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In this paper I aimed to explain the phonetic value of ‘ㆁ’ in MiddleKorean. This phonetic value has traditionally been recognized as a softvelar sound /ŋ/ by many pioneer researchers. However the descriptions ofHUNMINGEONGEUM seemed to tell us its value as a uvular not a softvelar sound. Since uvulars are produced with aryepiglottic constriction, theuvular should be included in the Laryngeal Vocal Tract. It is apparentlyincluded in the Oral Vocal Tract because uvular articulation is a functionof independent movement of the tongue. However, uvulars quintessentiallystraddle the border between the two vocal tracts, and their productioninvolves both. Uvulars are produced with movement of the tongue andaction of the laryngeal constrictor. The latter is what makes them uvularsinstead of velars. We must approve that the aryepiglottic folds was the principalarticulator in Middle Korean. At that period we frequently found thedeletion of ‘ㄱ’ contrary to the contemporary Korean. The reason why thisdeletion occurred productively at that time this sound was the uvular whichwas weaker than the velar. If the point of articulation were to descend towards a lower pharynx theuvular could be lowered resulting to open the passage of a nasal cavity. By【Abstracts】訓民正音의 異體字 ‘ㆁ’ 음가 27this operation of the vocal organization nasal sound ‘ㆁ’ could be produced. Consequently I insisted that ‘ㆁ’, ‘ㄱ’ was uvular /ɴ/, /q/ respectively untilthe late of the 16th Century. Uvulars, pharyngeals and laryngeals except velars were made up of anatural class by a acoustic feature [high F1] and aryepiglottic constrictor. Therefore uvular ‘ㆁ’ could easily be confused with a laryngeal ‘ㅇ’ becausethese sounds were likely perceived by the hearer. This similarity ofacoustic images was catched at that time and so we should not tell thisdescription of HUNMINGEONGEUM as the fallacy. The ‘ㆁ’ could havebeen contrasted with the ‘ㅇ’ by dint of a [RTR](retracted tongue root)feature; the former was [+RTR] and the other [-RTR]. I assumed that thephonetic value of laryngeal ‘ㅇ’ was a slack glottal stop following theearlier my suggestion. On the basis of two dimensions which was theopening degrees of a glottis and the slackness of a vocal cords, thelaryngeals of Middle Korean could systematically be analyzed. The leastweak sound ‘ㅇ’ functioned as the initial position marker of a vowel syllableand the trace of a deleted segment. The concept of a trace had the samemeaning as the empty string which was represented by the separatewriting of the coda from the following vowel initial syllable.

The purpose of this thesis is to consider a characteristic of ‘Inca’ as anadverb and the function of it as a discourse mark in everyday Koreanlanguage. ‘Inca’ function as an adverb in sentence, also its faculty is changed itsmeaning and function by the intonation or situation. The discourse function of ‘Inca’, the discourse mark is various as afunction to mark boundary of foreground and background. supplementationof precede conversation, an attention, in order to gain time" by thesituation. ‘Inca’ is unnecessary in meaning of sentence, but it is a necessarylinguistic form to communicate the purpose or intention of discourse to thelistener with effective.

L1 transfer has been a main theme in the area of L2 sound acquisition. Since Lado(1957) advocated the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis(CAH)where ‘L1 transfer’ was a main factor, L1 transfer has been a main factorin the following L2 sound acquisition models. Two models have beenfavorite and influential to the scholars in this area. One was SpeechLearning Model(SLM) asserted by Flege(1987a, 1987b). The other wasPerceptual Assimilation Model(PAM) claimed by Best(1993, 1995). Bothmodels put the emphasis on ‘L1 transfer’ and ‘L2 experiences’ as mainfactors of L2 sound acquisition. In this paper, I verified these two models with my own experiments forfour different cases in association with L1 transfer and L2 experiences. Outof four cases two were explained by the two models’ predictions but theother two were not successful with their predictions. The third factors,whether those are ‘positive’ or ‘negative’, were needed to solve theproblems of the two models’ insufficient predictions. Also the third factorswere directly related to the ‘markedness’. If the factors are ‘positive’ thoseare related to ‘unmarked’ direction of the targeted L2 sounds and if ‘negative’, those are related to ‘marked’ direction of them. Although ‘L1transfer’ and ‘L2 experiences’ are important factors in L2 sound acquisition,the third factors are equally important to the other factors. The detailedrelationship amongst theses three factors should be resolved in futureresearches.

The purpose of this study is to analysis the process of the negotiationclass with the synthetic negotiation teaching model which is structured bycombination both game theory and negotiation time process. theorists saidthat almost all the case of life is negotiation. this study have some goal asfollows. First, to achieve 'Win-Win strategy' both external elements and internalelements are applied in all process of negotiation. Second, through 'the synthetic negotiation teaching model', the processof negotiation practices were analysed. As a result of analysis of practices, this study found that theoryeducations is very important in negotiation teaching methods.

This article is intended to the actual teaching practice model based onexample of a reading textbook development. The first, it emphasizes theneed to read and review books into Korean reading materials development. And then, we set up as a reading strategy to read through the thematicto analysis with TOPIK item. 'Text read properly' is the reading strategyof extending the text of the learner. In addition, we review the theory ofvocabulary skills in learning to read. TOPIK of the text are analyzed basedon the standard model. So the proposed model effective teaching andlearning to read. This model is to be stretching the basic reading of learners. As a result, the proposed model for teaching and learning following areading strategy, and showed an example of how to configure the book.

『Nosongdangilbonhaengnok』 is a travelogue to Japan, which waswritten by Song Hui-gyeong (1376∼1446) after he traveled to and fromJapan in 1420. It contained 202 poems and two proses after he traveled toand from Japan from January 15 to October 26, 1420. To appreciate theliterary values of 『Nosongdangilbonhaengnok』, its unique and complexcomposition should first be examined systematically. Chapter 2 examined the composition method, and identified twocharacteristics of "diary-style writing according to the itinerary," and"utilization of poetic foreword and insertion of prose." At the king's orderof writing a travelogue to Japan, Song Hui-gyeong further perfected thewriting using the diary style, poetic forewords and proses, thus boostingthe readers' understanding thereof. Chapter 3 examined the role of poeticforward, seen as the most unique characteristic of 『Nosongdangilbonhaengnok』 composition method. It was found that the poetic forwardcontained diverse contents, and that it had three roles, e.g., presentation ofitineraries, description of crisis situations, and description of travels. SongHui-gyeong wrote poetic forewords for 71 poems of 202 poems, and poeticforewords not just complement the poems, but also offer a guess of theauthor's psychology and mindset about travels.

This paper is a research on Jeokseongeui Jeon(「적성의전」) focusing onyuhyeop(遊俠) motif. Some conclusion of this research is as follows;Firstly, for the purpose of effective study, it is good to introduce therealistic perspective. Secondly, Jeokseongeui Jeon's essential problematicis succession to the throne. Thirdly, Jeokseongeui Jeon's concreteproblematic is conflict between brothers. For the purpose of thisproblematic the 'yuhyeop motif' is introduced. This motif is some sort of'deus ex machina'. Lastly, the yuhyeop motif is a characteristic of aestheticrather than historical category. The solution to the inner struggle betweenthe desire for succession to the throne and the Hyoje(孝悌) is by meansof the yuhyeop motif. This yuhyeop motif is a sort of the marginal concept,and related to point de capiton(fixed point, anchor point).

These days congestion situation of the doctors of Korean literature isbecoming serious. Besides, as the Korean literature course is disappearedand the number of students going down, their academic position as well aslecture time go down too. Nevertheless, most majors is studying withaiming employment of professor target. For this reason, I examined closelya popular literary scholar who play a communication role in university andsociety, especially the lancashire and the future of a classic storyteller asthe foundation of my experiences in order that the doctors of Koreanliterature are a new way forward. First, unlike a popular literary scholar who is mired only in literature, Ihave reserched into the integrated study including history, society, science,arts and so on. Especially, the history of women, the disabled, the lowerclass etc.. I have intensively studied a neglected class of people in history,and I gave several publications of liberal arts and children's books to theworld. Second, I have taken the manner of storytelling for the public to readeasy and interesting. Along with that, I see through fact that Koreanliterature in the digital era of the 21st century come into original source ofcultural contents, and I have taken an active interest in the latest appliedscience, for example, a modern interpretation of the classics, cultural contents, storytelling, convergence/integration etc.. So I made a variety ofresearch results, and I have worked on developing contents, a governmententerprise. Meanwhile, I check shortly about a process and method of old classicsstorytelling. Generally speaking, it may be summarized as follows. ①selection of theme→②data collection→③written synopsis→④writing→⑤production. In this way, I examined closely the lancashire and the future of a classicstoryteller with writer's experience at the center in this manuscript. Bydoing this, I wish to be helpful to writers in the same field.

The purposes of this study are to find out the possibility of therealization of Healing and Wellbeing through Pansori popularization and tointroduce the proceedings and results of “Jeonju Citizen’s One PansoriSong Singing Movement.”The function of music and the music therapy were firstly surveyed inthis study. And secondly I tried to find out the possibilities of Pansori andKorean traditional music therapy. In addition, I tried to make programs of music therapy through Pansori. For the welfare for the aged, I proposed the ‘recollection’ and ‘makingautobiography’ using Pansori music. For the local social welfare, Pansori can be used as a folk therapy. Forthis purpose Pansori popularization is compulsory. For the Pansoripopularization we can use the Social Welfare Center, Community Centerand Lifelong Learning Center. It was identified that “Jeonju Citizen’s One Pansori Song SingingMovement” had effects on the improvement of Pansori popularization andpsychotherapy.

Choiwejajeon(崔尉子傳) written by Huang Fu(皇甫) in Tang Dynasty,Sojihyeonnasamjaehap(知縣羅衫再合) written by Feng Menglong(馮夢龍)in Ming Dynasty and Jubongjeon(朱鳳傳) that was famous in Late Joseonare in common as work written in the early period of each relevantcountries and have similar story structures. However, as approaching tothe later time, the number of characters is increased with extended rolesand the story progression is more complicated in the work. The basic structure of story is similar: The main character is attackedby a thief on the way to the appointed region. The wife escapes after beingcaptured. The posthumous child is grown by the thief, and later, revengesthe thief after qualified from the government official selection test. However, the timely and geographical background is different among thestories and the appearing characters become more various following thetime of each story's release. Especially, the main character's work as theofficial after qualified by the government test and the wife's attitude afterthe main character is attacked by the thief on the way to the appointedregion largely differs among these stories. Chinese stories are ending withpunishing the thief. However, the writter of Ju Bong Story shows that, while the revenge is important, forgiveness, reconciliation and ideas of'prevailing and punitive' justice' are more highlighted. Also, the differencefrom showing 'what kind of life is the most humane life' shouldn't ignored. The reason for such difference can be considered as coming from theemotional difference between the peoples in different countries. The most significant difference is found from that the factors oftraditional folk belief of Korea are used as literary devices in various spotsin the story rather than Confucius idea or Buddhism belief.

This essay aims to examine the characteristics of politics the way howYeom Sang Seop's narrative desire to revive national identity in WhiteDove is revealed in the dialectic relation between a cognitive structure anda emotive structure of text. First, White Dove reveals the criminality of theso-called ‘Amazing Plan’, which is misbehaved by socialist organization,from Petit intellectuals, Park Young Sik’ poin of view at the level ofcognitive structure. Yeom Sang Seop openly criticize the socialist ideologyby analogy the behavior of the socialist organization a crime gang. Second,White Dove implies a message that the abandonment of the socialistideology and dialogical relationshipat the level of emotive structure. Thecrime narrative in White Dove removes the historical and social meaningto borrow a detective form with the criminal acts of socialist organization,and brings the interest of the reader at the same time lay the ideologicaleffect that need to isolate the socialist organization. In this respect, thecrime narrative in White Dove has a political implications that Yeom SangSeop’s narrative desire to revive national identity could pose an irony thatunintentionally can be associated with the desire of the colonial empire.

This article was lit up with the politics and ethics of representationmodernology and gaze on the city at the time of Lee Munjae, Yu Ha, KoJinha poetry. In their poetry Flaneur is to position themselves in the cityoutside while the inside part of the city. Thereby, they create a system ofeye staring at the outside of the cities in the interior of the city asimaginary. The Flaneur Lee Munjae poetry of resistance to the speed of civilizationthrough the virtue of slowness, which goes against the fascist rate of urbancivilization. Perspective and against enemies in the eyes of the flaneur ofLee Munjae poetry can be read as an alternative proposition for the ethicsof civilization. Yu Ha poem to obtain a political and ethical to recognize thevoyeuristic gaze and urban wind speed ever spectacular scenery of spyingsexual desire in half through the modernology attitude. Urban gaze stayedas Flaneur is spying operation of desire and micro-power of the distance,it emphasizes the virtues of slowness and emptiness as an alternative toovercome. Flaneur of Ko jinha is the subject of religious spirituality withthe apocalyptic hopes suffered a paradoxical reality. That reflection on the reality of the Holy member, and the restoration of love and life is the finalpoint of the line of sight of spirituality reached ethics. So the eyes ofreligious spirituality through his divine core shows the ethics of correctiveeye to present a critical alternative proposition for the modern society. Walking glimpse of the city's desire to work with micro power inherentin the material and symbolic, critical to recognize it and dream of escape. Point to note here is the horizon of the ethics and politics of recognitionand reflection of the ‘unconscious of modernity’ dwelling in urban life. Thatis ethics and politics of the gaze modernology accurate representation ofthe three poets to show insight and critical observation, free and soberFlaneur is to include the specific recognition of modernity.

This paper reveals the critical terms and concepts of literary meaning ofthe 'Life' of Kim Hwan-tae, it has been revealed to elucidate how theactual criticism. By analyzing the context of a variety of means 'Life' inthe Kim Hwan-tae’s critique and reconstruction of its concepts, methods,'Life' these conditions are realized, we derive conditions such critics. 'Life' from Kim Hwan-tae’s criticism is evident in the unique personalityof an organic whole basically shaped by the creative imagination. Thisproduces a sense of feeling with its own order and produces impressivewith its meaning. And critics have delivered the best work in a real lifeselflessly to produce impressive. 'Life' is formed by 'Inner Match' of the authors, works, readers. and isformed through a newly produced 'Restructural experienced.' 'Life' to KimHwan-tae’s criticism can therefore be described as critical perspectives andattitudes and methods to refine the argumentation of his critics 'Impressionisticcriticism' and 'Aesthetics'.

Allegory-narrative of transition period to modern era has greatresemblance to ‘Seol’. This paper aims to examine the relations between‘Seol’(a genre of traditional literature) and short narrative during thetransitional period to modern times. In this paper, Allegory-narrative oftransition period to modern era is highlighted to identify their characteristicsand meaning. As the result of study, Allegory-narrative has 2-3 stage ofconfiguration, in front of story shows allegory-fable and in the behindshows the writer’s commentary. Also, Allegory-narrative in newspaperbrings into focus on events of the day. Eventually, Allegory-narrative oftransition period to modern era is made for the purpose of educating thereaders.

「Dogjisneun neulgeuni」 is Hwang Sunwon's a short story. I comparedthe work from first text to last text. From first test to last text is all seven. I especially compared first text and textbook text through middle texts. Asa result, I discovered the next facts. Firstly, the old man's character-displacement expiscated. The old man's interest is transferred to his wifefrom his son. And his character becomed nervous. Secondly, textbook textcomplied with the spacing. Thirdly, in textbook text comma decreased. However textbook text turned direct discourse into indirect discourse usingcomma. Fourthly, the past tense consistently appeared. That is to say,narrator is strongly conscious of the novel's reader. Fifthly, the standardlanguage is used. That is to say, a regional dialect is avoided by the writer. This is not desirable from a developmant of literary language point of view. Sixthly, for vocabulary study we will show the other text's vocabularywith textbook's vocabulary. This is desirable from a expansion of koreanlanguage point of view. Meanwhile management of adverb is frequent atsyntex level. Be taken altogether, problem of the spacing is founded in thetextbook text. This problem must be corrected by next textbook.

This article is an attempt to verify the reasons why Jihye Kwon's EelStew fails to present a unifying theme since words of a character in theinner narrative conflicts with comments of the narrator who belongs to theouter narrative,This novel is a meta-fiction in which the narrator of the outer narrativeis established as an author that created events of the inner narrative. Therefore, the narration of "I" in the outer narrative takes the form ofcomments on characters and events of the inner narratives. The narratorof the outer narrative argues in favor of "return to the tranquil life" throughPicasso's Eel Stew painting. However, the following symbols of the innernarrative strongly imply the exact opposite : the "monkey illustration", the"cockroach illustration", and the "Solmijae" illustration strongly suggest thecharacter's runaway impulse, the reluctance of return, and the incompletenature of the character's return, respectively. When words of the narrator and the characters are in discord, therearises a need to choose the statement that would compose the theme of thewhole story. Such a disunited theme is related to a post-modern narrativeform of meta-fiction. In meta-fictions, authors, narrators, and characterstranscend dimensions, their perspectives and voices combining, conflicting,and overlapping. The author's monopolistic authority on the theme is left at best unstable, and in the end, this polyphony itself becomes "onemeaning". Therefore, ambiguous perspectives and narrators in severalscenes can be explained through the concept of polyphony. Until now, there has been considerable critical acclaim regarding theliterary techniques of Eel Stew, but a lack of study with respect to specificaccomplishments that those techniques achieved. I believe that this studycan be a meaningful attempt to complement the lack thereof.

The From 1952 when Garam served in Jeonbuk University to August1956 when he retired, Garam had written a series of articles on essay andsixteen miscellanies named 「Samkwanyeorok」 for the Universitynewspaper.(『Jeonbuk University Newspaper』, 1954. 2. 16.-1956. 4. 30.). Itis significant that almost his main literary works about arranging andsynthesizing in Korean Literature had been written during that period. Therefore, 「Samkwanyeorok」 is a very important material that showedGaram’s affairs and his knowledge and literary thinking synthetically in hislater years and is a material that was reflected his literary and real life asit was. 「White lotus」, 「Neofinetia falcata」, 「Candlelight」, 「Ogongjeup」, 「Theshores of Deokjin lake」 and 「The friendship of Gu, Yul, U and Song)」included in 「Samkwanyeorok」 were six essays in which Garm expressedhis thought about the things and the characters he had an interest. Also,「Samkwanyeorok」(1954. 2.16), 「A hasty conclusion」, 「The children’s songand tale of Seodong)」, 「Jeongseokga」, and 「The song of the country」 werefive works that the contents was his impression and criticism of Classicalliterature. 「Beauty and reality」, 「Geukga and Novel」, 「Strait reading of Chinese character」, and 「Series problem of Sijo」 were four works in whichhe wrote his opinion about literary theory and genre division. In this thesis the composition and characteristics of 「Samkwanyeorok」and the study on the methodology positivism way literature of Garamshowed in 「Samkwanyeorok」 were reviewed and his modest academicposition and position that will be held in the life.

This writing starts with the fact that problems about religion arefrequently mentioned and the method of dealing with religion is alsoconsistently shown in Lee, Byungju's novels. In addition, this writingjudges that there might be a special meaning in that the religious factor,which is rarely addressed in key description of common novels, isuniformly suggested in diverse works; thus, this writing intended to makeits meaning clear. In case of some female characters in Lee, Byungju's novels, they showan implicit attitude towards religion, but that is just nominal, and in caseof an intellectual male character looking at such a female character, themale character shows a cynical attitude. In addition, Lee, Byungju's novel『Happiness Word Dictionary』, the writer suggests the limit of religionthrough the pseudo religion problem of the so-called Okhwangsangjereligious group. The key point in religion stated in that novel is that whenreligion intends to have the strength of an organization beyond the role ofreligion, the religion cannot but degenerate into exclusivism and egotism. However, the writer Lee, Byungju doesn't address religion in order topoint out and criticize the limit of religion itself, but uses religion as allegorical device for highlighting and criticizing a problem of ideology thatcut across through the modern history of Korea. Through this, the writerexposes the futility of the past history where a personal choice couldn't butbe suppressed and forced, and reveals his belief that it's definitelyimpossible to accept anything which oppresses freedom. After all, thewriter repeatedly puts emphasis on the literary attitude of 'a Human',which is the very essence of Lee, byungju literature irrespective of religionand ideology, through the allegorical device of 'religion.'

This article is intended to examine the leftist literary groups and theirliterary discussions after the liberation. Leftist-led national literature in thisperiod should be identified as an extension of KAPF in the colonial period. Immediately after the liberation Korean writers established two literaryorganizations, 'the Central Committee for Korean Literature Construction'and 'Chosun Proletarian Literature Alliance'. But these movements werevery impatient. They have continued to debate the theory in the course of confrontationand conflict for a while. But in order to preempt the upper hand, theyneeded a background of political forces. Aspects of conflict andconfrontation was reproduced by new groups, 'the Korean WritersFederation' and 'North Chosun Culture and Art Federation'. Howeversome theorists such as Lim Hwa, An Ham-Kwang found the commondenominator, national literature. They agreed the necessity of 'nationalliterature' which is based on the ideology of the proletariat. The liberationperiod was the only time of coalition under the slogan 'national literature' in history.

This paper is the author of Lee Ho-cheol consciousness in order tocorrectly identify the missing works of first through excavation andrebuilding it from the first was to be the goal. 『BiteulBiteujok』 of LeeHo-cheol in April 1970, the ninth novel series published in the magazine『 national 』 until December, deals with the Snobby desires and deviatelittle people of the middle class. In the 1970s, began to appear with an openclimate of political repression and cultural vitality compared castle, whichwas creative and have implications for the enjoyment of the subject andthe body of the popular novels by women, 『BiteulBiteujok』. This is alsoa Lee Ho-cheol reflecting the cultural factors. 『BiteulBiteujok』 exhibit two types of text is largely narrative structure. One is the narrative of a married woman is Jeong Eun-ha and grab theKim Young-sik passion, and one husband is violent and immoral ukyiJeong Eun-ha recitative of an epic catastrophe in the fall to go in life. Teumip consciousness of the writer desires and deviate from thePatriarchate to describe the process shaky, you can read the socialconditions of reproduction and critical awareness before and after 1970. Through this review, we have the novel ethical and moral orthodoxy patriarchal narrative of enlightened public that result in novel and has adifferent ending deformed structure and social conditions of contemporaryreality satire and criticism ensure that the unique areas and based onreproduction can be found.