KJC Korea
Journal Central

Objectives: This study is aimed at describing the needs, readiness for implementation of, and perceived strategiesto deliver Occupation-Based Practice (OBP) using the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO). Methods: We invited a systemic random sample of 1,100 practitioners to complete an online survey for 3 weeks. The invitation reached 468 email addresses, and 121 recipients consented, giving a response rate of 25.9%. However, we only included respondents who met the inclusion criteria (n = 111) for the analysis. Findings: Participating practitioners reported high consensus regarding the necessity of OBP, indicating habituationand motor skills areas among the six theory-based areas as the most challenging for clients, yet support forOBP readiness was found to be insufficient. Correlation analysis revealed that time spent at the graduate levelwas associated with perceived usefulness (r = .659); perceived usefulness in the graduate program on MOHOwas largely associated with desire to use MOHO (r = .857), and the adoption level of MOHO was modestlyassociated only with the desire to use MOHO (r = .285). We identified prioritized strategies, including translationof assessments and tailored professional development components. Conclusion: Practitioners consented on the necessity of OBP sharing empirical needs seen among clients andcommented with strategies to support implementation of OBP. Such findings inform the next step in developingthe culture of the OBP practice environment in Korea.

Objective: This study aims to suggest a direction for the development of Korean-type dementia occupationaltherapy guidelines by presenting a systematic evaluation and practical recommendations for search guidelinescontaining the existing specific clinical recommendations for dementia management. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on various databases including GIN, and 15 search guidelines wereapplied for a quality evaluation of the guideline research and evaluation tool (AGREE). In addition, the actualrecommendations for occupational therapy intervention for dementia were extracted and the basis and intensitywere compared. Results: Among the 15 guidelines, 7 were higher than 60%, indicating “High quality”. A total of 23 recommendationswere deduced and 6 guidelines suggested recommendations. The US and Korea guidelines were developed basedon an occupational therapy practice framework. Conclusion: By comparing and evaluating various guidelines related to dementia, it is necessary to suggest anddevelop the direction and supplementation of the Korean-type dementia occupational therapy guidelines, and totry to make an effective intervention for dementia while focusing on dementia symptoms.

Objective: This study aimed to develop an evaluation tool for the sensory processing ability of school children basedon their school activities. Methods: The following steps were involved in the development of the tool: 1) a literature review to developquestions related to sensory processing skills in school, 2) interviews with experts, i.e., elementary schoolteachers (3 persons) and occupational therapists (4 persons), to develop preliminary questions, and 3) anexamination of the suitability of the questions by experts (elementary school teachers (24 persons) andoccupational therapists (19 persons)). Results: Through the literature review, 179 items were collected, and in the preliminary item composition stage, 93items were deleted and 23 items were added to form 105 items. In the composition stage of the main items, 87items were composed by deleting 19 items and adding 1 item when the content validity index value was satisfiedat a rate of 70-80% depending on the stage. The results are as follows: For the development of the sensoryevaluation tool, a total of 87 items were developed: 45 items related to general learning activity; 17 related to art,music, and physical activity; and 25 related to meal and break-time activities. Conclusion: This study is significant because a tool was developed to evaluate the sensory processing ability ofschool children in Korea based on their school activities. Therefore, it is expected to be gainfully employed ineducational and clinical settings to evaluate behaviors related to the difficulty of sensory processing in schoolchildren.

Objective: This study aims to systematically review the telehealth services in occupational therapy and analyze thedelivered contents of telehealth and its effectiveness. Methods: From January 2010 to May 2020, the articles on group programs for the elderly in the community weresearched using the PubMed, Embase, and NDSL databases. Based on the selection criteria and exclusion criteriaof the 254 articles, a total of 12 articles were finally selected and analyzed. Results: As a result, 6 (50.0%) of the one group pre-and post-group studies of evidence level Ⅲ were the mostcommon. In addition, 3 (25.0%) of the studies were conducted on brain injuries, 3 (25.0%) of the studies wereconducted on children, and 2 (16.7%) of the studies were conducted on the elderly. The delivered contents of thetelehealth services included encouraging occupational participation, cognitive training, motor and language functionimprovement, wheelchair skills training, and home modification. Telehealth was found to be effective inoccupational participation, quality of life, and some cognitive functions such as attention and visuo-motor scanning. Otherwise, there were no positive impacts on bimanual motor function, wheelchair skills capacity, or mobility. Conclusion: Telehealth might be the next paradigm in the near future. Various types of telehealth in occupationaltherapy have been developed through a service delivery model and showed positive effects on occupationalparticipation, ADL performance, and quality of life. In the future, it will be necessary to develop and applytelehealth in domestic occupational therapy fields.

Objective: The aim of this study is to suggest improvement of assistive device and service related assistive devicefor elderly people with long-term care insurance through phenomenological study. Methods: Data were collected in semi-structured telephone interviews with 5 caregiver of elderly who have usedassistive device at least 2 years. Transcripts were analysed according to a Giorgi’s phenomenological researchmethodology. Results: The interview contents was organized into 18 meaning units, 9 sub-components and 5 components. Caregiver presented need for assistive device considering characteristics according to user’s disease: embeddingvariable option function: aging-friendly assistive device and assistive device reducing caregiver’s burden. Withregard to service related assistive device, they suggested the need for the experts in charge of selection: trainingon usage to assistive device: continuity of follow-up service related assistive device. Conclusion: The results showed this study has significant implications presented that improvement on assistivedevice and service related assistive device in terms of social context effecting use of assistive device. In thefuture, it is expected that this study will be used a evidence for improvement on assistive device for elderly withlong-term care insurance. Also, will be need to develop assistive device considering needs of user and caregiver.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the self-assessment of clinical reasoning for occupationaltherapists in KoreaMethods: This study was a cross-sectional survey study and targeted 143 occupational therapists nationwide. Thequestionnaire was composed of general characteristics and whether clinical reasoning was applied. In addition, aSelf-Assessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning (SACRR) was conducted. SACRR went through the processof translation, reverse translation, and content validity verification. The survey period was from January toFebruary 2019, and a data analysis was conducted using SPSS 20.0 for descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 39.2% of the respondents said they used a clinical inference, and 20.3% said they did not useclinical reasoning. The reason for not using clinical reasoning was because the respondent did not know how to doso, a time constraint, and lack of knowledge. As a result of the SACRR, it was found that occupational therapistsvalue the perspectives of the client’s family and colleagues, and the experience as a therapist, and found it difficultto find and apply different theories. Conclusion: Education for reinforcing clinical reasoning of occupational therapists should be provided, and thecreation of a clinical environment that considers the application of clinical reasoning is important.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on the effective intervention and treatment forchildren with cerebral palsy by analyzing the characteristics, assessment, and functional enhancement of ActionObservation Therapy (AOT) through a literature review. Methods: Pubmed, CINAHL was used to search for published papers up to May 2020. The main search terms used‘Cerebral palsy’, ‘Action observation’, and ‘Motion observation’, and included a total of 10 domestic and foreignpapers. Results: The age of the experimental group was for children with cerebral palsy from the preschool age to the earlyschool age from 5 to 10 years old, and there was diversity in the AOT application method. There were manyperformance-based assessment tools used, and Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA), Melbourne Assessment ofUnilateral Upper Limb Function (MUUL), and measure of manual ability in children with cerebral palsy(ABILHAND-Kids) had the highest frequency of use. Conclusion: This study confirmed the diversity of behavioral observation intervention methods for children withcerebral palsy, while suggesting the need for guidelines for consistency of the program that can be used as basicdata for the preparation of AOT clinical evidence and further research.

Objective: In this study, the cognitive, social participation, and daily activity effects of visiting occupational therapyfor community-dwelling people with physical disabilities were assessed through World Health OrganizationDisability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), and two health centers were compared to confirm theeffective intervention period. Methods: Participants were people with disabilities living in communities with brain lesions and physical disabilities. A total of 17 subjects were divided into 8 patients receiving short-term treatment once a week and 9 patientsreceiving long-term treatment once a month. Through the WHODAS 2.0 evaluation, the health status wasidentified, and difficulties in cognition, daily life, and social participation were identified. The WilcoxonSigned-Rank Test was conducted for determining the difference between the pre-and post-test of the visitinginterventions, and the Mann-Whitney U Test was used to compare the scores between groups. The statisticalsignificance level p was below .05. Results: Although there was no significant change in the short-term treatment group after visiting occupationaltherapy intervention, the daily life and social participation scores of the long-term treatment group significantlyimproved. The difference in the number of changes among the groups did not show a significant difference incognition, walking, self-management, social participation, or total score, although there was a statisticallysignificant difference in getting along and doing housework. Conclusion: Daily life and social participation were improved through monthly long-term occupational therapyinterventions in people living in community with disabilities. Long-term intervention is necessary to maintain theindependent role of people with disabilities and to provide opportunities for their active participation. In addition,various evaluation tools are recommended to provide appropriate interventions for each family, and long-termvisits for occupational therapy are expected.

Objective: The Modified Barthel Index (MBI) measures individuals’ level of independence in performing activitiesof daily living. The purpose of this study was to examine the internal consistency and construct validity of theMBI for children with rare disorders. Methods: The study participants are children with rare disorders who have muscle weakness including Barthsyndrome and congenital muscular dystrophy (N = 113). The MBI was completed by participants in either anonline format utilizing the UF Qualtrics system or a pencil-and-paper format. Statistical analysis was conductedto examine the psychometric properties of the MBI. Results: The MBI showed excellent internal consistency for children with Barth syndrome (Cronbach’s α = .91)and congenital muscular dystrophy (Cronbach’s α = .93). Construct validity was supported by a significantdifference in MBI scores among participants grouped by diagnoses. MBI score was significantly differentbetween the unaffected group and congenital muscular dystrophy (p < .0001) as well as between the unaffectedgroup and Barth syndrome (p < .0001). Conclusion: The psychometric properties of the MBI present good reliability and construct validity suggestingsuitability for use as an outcome measure for children with rare disorders.

Objective: Limited evidence exists concerning whether combined pharmacotherapy is more effective thanmonotherapy for increased smoking abstinence and post-cessation weight gain prevention. This researchinvestigated the effect of combined pharmacotherapy on smoking abstinence and post-cessation weight change. Methods: A meta-analytic review of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) published between January 1990 andJuly 2016 was conducted across PubMed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Web of Science, and CochraneLibrary. Aggregate fixed effects were estimated for continuous abstinence and mean post-cessation weightchange. Keyword search terms included: “smoking cessation,” “naltrexone”, “varenicline”, and “bupropion”. Results: Eight RCTs with 2,513 participants were included. Aggregate fixed effect estimates revealed an increasein continuous smoking abstinence (OR = 1.81, p < .001) and mean decrease in post-cessation weight change(-.15 kg, p = .001). Decreased weight change was observed at 6-8 weeks follow-up (-.14 kg, p = .02). Increased mean weight change was observed among varenicline plus nicotine patch abstainers (.21 kg, p = .01),whereas bupropion plus NRT pharmacotherapies showed decreased mean weight change (-.15 kg, p = .01). Conclusion: Combination pharmacotherapy generates increased smoking abstinence and small short-termpost-cessation weight change among abstainers, particularly among bupropion plus NRT when compared againstvarenicline plus nicotine patch.