KJC Korea
Journal Central

Objective: This study was conducted to examine the effects of lifestyle intervention programs on oldercommunity-dwelling adults by assessing their depression, health, and occupational balance, and to determine thefeasibility of the program. Methods: One group pre-post design was used, and elderly people in the community who were participating in apublic health center program were recruited. The participants received lifestyle intervention based on a programthat had already proven its effectiveness through other studies. During 7 of the 12 sessions, the participants wereasked to complete a program satisfaction questionnaire aimed to examine the feasibility of the program. During thelast session, researchers assessed the depression (Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CES-D),health (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0; WHODAS 2.0), and occupational balance(Life Balance Inventory; LBI) of the participants and analyzed the data. Results: Nine elderly community-dwelling people participated the study and attended an average of 7.33 (SD=2.35)out of the 12 sessions. As a result of the program satisfaction questionnaire, the participants’ subjective efficacy,validity, and feasibility revealed appropriate. The overall LBI balance, challenge and interest, and identity subscalescores increased significantly (p<0.05). However, neither their depression nor their health scores changedsignificantly. Conclusion: The proposed lifestyle intervention program significantly improved the occupational balance of elderlyparticipants, and can positively affect the health of elderly community-dwelling people. However, to confirm theeffect more clearly, further study is needed to overcome the limitations of the program.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the association of interpersonal competence and emotionallabor with job stress in occupational therapists. Methods: The subjects of the study were 295 occupational therapists in Korea. All correspondence was conductedthrough SNS, and the analyzed questionnaires consisted of 9 items on general and job characteristics, 18 items oninterpersonal skills, 9 items on emotional labor, and 24 items on job stress. Results: The type of employment and payment were associated with job stress. Total interpersonal competence andtrust showed negative associations with job stress. Total emotional labor and frequency of emotional display andattentiveness to required displaying of rules showed a positive association with job stress. Conclusion: In this study, we found an association between interpersonal competence and emotional labor with jobstress of Korean occupational therapists. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the interpersonal skills ofoccupational therapists such as their trust and to manage their emotional labor when performing their job. Inaddition, there is a need to conduct further studies related to job stress in terms of interpersonal competence andemotional labor for quality healthcare management.

Objective: The review aims to investigate the role of occupational therapy in orthopaedics focusing on theorthogeriatric model of care. Methods: Researched related literature through search engine Google and web database; Cinahl, Cochrane, Embase,and Web of Science from September to November in 2018. The search keywords are ‘Orthogeriatric model ofcare’, ‘guideline’, ‘hip fracture’, ‘replacement’, ‘knee arthrop+I4lasty’ ‘Orthopedic’, ‘Orthogeriatric’, ‘Occupationaltherapy’, ‘Elderly’ and ‘Discharge planning’. This review constructs the role of occupational therapy based on theorthogeriatric model of care. Results: It is found that the Orthogeriatric Model of Care (OMC) facilitates recovery and returning to the communityfor the elderly who undertaken orthopedic surgery. OMC consist of a multidisciplinary team including physician,nurse, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, social worker, dietician and speech pathologist. Implementing OMCreduced mortality, complication, delirium, admission of intensive care unit and nursing home, and increaserecovery, functional outcome and cost-effectiveness. Occupational therapy plays important role in OMC such aspre-operation assessment and education, delirium management. early mobilization, joint education, fall prevention,rehabilitation, discharge planning and management after discharge. Conclusion: In Korea, the orthopedic care system is placed way behind compare to developed countries. there isstill a limited OT role in the orthopedic area. This may be the reason that Korean orthopedic patient stays longerat the hospital and higher readmission rates after orthopedic surgery. The Korean medical insurance system isrequired to develop to support OT to work in the orthopedic area. This will help to support ‘community care’which government louched in 2018.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to construct a scale that measures the meaningful roles of the elderly andtheir performance, and to compare the performance of such roles in elderly people who consider themselveshappy. Methods: The participants of this study were 121 elderly people aged 60 or older. The survey tool was aquestionnaire consisting of 23 items. It consists of general characteristics, a performance scale of meaningful rolesand a subjective happiness scale. In this study, we created 10 roles for elderly people and defined each rolethrough a literature review, as well as how each individual performs their meaningful roles. The data wereanalyzed using descriptive statistics, a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis test, andMann-Whitney U test. Results: As the results indicate, the group of elderly people having numerous meaningful roles showed asignificantly high happiness score. A high correlation was shown in the happiness in the elderly with a lot ofinteractions such as with students, workers, friends, and family members, and participating in organizations,whereas having roles such as hobbies, volunteering, caregiving, home care, and religious participation showed alow correlation. Conclusion: This study proposed an evaluation method that quantitatively measures the degree of meaningful roletype and confirms that the happiness of the elderly is significantly increased when their score of meaningful roleperformance is high. This study can be used as basic data for the development of evaluation tools for a meaningfulrole performance.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify some influences on improving attention abilities of disabledchildren through a computer-based attention program with eye movement (saccade, pursuit, and visual fixation). Method: For this purpose, four children with attention problems participated in a clinical experiment. All participantswere evaluated based on a Comprehensive Attention Test (CAT) and Star cancellation test before and after theplanned intervention sessions. The intervention tool was a computer–based cognitive rehabilitation program usingan input system with eye movement. Interventions were intensively carried out for eight weeks, half an hour persession, three times a week. Results: The results were as follows. Selective attention, flanker task, and sustained attention were improvedcompared to before the intervention. The attention quotients showed positive changes in attention areas afterintervention. The various attention quotients after intervention were higher than before. Furthermore, there wereimprovements in the attention quotients for the divided attention and working memory areas. All participantsincreased their response speed AQ in all attention areas. Conclusions: These results indicate that attention training using an eye movement program has an effect onimproving the selective attention, sustained attention, and flanker task. In particular, positive influences wereshown on divided attention, working memory, and response speed for children with poor attention.

Objective: This study intended to analyze the time use of the elderly with disabilities by utilizing lifetime surveydata in 2014 and to present the occupational type by using the time usage based on occupational area. Methods: The raw data from Statistics Korea’s “2014 Time of Life Survey” were used to extract senior citizensaged 65 or older, and the data on 574 disabled senior citizens who needed to be cared for were analyzed. Theareas were analyzed by reclassifying them into sleep activities, daily activities, labor activities, and leisureactivities, and by classifying them into daily activity types, excessive leisure types, excessive work types, andoccupational balance types based on time usage by area. In addition, the deficiency of time use and satisfactionlevel were analyzed depending on the type. Results: Analysis by occupational type shows that 33.62% are of excessive leisure type. The types of dailyactivities made up 31.71%, the types of excessive work made up 21.78%, and the types of occupational balancemade up 12.89%, with significant differences in all areas. An analysis of the predicting factors of occupationaltypes showed that men in their 90s were more likely to among the daily activities type than those in their 60s and70s, and that the possibility of being among an excessive leisure type is more likely to be found in men havingdementia or post-stroke. Conclusion: Analyzing the time use and satisfaction level of disabled senior citizens, this study intended to providebasic data for providing intervention activities to improve their quality of life and health.

Objection: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on the interventions and treatment for children andadolescents with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) through a systematic literature review. Methods: PubMed, Medline, RISS, and KISS were used to search for papers published between 2008 and 2019. Thekey words were [ID OR mental retardation] AND [Activity of Daily Living (ADL)] OR participation OR relationshipOR social] AND intervention. A total of 9 papers were used in this analysis. Results: Various kinds of interventions showed a significant effect on improving the ADL or participation. Skills suchas communication, occupational performance, meal activity, visual perception, social behavior, andtime-management showed significant effects in the field of ADL. The skills of communication, selection, andschool-related participation were improved in the area of participation. Conclusion: This study presented significant interventions related with ADL and the participation of children andadolescents with ID. However, further studies when considering the research quality and diversity will benecessary to target children and adolescents with ID.

Objection: In this study, a systematic review was carried out to overseas studies and determine diagnostic groupsand the types, effects of interventions, in order to understand vocational rehabilitation in the area of occupationaltherapy for people with mental disorders. Methods: For data retrieval from 2010 to 2019, a total of 12 databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, andOTseeker, were searched for Mental disorder, Mental illness, Psychiatric disorder, Psychotic disorders, Bipolardisorder, Depressive disorder, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective disorder, Employment, Job, Work, Vocational,Occupational therapy. A total of 29 studies were included in the final analysis. Results: The diagnostic group included in the study had the most schizophrenia. Looking into vocationalrehabilitation for each of the types of interventions, 16 papers, the largest, were about supported employment,followed by 10 about social skills and cognitive rehabilitation training plus supported employment and one for eachregarding social skills and cognitive rehabilitation training, other vocational approaches, and social skills andcognitive rehabilitation training plus other occupational approaches. Regarding studies showing effects in theemployment rate by interventions type following types of employment, as the largest number of studies, 13 paperswere about supported employment in competitive employment, one were about other vocational approaches innon-competitive employment and three about supported employment in paid employment. Conclusions: In the future, It can be used as a basis for introducing basic data, policy and evaluation system toprovide systematic and comprehensive vocational rehabilitation services for people with mental disorders in Korea.

Background: Ageism is recognized as a concern in the context of a rapidly aging population. Current literatureacknowledges the outcomes of ageism toward older adults, however there has been little focus on the reciprocaleffect toward young people. Programs geared at reducing ageism toward older adults show positive outcomes forboth generations. This review explored the importance of intergenerational relationships and assessed theeffectiveness of intergenerational programs on decreasing ageism toward young people. Method: A comprehensive database search was conducted to identify eligible studies published between 1989 and2019. To be considered for final inclusion, studies had to implement an intergenerational program with outcomemeasures specifically addressing older adults’ attitudes toward young people. Results: Of the 4,661 articles retrieved, 12 studies were included with 1,570 participants. The specific intergenerationalinterventions differed, but commonalities included extended contact, community-based activities, and mentorship. Eleven of the twelve articles yielded statistically significant effects in reducing ageism toward young people. Evaluation of program outcomes resulted in four themes. Conclusion: Moderate evidence supports the effectiveness of intergenerational programs on reducing ageismtoward young people. These results describe the literature and support the reciprocal effectiveness of theseprograms. Occupational therapists can be instrumental in promoting reduced ageism across the lifespan.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of virtual reality-based upper limb rehabilitation usingsmart gloves on the upper extremity function, muscle activation, daily activities, and quality of life in strokepatients. Methods: A total of 31 patients after a stroke were randomly assigned to a study group of 16 patients and a controlgroup of 15 patients. For the experimental group, virtual reality-based upper limb rehabilitation using smartgloves was applied, and for the control group, occupational therapy was given. The experiment was conducted for25 sessions, 5 times a week for 30 min. A Manual Function Test, surface electromyography, Korean version ofthe Modified Barthel Index, and Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 were applied as pre- and post-assessments. Results: Virtual reality-based upper limb rehabilitation using smart gloves showed significant differences in upperextremity function, muscle activation, daily activities, and quality of life. Conclusion: Virtual reality-based upper limb rehabilitation using smart gloves is an effective occupational therapymethod for improving the upper limb function, muscle activation, activities of daily living, and quality of life instroke patients.

Purpose: The study aims to verify the relationship between language development and sensory modulation ofchildren, and to build a foundation as useful data for intervention of an appropriate mediation. Method: The subjects of this study included 53 children, 37 boys and 16 girls, aged 36 to 47 months. As thescreening tool, a Short Sensory Profile (SSP) was applied, and Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI)was used and evaluated for the language development. Result: The difficulty in sensory modulation seems to be a result of problems in children with languagedevelopmental delays, as indicated by the sensory modulation of children 3 years in age with languagedevelopment delays, who are in the category of Probable Difference (PD) in the result of the SSP and whoselanguage development appeared to show an age equivalent of 18 months for the SELSI. Second, there was positiverelationship with language development in the sensory modulation of 3 year old children with languagedevelopmental delays, and in particular there was a highly positive relationship between auditory filtering andexpressive language. Conclusion: This study verified a significant relationship between sensory modulation and language development of3 year old children with language developmental delays.

Objectives: Free Water Protocols (FWPs) are implemented selectively because of mixed evidence on the benefitsassociated with their use. This retrospective study examines the implementation a long-standing clinicalprogram and descriptively reports rehabilitation and quality care outcomes. Methods: Data were collected over 6 years (n = 575). Inpatient rehabilitation setting. Variables included in thisstudy were age, medical diagnoses, rate of acute care hospital transfers, discharge destinations, length of timeon FWP. Results: Cohort consisted of older adults (M = 68.43, SD = 15.11), with diagnosis of stroke (60.2%), brain injury(19.1%), spinal cord injury (7.3%), cardiac (1%), orthopedics (5%), other (13.1%). Acute care hospital transfersoccurred in 6% as descriptively compared to national average (14%). Additionally, participants tolerated FWP fordays (M = 14.1, SD = 14.4) and most went home following rehabilitationDiscussion: This retrospective study concludes the feasibility of implementing a FWP in a rehabilitation facility andreports descriptive outcomes. Experimental research is required for conclusions to be made regardingeffectiveness of the FWP for dysphagia.