterns-of-care and level of depression (R²=.33) in Model 2; and gender, level of depression, loss of sleep, and quality of sleep (R²=.37) in Model 3. Conclusion: Correlation and causality among factors was confirmed by surveying and analyzing the quality of sleep, level of depression, and quality of life of stroke patients, and the future direction for occupational therapy for the improvement of quality of life could be understood.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to make a large amount of informations intelligible regarding AT service system of four different countries. Results: AT specialist fostered is approximately 4,100 for US, 1,000 for Japan, and 1,200 for Korea. In case of Australia, several health-care professionals including about 19,000 occupational therapists are authorized to provide AT service. The first legislation of AT act is 1988 for US, 1993 for Japan, and 2015 for Korea. Australia does not have AT act. In general, US, Japan, Korea takes national governing but Australia takes state & local governing for the AT service system. The type of AT service delivery system can be classified as fallow; ‘payer-specialist centered’ for USA, ‘provider-mediator centered’ for Japan, ‘specialist-client centered’ for Australia, and ‘provider-payer centered’ for Korea. Conclusion: Compare to other advanced countries, AT service system of Korea has weakness in terms of supply, accessability and professionality of service. Since the service delivery system of Korea is strongly focused administrative function, it is needed to strengthen the executive function more.

Objective: This study aimed to determine how the health-related factors of stroke patients in local community affect their wellness, which are based on comprehensive ICF core set for stroke invented by Geyh(2004). Methods: This study has investigated 157 stroke patients who live in local community and done for 21weeks. The health-related factors of the subjects were determined by Comprehensive ICF core set for stroke and their wellness were measured by Korean Wellness Life Style Scale(KWLISS). Final analysis was conducted only including data of 136 subjects, excluding 21 who were considered inappropriate for the study. Results: Analyzing correlations among the variables which influence the patients' wellness. their environmental factors(p<.05) are proven to have positive correlation. Consequently, among the health-related factors of stroke patients in local community, environmental factors(p<.01), body structure(p<.05) count for 52% of their wellness. Conclusion: Environmental factors are the primary factors which affect the wellness of stroke patient in local community. Thus, those variables, which are environmental factors of the stroke patients, should be highly considered in occupational therapy to improve the level of their wellness. In addition, it is necessary to have a specific occupational therapeutic approach that identifies community resources supporting occupational performance and apply it to the life of stroke patients.

Objective: This study verified the psychometric properties of gross motor scale of Korean version of Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition(K-Bayley-Ⅲ) through item analyses, validity, and reliability evidence. Methods: Date were obtained from a stratified sample of 1,764 infants and toddlers divided into 17 age groups, 16 days through 42 months 15days old, who reflected key demographic variables in the national population. Results: Firstly, the analysis of the degree of item difficulty indicated that items were appropriately placed in the order of difficulty. Most baseline items showed a 90% pass rate. Secondly, Inter-item consistency showed excellent levels and items were highly reliable in terms of test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability. Thirdly, in terms of the construct validity, the Gross Motor Scale of K-Bayley-Ⅲ score revealed a high degree of correlation with the Motor composite score but a significant moderate correlation with the Language composite score, providing evidence of its convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusion: In this study, K-Bayley-Ⅲ gross motor scale was proved to be a valid and reliable measure for evaluating the development of gross motor in Korean infants.

Objective: This study has collected public data on National Dementia Plans and performed a cost-benefit analysis on occupational therapy(OT) in Center for Dementia to contribute in the determination of future dementia-related health policies. Methods: The status of National Dementia Plans were gathered through public data portals from January to December 2016. Based on the gathered data, various variables were defined for OT cost-benefit analysis, and frequency analysis and mathematical calculations were utilized to calculate the variables. Results: Seoul engaged in Dementia Management Projects in all autonomous regions, and all project personnel were full-time. Particularly, full-time OT personnel were placed in 96.0% of centers for dementia, providing OT within the Dementia Management Projects. The net benefit of OT in Center for Dementia, where full-time OT personnel were placed, was KRW 7.3 billion for Seoul. Conclusion: It is expected that expanding the Dementia Management Projects similar to Seoul and engaging in programs through full-time OT personnel would lower the costs of care for dementia. Given the presence of the National Dementia Responsibility Plan, the Dementia Management Projects have seen expansion into a healthcare project at a national level. To effectively utilize the limited healthcare resources, it would be necessary to expand the occupational therapy.

Objective: This study is a systematic analysis of swallowing rehabilitation treatment applied to stroke patients. The method of swallowing rehabilitation treatment according to the symptom of swallowing disorder and the effect of treatment was presented. The purpose of this study is to provide the data for selecting the effective treatment method according to the characteristics of the patients. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA checklist and flow charts. The database used PubMed, Medline Complete (EBSCOhost), and National Assembly Library of Korea. A total of 18 articles were used in the study and the PEDro scale (Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale) was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. In the literature, swallowing rehabilitation treatments were classified according to treatment effect and swallowing disorder symptoms. Results: In the analyzed study, 10 lesions were mixed with brain hemispheres and brainstem, 6 lesions were examined in cerebral cortex lesion, 1 brain lesion was examined, and 1 lesion was not recorded. There were 13 episodes of acute and chronic mixed episodes, 3 episodes of acute episodes of less than 3 months, and 1 episode of chronic episodes of 3 months or more. . Of the 14 treatments, 14 were effective on the irritation, and 1 was effective on the oral cavity and one on the diet. Methods of treatment were classified according to clinical symptoms of dysphagia. The most common treatment modalities were oral pharyngeal dysfunction and total 7 treatments. There are six different types of frontal and laryngeal movements of the hyoid and larynx, four types of aspiration and invasion, three delays in swallowing reflexes, weakness of the tongue, epiglottis residues, food pockets and temporal lag, Each treatment method was presented. Conclusion: This study may help occupational therapists to provide effective swallowing rehabilitation by applying various treatment modalities according to swallowing disorder symptoms of stroke patients.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the comprehensive health status of the people with disabilities and the effect of factors related to individual health status on community participation. Methods: Data from 102 people with disabilities who had stroke and living in the local community were collected using a questionnaire. The questionnaire used the Korean version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment to investigate the personal and environmental factors of health status, and the Korean version of community participation indicators were used to investigate level of community participation. In order to compare community participation based on general characteristics, t-test and one-way ANOVA were used. in addition, this study used Pearson correlation coefficient to determine the correlation between health status factors and community participation. For the effect of health status factors on community participation, hierarchical regression was used. Results: In terms of community participation based on general characteristics, significant difference was identified in study participants with high income, duration of disease of 1-5 years and more than 10 years, and without mobility equipment. For correlation between health status and community participation, significant correlation was identified. Hierarchal regression showed environmental factors as the variable having a significant effect on community participation with 28% explanatory power. Conclusion: For people with disabilities in the community, both personal and environmental factors of health status all had significant correlation with community participation, and the environmental factors were analyzed as the major variable. In order to increase community participation of stroke patients, development of programs considering environmental factors of people with disabilities and additional studies are needed.