KJC Korea
Journal Central

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the trend of research into home modifications for older adultsand suggest considerations of such modifications as a strategy for promoting aging in place. Methods: National Digital Science Library (NDSL), RISS, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were used for searchingarticles published from January 2008 to December 2017. The phrases “home modification,” OR “homemodifications,” OR “residential modification,” OR “residential modifications” were used as search terms, along withsearch terms in Korean. Results: A total of 14 articles were finally selected for analysis among 374 search results. It was found that studieson home modifications for the elderly have been published steadily from 2009 and have recently been activelyconducted. Studies were conducted by various fields of professionals, and the most common subjects were needsor preferences regarding home modifications for the elderly. Qualitative research methods have tended to increasein recent studies. Conclusion: Customized home modifications by multidisciplinary experts are recommended by considering themeaning of the home for both the elderly and their family members in terms of personal, physical, and socialaspects. The development of a home modification service model is needed to promote deinstitutionalization andaging in place for community-dwelling older adults in line with community care policies.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of group Cognitive Orientation to daily OccupationalPerformance (CO-OP) on occupational performance and social interaction skills with developmental coordination disorder(DCD). Methods: The subjects of the study were 3 children between the ages of 6 and 7 with DCD. They received a groupCO-OP intervention of 60 min per session for a total of 10 sessions. To identify the changes in their occupationalperformance and social interaction, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), Performance QualityRating Scale (PQRS), Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2), and Evaluation of SocialInteraction (ESI) were applied. Results: The results showed the performance and satisfaction levels of the COPM, and PQRS scores in not onlytrained tasks, but also untrained tasks. The ESI, used to evaluate the social interaction skills, increasedsignificantly. When we examined the change in motor abilities, significant improvement in bilateral coordinationwas shown for BOT-2. Furthermore, a reinforcement technique to promote a task and verbal motor mnemonicstrategy in DSSs was used the most to solve occupational performance problems in children with developmentalcoordination disorders during group CO-OP intervention. Conclusion: This study provided evidence that the group CO-OP has a positive effect on improving the occupationalperformance and social interaction skills with those with a developmental coordination disorder.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the coping ability and educational need in an actualemergency situation according to the first aid education of the occupational therapist and to examine the effect ofthe educational experience on the ability to cope with first aid and the need for education. Methods: One hundred and fifty occupational therapists working in clinical settings were selected and surveyed assubjects for this study. The questionnaire consisted of 37 questions, which included the general characteristicsand first aid experience of the subject as well as their ability to cope with various emergency situations andopinions on the necessity of first aid education. Results: One hundred and fifteen(76.7%) answered that they had experienced first aid education or training. Fortheir ability to cope with first aid treatment according to whether or not they had first aid education experience,they answered that they were ‘unable to cope’ regardless of experience. All items except respiratory disorder (t= 2.721, p <.05) showed no statistical significance(p >.05). The correlation between two dependent variables wasstatistically significant(p <.05). Conclusion: The results of this study show that the ability to cope with first aid treatment is not significantlydifferent from that of an untrained person even when they have experience teaching first aid. Therefore, morecontinuous and realistic education and training will be needed to respond appropriately to an actual emergencysituation.

Objective: To approach the comprehensive concept of lifestyle used for the elderly, the purpose of this study is toprovide baseline data that can be used to plan a lifestyle-related intervention program by deriving the variouscomponents. Methods: Delphi surveys were conducted three times from November to December 2018 by 12 expert panelsrelated to the community and the elderly. We analyzed previous studies on a lifestyle-related interventionprogram for the elderly, and in the first survey, opinions were gathered through the items reconstructed usingclosed-ended and open-ended questions for the components of a lifestyle-related intervention program. In thesecond and third surveys, we determined the fitness and importance of each component and derived thecomponents of a lifestyle-related intervention program for the elderly based on the results. Results: A total of 37 items were selected through an analysis of previous research, and some items were deletedor newly added from the first Delphi, with 51 items finally being selected. In the second survey, 50 componentswere selected as appropriate. In the final Delphi survey, 22 items were agreed upon as being appropriate, and theaverage content validity ratio for the final item was 0.77 and the stability was 0.20. Conclusions: The components of the lifestyle-related intervention program derived from this study can be used asa basis for planning and implementing effective lifestyle interventions in various clinical settings, includingcommunity settings.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between job requirements and job satisfactionof disabled workers to determine the factors that influence their job satisfaction. Methods: In this study, the 2017 Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (PSED) by the Korea EmploymentAgency for Persons with Disabilities was analyzed. Of the 4,577 panelist data, 1,624 disabled workers were finallyanalyzed and only the items needed for this study were selected and analyzed. Results: The job satisfaction of workers with disabilities decreased with age, and increased with higher educationalattainment. There was a statistically significant correlation between job requirements and job satisfaction ofworkers with disabilities, and among them, computer skills, aptitude/major-match showed a higher job satisfactionand higher positive correlation coefficients than other factors. The job satisfaction of workers with disabilities wassignificantly higher in the case of regular employees and clerks, and was significantly lower in constructionworkers or elementary occupations. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the correlation between job requirements and job satisfaction ofworkers with disabilities. The results of this study can be used as basic data for the vocational rehabilitation ofoccupational therapists.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and methodology of occupational therapyintervention for the executive functionality of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: From January 2007 to December 2018, we searched for data based on schizophrenia, occupationaltherapy, and executive function among the articles listed in ScienceDirect, Pubmed, and CINAHL. From thesearticles, ten studies using occupational therapy intervention were selected and analyzed. Results: In the 10 selected studies, the types of occupational therapy interventions included a task analysis,occupational goal intervention, occupational therapy training intervention related to activity, virtual realityenvironment, and shopping training intervention applied in an actual store environment, along with cognitivetraining and vocational training program interventions. Conclusion: Through this study, we confirmed the types, effects, dependent variables, and evaluation tools ofoccupational therapy intervention for the executive function training of patients with schizophrenia. These resultscan be used as evidence for selecting an intervention method according to its purpose when the occupationaltherapist provides an intervention to patients with schizophrenia.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to systematically review cognitive tasks based on virtual reality to assessthe episodic memory of older adults. Methods: Previous studies published in electrical databases between 2010 and 2019 were searched. The key termsused in the search were ‘Virtual’ OR ‘Virtual Reality’ AND ‘Episodic memory’ OR ‘Autobiographical memory’ OR‘Memory’ AND ‘Elderly’ OR ‘Older’. Finally, eight papers were selected for analysis. Results: The evidence described in the eight papers was from levels Ⅰ(50.0%) and Ⅱ(50.0%), suggesting that theevidence level of the papers was high. Younger adults, older adults, and the elderly with a mild cognitiveimpairment (MCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were recruited to investigate declines in episodic memory bynormal or pathological aging. Virtual reality environments were mainly divided into outdoor or indoor environments. Participants were asked to recall what, where, and when they had information encoded in the environment. As theresults indicate, there were significant differences in memory regarding where and when information was providedbased on normal and pathological aging. Conclusions: It was confirmed that the memory of where and when information was provided were affected moreby normal and pathological aging than the memory of what information was provided. In the future, throughcognitive tasks related with occupation in virtual reality environments, it is necessary to assess all sub-elementsof episodic memory and conduct cognitive training using such results.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an occupational therapy program usingdual-tasks on the cognitive function and gait for the elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Methods: The subjects were 36 elderly persons with MCI (18 for the experimental group and 18 for the controlgroup). The research design was applied to the pretest-posttest control group design. The intervention wasconducted once a week for 60 min during a 12 week period for a total of 12 sessions. For comparison of beforeand after the intervention, Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment-Geriatric Population wasused for the cognitive function, and Timed Up and Go was used for the gait. Results: The occupational therapy program using dual-tasks improved the cognitive function and gait of theexperimental group and showed a significant difference from the control group. Conclusion: Because the value and efficacy of the occupational therapy program using dual-tasks applied in thepresent study were confirmed to improve the cognitive function and gait of the elderly with MCI, this studysuggests implementing such an approach as an active intervention program to prevent dementia in theseindividuals.

Purpose: We studied stroke patients living in a community. We explored the impact of community participation onthe quality of life in such patients receiving community-based work treatment and determined the power of theexplanation based on a correlation and causality. Method: The study included 117 stroke patients. For testing, Korean-Community Participation Indicators (K-CPI)and Stroke Specific Quality of Life (SS-QOL) were used. In addition, a Pearson’s correlation and hierarchicalmultiple regression analysis were applied. Result: A high disability and participation vote significantly affected the level of community participation. Controlover participation, social connection and membership, the importance of participation, and social withdrawalsignificantly influenced the individual's quality of life. Conclusion: The study showed that four factors improved the quality of life after a stroke, and various occupationaltherapy interventions can affect the quality of life after a stroke.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between the intrinsic stigma experienced byschizophrenic patients and the sociodemographic, psychosocial, and psychiatric factors, and to identify whichfactors contribute to the intrinsic stigma either negatively or positively. Methods: This study included an analysis of the correlation between stigma and other factors in schizophrenicpatients from January 1998 to December 2018. As overseas databases, Pubmed, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), andPSYCINFO were used, and the Korean Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) was applied. Theinternational search terms include “schizophrenia” AND “stigma” AND “correlation analysis,” and as domesticsearch terms, “조현병 또는 정신분열증” 그리고 “낙인 또는 오명” 그리고 “상관관계” were applied. Results: The sociodemographic factors showed a moderate correlation between financial level and education. Psychosocial factors were correlated with intrinsic stigma, and in most factors, high correlations wereself-efficacy, depression, avoidance of injury, leisure activities, psychological health, quality of life,self-orientation, social relations, and suicide. Psychiatric factors were highly correlated with severity and negativesymptoms. In addition, overall consciousness, insight, duration of treatment, and perceived stigma wereconsistently correlated with consistent results. Conclusion: This study examined the correlations among three variables that affect an intrinsic stigma through ameta-analysis. According to the characteristics and experiences of the individuals, various results were shown. Therefore, studies used to analyze and interpret the characteristics of each factor should be actively conducted.

Purpose: The purposes of this article were to review the current state of Inter-Professional Education (IPE) in theareas of health and medical care services in Korea, and to introduce a case study on Occupational Therapy (OT)students included in Gunma University, Japan. Methods and results: We searched KMBASE, Google Scholar, KISTI, RISS and KoreaMed using the phrase“InterProfessional Education” for dates up to December 2019, and collected articles published in domesticacademic journals. Based on a systematic review and a case study of Gunma University, the related terminologyand definitions, educational theories, and practices were determined. Sixteen studies consisting of eight originaland seven review articles were included in the review. Among the 16 studies, 7 were from medical research, 4from nursing, and 2 from pharmacy, and 3 were conducted in collaboration with medical-science. Since 2010,Gunma University School of Health Sciences has maintained collaboration with the World Health Organization(WHO) in disseminating IPE models and investigating their educational effectiveness, and was designated as aWHO Collaborating Centre in 2013. Its educational purposes and learning effect were also introduced in thereview. Conclusion: This is the first study introducing IPE in the field of OT in Korea, and we therefore highly expect thatthe necessity of participation and collaborative practice will become recognized in OT education and practice, andthat systematic research on the introduction of IPE can be actively discussed.

Introduction: Age-related co-morbidities are common among persons living with chronic Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus (HIV). However, data are largely absent on the relationship between frailty and incontinence as related tofalls—common age-related co-morbidities—among people living with chronic HIV (PLWH). Methods: To inform hospital-based Occupational Therapy (OT) services for PLWH, we performed a case-controlstudy using extracted data from the electronic medical records of PLWH who had received OT at a large academichospital. Two-hundred-and-four subjects were included in the final dataset; sixty-eight were cases that reporteda fall within the last 12 months, while 136 were controls which were PLWH who had not sustained a fall. Results: The association between falls and frailty indicated that persons categorized as ‘pre-frail’ with balance deficitswere more likely to fall (OR=2.77 [1.18-6.52]). Women who lacked insurance were less likely to fall (OR=0.38[0.18-0.82]) and (OR=0.29 [0.09-0.88]) respectively. The association between incontinence and falls amongPLWH were not statistically significant in a multivariate adjusted regression model (OR=1.38 [.59-3.22]). Conclusion: Our findings suggest further examination of the person factors of PLWH who are categorized clinicallyas ‘pre-frail’ or ‘frail’ may improve health outcomes and reduce falls when paired with occupation-basedinterventions.

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a construct of quality of life relevant to health. HRQOL canbe measured multiple ways including self-perceived interpretation of one’s health status. Research has shown valuein understanding self-perceived or person-centered HRQOL. Thus, these types of assessments have beenintegrated into health care systems, used to help patients set personal goals and to determine treatment success. The purpose of this study was to describe the group, examine the relationship between HRQOL and functionalindependence, and then determine the impact of standard care on the HRQOL (index and visual analog scale [VAS]). Methods: Retrospective clinical observation study. Descriptive statistics used to describe the stroke sample. Comparison was performed to explore the correlation between the EuroQol 5-Dimensions Questionnaire(EQ-5D) and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) at admission and discharge. Paired-samples t-testwas conducted to evaluate the impact of standard therapy on HRQOL on EQ-5D. Results: n=1325; mean age of 72 years (SD=13.28) and 65% females. A weak, positive correlation found at admission(r=.15, n=1325, p<.000) and discharge (r=.04, n=1325, p<.000). A paired-samples t-test revealed a statisticallysignificant increase in HRQOL index and VAS scores (p’s<.000) overtime, with a large effect size (η2=.74 and.70), respectively. Conclusion: A weak relationship was present between HRQOL and functional independence, thus suggesting theseassessments should be used independent of each other. Statistically significant change in scores suggest improvementin HRQOL overtime, supported by large effect sizes and mean scores higher than the minimal important differencerange.